@techreport{8204, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Hücking, Roland and Sauer, Stefan and Wagner, Annika}}, publisher = {{University of Paderborn, Department of Computer Science}}, title = {{{UML Collaboration Diagrams and Their Transformation to Java}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @techreport{8205, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Jan t'Hoen, Pieter and Dassen, Ray and Groenewegen, Luuk and G. Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, Ida and Koopman, Pieter}}, pages = {{99--06}}, publisher = {{Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science}}, title = {{{SOCCA Extended with UML like Packages}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @techreport{8206, abstract = {{This document starts the formalisation of the modelling language of the SOCCA OO method in the formal specification language Z. It captures the `static' aspects of SOCCA, i.e. the meaning of SOCCA language elements at the type level, rather than `dynamic' aspects (dealing with the instance level (objects in execution)). It is restricted to core SOCCA; proposed extensions are not formalised.}}, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Dassen, Ray and Groenewegen, Luuk and G. Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, Ida and Koopman, Pieter and Jan t'Hoen, Pieter}}, publisher = {{Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science}}, title = {{{A Formalisation of SOCCA using Z, part 1: The Type Level Concepts}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{8321, abstract = {{Der Entwicklungsprozeß von Multimediaanwendungen sollte ebenso wie der herkömmlicher Softwaresysteme eine Analyse und einen Entwurf beinhalten. In dieser Arbeit diskutieren wir, inwiefern die Modellierung der Struktur und des dynamischen Verhaltens einer Multimediaanwendung über die Modellierung herkömmlicher Software hinausgeht. Wir zeigen, daß Aspekte der Benutzungsschnittstelle und das Zeitverhalten integraler Bestandteil der Modellierung sein sollten. Als Ergebnis stellen wir die objektorientierte Modellierungssprache OMMMA-L vor, die auf der Unified Modeling Language (UML) aufbaut. Die Struktur- und Verhaltensdiagramme von UML wurden analysiert und gemäß der Charakteristika von Multimedia adaptiert bzw. erweitert. Im Klassendiagramm werden die Medientypen und die logische Struktur der Anwendung modelliert. Als Verhaltensdiagramme werden spezialisierte Sequenz- und Zustandsdiagramme eingesetzt. Mit dem Layoutdiagramm wird ein neuer Diagrammtyp hinzugefügt, der die integrierte und anschauliche Beschreibung der visuellen Darstellung und interaktiver Benutzereingaben einer Multimediaanwendung erlaubt. Neben der Vorstellung der einzelnen Diagrammtypen geben wir ein aus dem Metamodell zu UML abgeleitetes OMMMA-L-Metamodell an, in dem das Zusammenspiel der Modellelemente aus den verschiedenen Diagrammen spezifiziert wird.}}, author = {{Sauer, Stefan and Engels, Gregor}}, booktitle = {{Modellierung 1999, Workshop der Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V. (GI), März 1999 in Karlsruhe}}, pages = {{155--170}}, publisher = {{Teubner, Stuttgart}}, title = {{{UML-basierte Modellierung von Multimediaanwendungen}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{8322, abstract = {{We present an object-oriented approach based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for modeling structure and dynamic behavior of a multimedia information system. We extend the Model-View-Controller paradigm for interactive systems towards multimedia and show that aspects of the graphical user interface and time-dynamic behavior ought to be integral parts of a model. This is done in the intention of achieving a coherent model of a multimedia information system. As a result, we present OMMMA-L a UML-based language for the Object-Oriented Modeling of MultiMedia Applications. OMMMA-L deploys class and state diagrams of UML as well as an extended sequence diagram and a newly introduced presentation diagram to adequately specify the visual presentation within a multimedia information system. In addition to explaining the different diagram types, we also define pragmatic rules on how to deploy and combine the various diagrams. Additionally, we relate OMMMA-L to basic ideas of multimedia information systems.}}, author = {{Sauer, Stefan and Engels, Gregor}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the workshop on Multimedia Information Systems (MIS 1999), Indian Wells, CA (USA)}}, pages = {{64--71}}, title = {{{OMMMA: An Object-Oriented Approach for Modeling Multimedia Information Systems}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{8325, abstract = {{In this paper, dynamic meta modeling is proposed as a new approach to the operational semantics of behavioral UML diagrams. The dynamic meta model extends the well-known static meta model by a specification of the system’s dynamics by means of collaboration diagrams. In this way, it is possible to define the behavior of UML diagrams within UML. The conceptual idea is inherited from Plotkin’s structured operational semantics (SOS) paradigm, a style of semantics specification for concurrent programming languages and process calculi: Collaboration diagrams are used as deduction rules to specify a goal-oriented interpreter for the language. The approach is exemplified using a fragment of UML statechart and object diagrams. Formally, collaboration diagrams are interpreted as graph transformation rules. In this way, dynamic UML semantics can be both mathematically rigorous so as to enable formal specifications and proofs and, due to the use of UML notation, understandable without prior knowledge of heavy mathematic machinery. Thus, it can be used as a reference by tool developers, teachers, and advanced users.