[{"type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"61932","article_number":"1037","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2304-6732"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":" 12","citation":{"short":"N.N. Ledentsov, N. Ledentsov, V.A. Shchukin, A.N. Ledentsov, O.Yu. Makarov, I.E. Titkov, M. Lindemann, T. de Adelsburg Ettmayer, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, X. Chen, J.E. Hurley, H. Dong, M.-J. Li, Photonics 12 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Ledentsov_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Ledentsov_Makarov_Titkov_Lindemann_de Adelsburg Ettmayer_Gerhardt_Hofmann_et al._2025, title={VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers}, volume={12}, DOI={10.3390/photonics12101037}, number={101037}, journal={Photonics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Ledentsov, Nikolay N. and Ledentsov, Nikolay and Shchukin, Vitaly A. and Ledentsov, Alexander N. and Makarov, Oleg Yu. and Titkov, Ilya E. and Lindemann, Markus and de Adelsburg Ettmayer, Thomas and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and et al.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Ledentsov, Nikolay N., et al. “VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers.” Photonics, vol. 12, no. 10, 1037, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:10.3390/photonics12101037.","apa":"Ledentsov, N. N., Ledentsov, N., Shchukin, V. A., Ledentsov, A. N., Makarov, O. Yu., Titkov, I. E., Lindemann, M., de Adelsburg Ettmayer, T., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Chen, X., Hurley, J. E., Dong, H., & Li, M.-J. (2025). VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers. Photonics, 12(10), Article 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12101037","ieee":"N. N. Ledentsov et al., “VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers,” Photonics, vol. 12, no. 10, Art. no. 1037, 2025, doi: 10.3390/photonics12101037.","chicago":"Ledentsov, Nikolay N., Nikolay Ledentsov, Vitaly A. Shchukin, Alexander N. Ledentsov, Oleg Yu. Makarov, Ilya E. Titkov, Markus Lindemann, et al. “VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers.” Photonics 12, no. 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12101037.","ama":"Ledentsov NN, Ledentsov N, Shchukin VA, et al. VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers. Photonics. 2025;12(10). doi:10.3390/photonics12101037"},"volume":12,"author":[{"last_name":"Ledentsov","full_name":"Ledentsov, Nikolay N.","first_name":"Nikolay N."},{"first_name":"Nikolay","full_name":"Ledentsov, Nikolay","last_name":"Ledentsov"},{"first_name":"Vitaly A.","last_name":"Shchukin","full_name":"Shchukin, Vitaly A."},{"full_name":"Ledentsov, Alexander N.","last_name":"Ledentsov","first_name":"Alexander N."},{"first_name":"Oleg Yu.","last_name":"Makarov","full_name":"Makarov, Oleg Yu."},{"first_name":"Ilya E.","last_name":"Titkov","full_name":"Titkov, Ilya E."},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus"},{"last_name":"de Adelsburg Ettmayer","full_name":"de Adelsburg Ettmayer, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"full_name":"Chen, Xin","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Xin"},{"last_name":"Hurley","full_name":"Hurley, Jason E.","first_name":"Jason E."},{"first_name":"Hao","full_name":"Dong, Hao","last_name":"Dong"},{"first_name":"Ming-Jun","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Ming-Jun"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-19T12:39:12Z","doi":"10.3390/photonics12101037","publication":"Photonics","abstract":[{"text":"Substantial improvements in the performance of optical interconnects based on multi-mode fibers are required to support emerging single-channel data transmission rates of 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s. Future optical components must combine very high modulation bandwidths—supporting signaling at 100 Gbaud and 200 Gbaud—with reduced spectral width to mitigate chromatic-dispersion-induced pulse broadening and increased brightness to further restrict flux-confining area in multi-mode fibers and thereby increase the effective modal bandwidth (EMB). A particularly promising route to improved performance within standard oxide-confined VCSEL technology is the introduction of multiple isolated or optically coupled oxide-confined apertures, which we refer to collectively as multi-aperture (MA) VCSEL arrays. We show that properly designed MA VCSELs exhibit narrow emission spectra, narrow far-field profiles and extended intrinsic modulation bandwidths, enabling longer-reach data transmission over both multi-mode (MMF) and single-mode fibers (SMF). One approach uses optically isolated apertures with lateral dimensions of approximately 2–3 µm arranged with a pitch of 10–12 µm or less. Such devices demonstrate relaxation oscillation frequencies of around 30 GHz in continuous-wave operation and intrinsic modulation bandwidths approaching 50 GHz. Compared with a conventional single-aperture VCSELs of equivalent oxide-confined area, MA designs can reduce the spectral width (root mean square values < 0.15 nm), lower series resistance (≈50 Ω) and limit junction overheating through more efficient multi-spot heat dissipation at the same total current. As each aperture lases in a single transverse mode, these devices exhibit narrow far-field patterns. In combination with well-defined spacing between emitting spots, they permit tailored restricted launch conditions in MMFs, enhancing effective modal bandwidth. In another MA approach, the apertures are optically coupled such that self-injection locking (SIL) leads to lasing in a single supermode. One may regard one of the supermodes as acting as a master mode controlling the other one. Streak-camera studies reveal post-pulse oscillations in the SIL regime at frequencies up to 100 GHz. MA VCSELs enable a favorable combination of wavelength chirp and chromatic dispersion, extending transmission distances over MMFs beyond those expected for zero-chirp sources and supporting transfer bandwidths up to 60 GHz over kilometer-length SMF links.