---
_id: '50840'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been
    widely used to study the discrete nature of quantum states of light in the form
    of photon-counting experiments. We show that SNSPDs can also be used to study
    continuous variables of optical quantum states by performing homodyne detection
    at a bandwidth of 400 kHz. By measuring the interference of a continuous-wave
    field of a local oscillator with the field of the vacuum state using two SNSPDs,
    we show that the variance of the difference in count rates is linearly proportional
    to the photon flux of the local oscillator over almost five orders of magnitude.
    The resulting shot-noise clearance of (46.0 ± 1.1) dB is the highest reported
    clearance for a balanced optical homodyne detector, demonstrating their potential
    for measuring highly squeezed states in the continuous-wave regime. In addition,
    we measured a CMRR = 22.4 dB. From the joint click counting statistics, we also
    measure the phase-dependent quadrature of a weak coherent state to demonstrate
    our device’s functionality as a homodyne detector.</jats:p>
article_number: '1'
author:
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Protte, Maximilian
  id: '46170'
  last_name: Protte
- first_name: Timon
  full_name: Schapeler, Timon
  id: '55629'
  last_name: Schapeler
  orcid: 0000-0001-7652-1716
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Sperling, Jan
  id: '75127'
  last_name: Sperling
  orcid: 0000-0002-5844-3205
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Bartley, Tim
  id: '49683'
  last_name: Bartley
citation:
  ama: Protte M, Schapeler T, Sperling J, Bartley T. Low-noise balanced homodyne detection
    with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>.
    2024;2(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>
  apa: Protte, M., Schapeler, T., Sperling, J., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Low-noise
    balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.
    <i>Optica Quantum</i>, <i>2</i>(1), Article 1. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Protte_Schapeler_Sperling_Bartley_2024, title={Low-noise balanced
    homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}, volume={2},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>},
    number={11}, journal={Optica Quantum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Protte,
    Maximilian and Schapeler, Timon and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: Protte, Maximilian, Timon Schapeler, Jan Sperling, and Tim Bartley. “Low-Noise
    Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.”
    <i>Optica Quantum</i> 2, no. 1 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, and T. Bartley, “Low-noise balanced
    homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,” <i>Optica
    Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.'
  mla: Protte, Maximilian, et al. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting
    Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, 1, Optica
    Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.
  short: M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, T. Bartley, Optica Quantum 2 (2024).
date_created: 2024-01-25T11:48:02Z
date_updated: 2025-12-18T17:06:27Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1364/opticaq.502201
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '191'
  name: 'PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform'
- _id: '239'
  name: 'ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors
    in Low-Light Applications'
- _id: '209'
  name: 'ISOQC: Quantenkommunikation mit integrierter Optik im Zusammenhang mit supraleitender
    Elektronik'
publication: Optica Quantum
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2837-6714
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon
  detectors
type: journal_article
user_id: '55629'
volume: 2
year: '2024'
...