}}, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Heckel, Reiko and Sauer, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the workshop on Rigorous Modeling and Analysis with the UML: Challenges and Limitations (satellite event of the Conference on Onject-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 1999)), Denver, CO (USA)}}, title = {{{Dynamic Meta Modelling: A Graphical Approach to Operational Semantics}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{8326, abstract = {{Several software architecture paradigms have been proposed for the development of interactive software systems and applications. Their common idea is the separation of user interface components from application logic. Normally, they are deployed as design patterns or basic frameworks of interactive systems. Deploying these architecture paradigms for multimedia systems or embedded real-time systems, first requires an appropriate adaption to the specific aspects of these application areas. We will compare within this position paper two well-known architecture paradigms and motivate an advanced architecture paradigm applicable to real-time, embedded multimedia systems. In addition, we will discuss that the architecture paradigm should be reflected within the structure of a modeling language.}}, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Sauer, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of OMER Workshop, Herrsching, Germany}}, number = {{01}}, pages = {{11--14}}, title = {{{MVC-Based Modeling Support for Embedded Real-Time Systems}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @article{7399, abstract = {{Multimedia-Anwendungen sind interaktive Softwaresysteme und verlangen als solche, mit softwaretechnischen Methoden erstellt zu werden. Sie werden heutzutage in der Regel mit Hilfe von Autorensystemen entwickelt, die eine Ad-hoc-Entwicklung auf Implementierungsniveau unterstützen. Hierdurch und wegen des Fehlens etablierter Vorgehensmodelle für die Multimedia-Softwareentwicklung reduziert sich der Multimedia-Entwicklungsprozeß auf die Implementierungsphase. Dies führt zu den in der Softwaretechnik bekannten Problemen wie mangelnder Konzeption und fehlender Dokumentation. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag ein Vorgehensmodell für die Entwicklung von Multimedia-Anwendungen vor, in dessen Mittelpunkt eine Analyse- und Entwurfsphase im Hinblick auf eine Implementierung der Multimedia-Anwendung mit einem Autorensystem stehen. Ausgehend von einem frameworkbasierten Analysemodell der Anwendung und einem Modell der Realisierungsmöglichkeiten mit einem konkreten Autorensystem wird systematisch ein Implementierungsmodell auf Instanzebene abgeleitet, das als Eingabe für das Autorensystem verwendet wird. Das postulierte Vorgehensmodell wird exemplarisch für das Autorensystem Director am Beispiel der Domäne multimedialer Lehr-/Lernanwendungen erläutert.}}, author = {{Depke, Ralph and Engels, Gregor and Mehner, Katharina and Sauer, Stefan and Wagner, Annika}}, journal = {{Informatik Forschung und Entwicklung}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{83--94}}, title = {{{Ein Vorgehensmodell für die Multimedia-Entwicklung mit Autorensystemen}}}, doi = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004500050128}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{1999}}, } @article{7401, abstract = {{The framework of graph transformation combines the potentials and advantages of both, graphs and rules, to a single computational paradigm. In this paper we present some recent developments in applying graph transformations as a rule-based framework for the specification and development of systems, languages, and tools. After reviewing the basic features of graph transformation, we discuss a selection of applications, including the evaluation of functional expressions, the specification of an interactive graphical tool, an example specification of abstract data types, and the definition of a visual database query language. The case studies indicate the need for suitable structuring principles which are independent of a particular graph transformation approach. To this end, we present the concept of a transformation unit, which allows systematic and structured specifications and programming based on graph transformation.}}, author = {{Andries, Marc and Engels, Gregor and Habel, Annegret and Hoffmann, Berthold and Kreowski, Hans-Jörg and Kuske, Sabine and Plump, Detlef and Schürr, Andy and Taentzer, Gabriele}}, journal = {{Science of Computer Programming}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{1--54}}, title = {{{Graph Transformation for Specification and Programming}}}, doi = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6423(98)00023-9}}, volume = {{34}}, year = {{1999}}, } @book{7510, abstract = {{Graph grammars originated in the late 60s, motivated by considerations about pattern recognition and compiler construction. Since then, the list of areas which have interacted with the development of graph grammars has grown quite impressively. Besides the aforementioned areas, it includes software specification and development, VLSI layout schemes, database design, modeling of concurrent systems, massively parallel computer architectures, logic programming, computer animation, developmental biology, music composition, visual languages, and many others. The area of graph grammars and graph transformations generalizes formal language theory based on strings and the theory of term rewriting based on trees. As a matter of fact, within the