@article{55553,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Cryogenic opto-electronic interconnects are gaining increasing interest as a means to control and readout cryogenic electronic components. The challenge is to achieve sufficient signal integrity with low heat load processing. In this context, we demonstrate the opto-electronic bias and readout of a commercial four-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array using a cryogenic photodiode and laser. We show that this approach has a similar system detection efficiency to a conventional bias. Furthermore, multi-pixel detection events are faithfully converted between the optical and electrical domains, which allows reliable extraction of amplitude multiplexed photon statistics. Our device has a latent heat load of 2.6 mW, maintains a signal rise time of 3 ns, and operates in free-running (self-resetting) mode at a repetition rate of 600 kHz. This demonstrates the potential of high-bandwidth, low noise, and low heat load opto-electronic interconnects for scalable cryogenic signal processing and transmission.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and Lamberty, Niklas and Hummel, Thomas and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  journal      = {{APL Photonics}},
  number       = {{7}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0209458}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{48399,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Quantum photonic processing via electro-optic components typically requires electronic links across different operation environments, especially when interfacing cryogenic components such as superconducting single photon detectors with room-temperature control and readout electronics. However, readout and driving electronics can introduce detrimental parasitic effects. Here we show an all-optical control and readout of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD), completely electrically decoupled from room temperature electronics. We provide the operation power for the superconducting detector via a cryogenic photodiode, and readout single photon detection signals via a cryogenic electro-optic modulator in the same cryostat. This method opens the possibility for control and readout of superconducting circuits, and feedforward for photonic quantum computing.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and McCaughan, Adam N. and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Quiring, Victor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  keywords     = {{Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{20}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.492035}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{33673,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have become an integral part of quantum optics in recent years because of their high performance in single photon detection. We present a method to replace the electrical input by supplying the required bias current via the photocurrent of a photodiode situated on the cold stage of the cryostat. Light is guided to the bias photodiode through an optical fiber, which enables a lower thermal conduction and galvanic isolation between room temperature and the cold stage. We show that an off-the-shelf InGaAs–InP photodiode exhibits a responsivity of at least 0.55 A/W at 0.8 K. Using this device to bias an SNSPD, we characterize the count rate dependent on the optical power incident on the photodiode. This configuration of the SNSPD and photodiode shows an expected plateau in the single photon count rate with an optical bias power on the photodiode above 6.8 µW. Furthermore, we compare the same detector under both optical and electrical bias, and show there is no significant changes in performance. This has the advantage of avoiding an electrical input cable, which reduces the latent heat load by a factor of 100 and, in principle, allows for low loss RF current supply at the cold stage. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  journal      = {{APL Photonics}},
  keywords     = {{Computer Networks and Communications, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0097506}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}