---
_id: '55553'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cryogenic opto-electronic interconnects are gaining increasing interest
as a means to control and readout cryogenic electronic components. The challenge
is to achieve sufficient signal integrity with low heat load processing. In this
context, we demonstrate the opto-electronic bias and readout of a commercial four-pixel
superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array using a cryogenic photodiode
and laser. We show that this approach has a similar system detection efficiency
to a conventional bias. Furthermore, multi-pixel detection events are faithfully
converted between the optical and electrical domains, which allows reliable extraction
of amplitude multiplexed photon statistics. Our device has a latent heat load
of 2.6 mW, maintains a signal rise time of 3 ns, and operates in free-running
(self-resetting) mode at a repetition rate of 600 kHz. This demonstrates the potential
of high-bandwidth, low noise, and low heat load opto-electronic interconnects
for scalable cryogenic signal processing and transmission.
author:
- first_name: Frederik
full_name: Thiele, Frederik
id: '50819'
last_name: Thiele
orcid: 0000-0003-0663-5587
- first_name: Niklas
full_name: Lamberty, Niklas
last_name: Lamberty
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Hummel, Thomas
id: '83846'
last_name: Hummel
orcid: 0000-0001-8627-2119
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Thiele F, Lamberty N, Hummel T, Bartley T. Optical bias and cryogenic laser
readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector. APL
Photonics. 2024;9(7). doi:10.1063/5.0209458
apa: Thiele, F., Lamberty, N., Hummel, T., & Bartley, T. (2024). Optical bias
and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon
detector. APL Photonics, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458
bibtex: '@article{Thiele_Lamberty_Hummel_Bartley_2024, title={Optical bias and cryogenic
laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector},
volume={9}, DOI={10.1063/5.0209458},
number={7}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Thiele,
Frederik and Lamberty, Niklas and Hummel, Thomas and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024}
}'
chicago: Thiele, Frederik, Niklas Lamberty, Thomas Hummel, and Tim Bartley. “Optical
Bias and Cryogenic Laser Readout of a Multipixel Superconducting Nanowire Single
Photon Detector.” APL Photonics 9, no. 7 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458.
ieee: 'F. Thiele, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, and T. Bartley, “Optical bias and cryogenic
laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector,”
APL Photonics, vol. 9, no. 7, 2024, doi: 10.1063/5.0209458.'
mla: Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Optical Bias and Cryogenic Laser Readout of a Multipixel
Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector.” APL Photonics, vol. 9,
no. 7, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1063/5.0209458.
short: F. Thiele, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, T. Bartley, APL Photonics 9 (2024).
date_created: 2024-08-06T06:51:41Z
date_updated: 2024-09-17T09:01:59Z
doi: 10.1063/5.0209458
intvolume: ' 9'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: APL Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2378-0967
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
status: public
title: Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire
single photon detector
type: journal_article
user_id: '50819'
volume: 9
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '48399'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Quantum photonic processing via electro-optic components typically
requires electronic links across different operation environments, especially
when interfacing cryogenic components such as superconducting single photon detectors
with room-temperature control and readout electronics. However, readout and driving
electronics can introduce detrimental parasitic effects. Here we show an all-optical
control and readout of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD),
completely electrically decoupled from room temperature electronics. We provide
the operation power for the superconducting detector via a cryogenic photodiode,
and readout single photon detection signals via a cryogenic electro-optic modulator
in the same cryostat. This method opens the possibility for control and readout
of superconducting circuits, and feedforward for photonic quantum computing.
article_number: '32717'
author:
- first_name: Frederik
full_name: Thiele, Frederik
id: '50819'
last_name: Thiele
orcid: 0000-0003-0663-5587
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Hummel, Thomas
id: '83846'
last_name: Hummel
- first_name: Adam N.
full_name: McCaughan, Adam N.
last_name: McCaughan
- first_name: Julian
full_name: Brockmeier, Julian
id: '44807'
last_name: Brockmeier
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Protte, Maximilian
id: '46170'
last_name: Protte
- first_name: Victor
full_name: Quiring, Victor
last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Thiele F, Hummel T, McCaughan AN, et al. All optical operation of a superconducting
photonic interface. Optics Express. 2023;31(20). doi:10.1364/oe.492035
apa: Thiele, F., Hummel, T., McCaughan, A. N., Brockmeier, J., Protte, M., Quiring,
V., Lengeling, S., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., & Bartley, T. (2023). All optical
operation of a superconducting photonic interface. Optics Express, 31(20),
Article 32717. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035
bibtex: '@article{Thiele_Hummel_McCaughan_Brockmeier_Protte_Quiring_Lengeling_Eigner_Silberhorn_Bartley_2023,
title={All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface}, volume={31},
DOI={10.1364/oe.492035}, number={2032717},
journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Thiele,
Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and McCaughan, Adam N. and Brockmeier, Julian and
Protte, Maximilian and Quiring, Victor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Eigner, Christof
and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Thiele, Frederik, Thomas Hummel, Adam N. McCaughan, Julian Brockmeier,
Maximilian Protte, Victor Quiring, Sebastian Lengeling, Christof Eigner, Christine
Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “All Optical Operation of a Superconducting Photonic
Interface.” Optics Express 31, no. 20 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035.