area of graph grammars, graph transformation is considered as a fundamental computation paradigm where computation includes specification, programming, and implementation. Over the last three decades, graph grammars have developed at a steady pace into a theoretically attractive and important-for-applications research field. Volume 2 of the indispensable Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformations considers applications to functional languages, visual and object-oriented languages, software engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical process engineering, and images. It also presents implemented specification languages and tools, and structuring and modularization concepts for specification languages. The contributions have been written in a tutorial/survey style by the top experts in the corresponding areas. This volume is accompanied by a CD-Rom containing implementations of specification environments based on graph transformation systems, and tools whose implementation is based on the use of graph transformation systems.}}, author = {{Ehrig, Hartmut and Engels, Gregor and Kreowski, Hans Jörg and Rozenberg, Grzegorz}}, isbn = {{981-02-4020-1}}, publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.}}, title = {{{Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation: Vol. 2: Applications, Languages, and Tools}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inbook{7518, abstract = {{The idea of a combined reference model- and view-based specification approach has been proposed recently in the software engineering community. In this chapter we present a specification technique based on open graph transformation systems (in the double-pushout approach) by a new loose semantics for rule-based systems, which allows to model the interaction between different views, and by explicit frame conditions which restrict these interactions to an interface of open types. On this background, formal notions of view and view relation are developed and the behavior of views is described by the loose semantics. Based on the assumption that dependencies between different views are faithfully described by a common reference model, a construction is developed for the automatic integration of views. The views and the reference model are kept consistent manually, which is the task of a model manager. All concepts and results are illustrated at the well-known example of banking system.}}, author = {{Heckel, Reiko and Engels, Gregor and Ehrig, Hartmut and Taentzer, Gabriele}}, booktitle = {{Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformations, Volume 2: Applications, Languages and Tools}}, pages = {{639--668}}, publisher = {{World Scientific}}, title = {{{A View-based Approach to System Modeling Based on Open Graph Transformation Systems}}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inbook{7519, abstract = {{In this chapter we use a three-level approach for analyzing module concepts for graph transformation systems. Based on the observation that module architectures consist of basic specications like body or export interface and relations like the implementation relation between them, or the import relation between a client and a server module, module concepts are characterized by answering the questions 1. What are the basic specifications? 2. Which relations between specifications are used? 3. How are specifications and relations combined to module architectures? These three questions are investigated for five module concepts available in the literature. As a reference example, a samplemodular specification of resource management in distributed operating systems is presented.}}, author = {{Heckel, Reiko and Engels, Gregor and Ehrig, Hartmut and Taentzer, Gabriele}}, booktitle = {{Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformations, Volume 2: Applications, Languages and Tools}}, pages = {{669--689}}, publisher = {{World Scientific}}, title = {{{Classification and Comparison of Module Concepts for Graph Transformation Systems}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{1999}}, } @proceedings{7793, abstract = {{During the last 20 years several different formal and semi-formal specification techniques have been successfully developed and used. Applications comprise the specification of simple programs, data types and processes as well as complex hardware and software systems. The variety of specification techniques ranges from formal set theoretical, algebraic, and logic approaches for specifying sequential systems and from Petri-nets, process algebras, automata, and graph grammars for specifying concurrent and distributed behaviors to semi-formal software engineering methods for developing complex systems. Formal and semi-formal approaches have their advantages and disadvantages: the informal diagrammatic methods are easier to understand and to apply but they can be ambiguous. Due to the different nature of the employed diagrams and descriptions it is often difficult to get a comprehensive view of all functional and dynamic properties. On the other hand, the formal approaches are more difficult to learn and require mathematical training. But they provide mathematical rigor for analysis and prototyping of designs. Verification is possible only with formal techniques. Since a few years many researchers and research groups are putting more and more effort in closing this gap by integrating semi-formal and formal specification techniques. Their studies and experiences show the added value of combining semi-formal and formal techniques and at the same time open a whole range of new problems and questions which cannot be asked when studying formalisms in isolation. In this seminar more than 40 scientists came together in 28 talks and two panel discussions to study possibilities and solutions for integrating and validating different formal and semi-formal specification techniques. Similarities and differences of formal and semi-formal specification formalisms as well as possibilities for combining such techniques were discussed. Most talks of this seminar analysed, compared, or integrated at least two such methods. On behalf of all participants the organizers would like to thank the staff of Schloss Dagstuhl for providing an excellent environment to the conference. The support of the TMR programme of the European Community is gratefully acknowledged. Due to this programme it was possible to fund the participation of several young researchers and of three key note speakers.}}, editor = {{Engels, Gregor and Ehrig, Hartmut and Orejas, Fernando and Wirsing, M.}}, publisher = {{Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz Center for Informatics}}, title = {{{Semi-Formal and Formal Specification Techniques}}}, volume = {{218}}, year = {{1998}}, } @proceedings{7794, editor = {{Engels, Gregor and Ehrig, Hartmut and Kreowski, Hans-Jörg and Rozenberg, Grzegorz}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{6th International Workshop on Theory and Applications of Graph Transformations (TAGT '98), Paderborn, Selected Papers}}}, volume = {{1764}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{7843, author = {{Depke, Ralph and Engels, Gregor and Mehner, Katharina and Sauer, Stefan and Wagner, Annika}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the GI-Fachtagung on Softwaretechnik (1998), Paderborn (Germany)}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{12--19}}, publisher = {{GI}}, title = {{{Ein Ansatz zur Verbesserung des Entwicklungsprozesses von Multimedia-Anwendungen}}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{1998}}, } @techreport{8202, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Kolmschlag, Silvia}}, publisher = {{University of Paderborn, C-LAB}}, title = {{{Electronic Commerce Systeme als Anwendungsbeispiel für Evolutionstechniken}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{8280, author = {{Kolmschlag, Silvia and Engels, Gregor}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the workshop on "Integration heterogener Softwaresysteme" (satellite event of the GI-Jahrestagung Informatik 1998), Magdeburg (Germany)}}, pages = {{13--24}}, publisher = {{GI}}, title = {{{Unterstützung der Flexibilität eines Electronic Commerce Systems durch Evolutionstechniken}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{8285, abstract = {{This paper presents a systematic approach for classifying and comparing modularity concepts that have been proposed for graph transformation systems. The approach is based on the following observation: Modules and module interconnections consist of basic specifications (forming, e.g., a module's body, import, or export interface), and relations between such specifications, like the implementation relation between export and body of a module. Hence, a natural approach for characterizing a module concept is to answer the following three questions: 1. What are the basic specifications? 2. Which relations between specifications are used? 3. How are specifications and relations combined to modules and interconnections? In this paper, these questions are considered in some detail for the following module concepts for graph transformation systems.}}, author = {{Ehrig, Hartmut and Engels, Gregor and Heckel, Reiko and Taentzer, Gabriele}}, booktitle = {{Pre-Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Theory and Application of Graph Transformation (TAGT '98), Paderborn (Germany)}}, number = {{tr-ri-98-201}}, pages = {{122--131}}, publisher = {{University of Paderborn}}, title = {{{Classification and Comparison of Modularity Concepts for Graph Transformation Systems}}}, year = {{1998}}, } @proceedings{7795, editor = {{Engels, Gregor}}, number = {{4}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Themenheft: Softwaretechnik}}}, doi = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004500050085}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{1997}}, } @inproceedings{7839, abstract = {{The idea of a combined reference model- and view-based specification approach has been proposed recently in the software engineering community. In this paper we present a specification technique based on graph transformations which supports such a development approach. The use of graphs and graph transformations supports an intuitive understanding and an integration of static and dynamic aspects on a well-defined semantical base. On this background, formal notions of view and view relation are developed and the behaviour of views is described by a loose semantics. We define a construction for automatic view integration which assumes that the dependencies between different views are described by a reference model. The views and the reference model are kept consistent manually, which is the task of a model manager. All concepts and results are illustrated at the well-known example of a banking system.}}, author = {{Engels, Gregor and Heckel, Reiko and Taentzer, Gabriele and Ehrig, Hartmut}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC 1997), Zürich (Switzerland)}}, editor = {{Jazayeri, M. and Schauer, H.}}, pages = {{327--343}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{A View-Oriented Approach to System Modelling Using Graph Transformations}}}, doi = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63531-9}}, volume = {{1301}}, year = {{1997}}, }