ieee: 'F. Thiele et al., “All optical operation of a superconducting photonic
interface,” Optics Express, vol. 31, no. 20, Art. no. 32717, 2023, doi:
10.1364/oe.492035.'
mla: Thiele, Frederik, et al. “All Optical Operation of a Superconducting Photonic
Interface.” Optics Express, vol. 31, no. 20, 32717, Optica Publishing Group,
2023, doi:10.1364/oe.492035.
short: F. Thiele, T. Hummel, A.N. McCaughan, J. Brockmeier, M. Protte, V. Quiring,
S. Lengeling, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optics Express 31 (2023).
date_created: 2023-10-24T06:43:16Z
date_updated: 2023-11-27T08:43:33Z
doi: 10.1364/oe.492035
intvolume: ' 31'
issue: '20'
keyword:
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Optics Express
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1094-4087
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface
type: journal_article
user_id: '50819'
volume: 31
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '33673'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have become
an integral part of quantum optics in recent years because of their high performance
in single photon detection. We present a method to replace the electrical input
by supplying the required bias current via the photocurrent of a photodiode situated
on the cold stage of the cryostat. Light is guided to the bias photodiode through
an optical fiber, which enables a lower thermal conduction and galvanic isolation
between room temperature and the cold stage. We show that an off-the-shelf InGaAs–InP
photodiode exhibits a responsivity of at least 0.55 A/W at 0.8 K. Using this device
to bias an SNSPD, we characterize the count rate dependent on the optical power
incident on the photodiode. This configuration of the SNSPD and photodiode shows
an expected plateau in the single photon count rate with an optical bias power
on the photodiode above 6.8 µW. Furthermore, we compare the same detector under
both optical and electrical bias, and show there is no significant changes in
performance. This has the advantage of avoiding an electrical input cable, which
reduces the latent heat load by a factor of 100 and, in principle, allows for
low loss RF current supply at the cold stage.
article_number: '081303'
author:
- first_name: Frederik
full_name: Thiele, Frederik
id: '50819'
last_name: Thiele
orcid: 0000-0003-0663-5587
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Hummel, Thomas
id: '83846'
last_name: Hummel
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Protte, Maximilian
id: '46170'
last_name: Protte
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Thiele F, Hummel T, Protte M, Bartley T. Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting
nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode. APL Photonics.
2022;7(8). doi:10.1063/5.0097506
apa: Thiele, F., Hummel, T., Protte, M., & Bartley, T. (2022). Opto-electronic
bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode.
APL Photonics, 7(8), Article 081303. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097506
bibtex: '@article{Thiele_Hummel_Protte_Bartley_2022, title={Opto-electronic bias
of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode},
volume={7}, DOI={10.1063/5.0097506},
number={8081303}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Thiele,
Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}, year={2022}
}'
chicago: Thiele, Frederik, Thomas Hummel, Maximilian Protte, and Tim Bartley. “Opto-Electronic
Bias of a Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Using a Cryogenic Photodiode.”
APL Photonics 7, no. 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097506.
ieee: 'F. Thiele, T. Hummel, M. Protte, and T. Bartley, “Opto-electronic bias of
a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode,”
APL Photonics, vol. 7, no. 8, Art. no. 081303, 2022, doi: 10.1063/5.0097506.'
mla: Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Opto-Electronic Bias of a Superconducting Nanowire
Single Photon Detector Using a Cryogenic Photodiode.” APL Photonics, vol.
7, no. 8, 081303, AIP Publishing, 2022, doi:10.1063/5.0097506.
short: F. Thiele, T. Hummel, M. Protte, T. Bartley, APL Photonics 7 (2022).
date_created: 2022-10-11T07:15:09Z
date_updated: 2023-01-12T15:13:40Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1063/5.0097506
intvolume: ' 7'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
language:
- iso: eng
publication: APL Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2378-0967
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
status: public
title: Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using
a cryogenic photodiode
type: journal_article
user_id: '83846'
volume: 7
year: '2022'
...