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"10","year":"2025","date_created":"2025-10-23T10:59:59Z","publisher":"MDPI AG","title":"VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Recent research revealed that single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection (spin-VCSELs) have the potential to revolutionize laser technology for short-haul optical communications. While previous studies have focused solely on single-mode operation, this study introduces multimode spin-VCSELs. We experimentally demonstrate the existence of multi-resonant polarization dynamics when spin is injected, a phenomenon previously unobserved. The development opens the door to significantly faster and more efficient optical communication systems by harnessing the collective behavior of multiple laser modes. Furthermore, we lay the groundwork for understanding multimode operation through the extension of the single-mode spin–flip model, which forms the basis for present and future analyses of multimode spin-laser operation. This work is an important step toward realizing the full potential of spin-VCSELs and, thus, enables significantly improved performance of spin-VCSEL-based optical networks in the future.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"APL Photonics","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"106120","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"61931","intvolume":" 10","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Diiankova_Drong_Pusch_Michalzik_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2025, title={Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1063/5.0286998}, number={10106120}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Diiankova, Uliana and Drong, Mariusz and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer and Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R.}, year={2025} }","short":"U. Diiankova, M. Drong, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, APL Photonics 10 (2025).","mla":"Diiankova, Uliana, et al. “Multimode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers under Spin Injection.” APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 10, 106120, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1063/5.0286998.","apa":"Diiankova, U., Drong, M., Pusch, T., Michalzik, R., Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2025). Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection. APL Photonics, 10(10), Article 106120. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0286998","ama":"Diiankova U, Drong M, Pusch T, et al. Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection. APL Photonics. 2025;10(10). doi:10.1063/5.0286998","ieee":"U. Diiankova et al., “Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection,” APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 10, Art. no. 106120, 2025, doi: 10.1063/5.0286998.","chicago":"Diiankova, Uliana, Mariusz Drong, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Markus Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin R. Hofmann. “Multimode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers under Spin Injection.” APL Photonics 10, no. 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0286998."},"year":"2025","issue":"10","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2378-0967"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1063/5.0286998","title":"Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection","volume":10,"date_created":"2025-10-23T10:52:59Z","author":[{"first_name":"Uliana","full_name":"Diiankova, Uliana","last_name":"Diiankova"},{"last_name":"Drong","full_name":"Drong, Mariusz","first_name":"Mariusz"},{"last_name":"Pusch","full_name":"Pusch, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer","last_name":"Michalzik","first_name":"Rainer"},{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-19T12:39:00Z","publisher":"AIP Publishing"},{"year":"2025","intvolume":" 138","citation":{"ama":"Lindemann M, D’Alessandro M, Ledentsov N, et al. Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency. Journal of Applied Physics. 2025;138(5). doi:10.1063/5.0275622","chicago":"Lindemann, M., M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O. Y. Makarov, N. N. Ledentsov, A. Tibaldi, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and M. R. Hofmann. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with                    Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.” Journal of Applied Physics 138, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622.","ieee":"M. Lindemann et al., “Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 138, no. 5, Art. no. 053102, 2025, doi: 10.1063/5.0275622.","apa":"Lindemann, M., D’Alessandro, M., Ledentsov, N., Makarov, O. Y., Ledentsov, N. N., Tibaldi, A., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2025). Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency. Journal of Applied Physics, 138(5), Article 053102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622","short":"M. Lindemann, M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O.Y. Makarov, N.N. Ledentsov, A. Tibaldi, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, Journal of Applied Physics 138 (2025).","mla":"Lindemann, M., et al. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with                    Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 138, no. 5, 053102, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1063/5.0275622.","bibtex":"@article{Lindemann_D’Alessandro_Ledentsov_Makarov_Ledentsov_Tibaldi_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2025, title={Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency}, volume={138}, DOI={10.1063/5.0275622}, number={5053102}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Lindemann, M. and D’Alessandro, M. and Ledentsov, N. and Makarov, O. Y. and Ledentsov, N. N. and Tibaldi, A. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, M. R.}, year={2025} }"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-8979","1089-7550"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"5","title":"Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with tunable resonance width and frequency","doi":"10.1063/5.0275622","publisher":"AIP Publishing","date_updated":"2026-02-20T11:15:05Z","volume":138,"date_created":"2026-02-20T11:11:12Z","author":[{"last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, M.","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"D’Alessandro, M.","last_name":"D’Alessandro","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Ledentsov","full_name":"Ledentsov, N."},{"full_name":"Makarov, O. Y.","last_name":"Makarov","first_name":"O. Y."},{"last_name":"Ledentsov","full_name":"Ledentsov, N. N.","first_name":"N. N."},{"full_name":"Tibaldi, A.","last_name":"Tibaldi","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"},{"first_name":"M. R.","full_name":"Hofmann, M. R.","last_name":"Hofmann"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can exhibit additional resonances at high modulation frequencies that can substantially increase the laser’s modulation bandwidth. State-of-the-art laterally coupled devices require non-standard manufacturing technology and precise tuning of the currents supplied to each cavity separately to form optical supermodes suitable for such resonances. Here, we report on a novel switching phenomenon in laterally coupled VCSEL structures having only a single common electric contact and manufactured in a standard oxide-confined VCSEL geometry. At lower currents, they can be operated in a weakly coupled (WCR) regime and, at higher currents, in an injection-locked (IL) regime, enabling fundamentally different spectral and dynamic features. In the WCR, both optical supermodes lase and a narrow tunable plasma-assisted peak at their beating frequency is observed for each of the apertures, with a current-dependent frequency tuning and anti-phase intensity oscillations in each of the cavities. In contrast, in the IL regimes, only one (anti-symmetric) supermode lases. This adds a broader resonance to the modulation response while the intensity oscillations in both cavities are in-phase. Only the IL regime can result in increased modulation bandwidth of the system. Measurements of the pulse responses and continuous modulation up to 70 GHz for both operational regimes are presented and compared with simulations of our distributed rate equation model whose parameters are extracted from full-wave electromagnetic simulations of the device, including the temperature distribution in the device. Excellent agreement is found and enables comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of supermodes in oxide-confined coupled cavity VCSELs."}],"status":"public","publication":"Journal of Applied Physics","type":"journal_article","article_number":"053102","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64551","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911"},{"_id":"64293","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications","type":"conference","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-02-25T09:34:37Z","author":[{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R."},{"first_name":"Leon","full_name":"Zens, Leon","last_name":"Zens"},{"first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Möller, Jens","last_name":"Möller"},{"first_name":"Vira","last_name":"Besaga","full_name":"Besaga, Vira"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:50Z","title":"Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers","doi":"10.1117/12.3041318","year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, Zens L, Möller J, Besaga V. Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers. In: Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications. ; 2025. doi:10.1117/12.3041318","chicago":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, Martin R. Hofmann, Leon Zens, Jens Möller, and Vira Besaga. “Quantitative Holography for the Characterisation of Semiconductor Amplifieres and Lasers.” In Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041318.","ieee":"N. C. Gerhardt, M. R. Hofmann, L. Zens, J. Möller, and V. Besaga, “Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers,” 2025, doi: 10.1117/12.3041318.","mla":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, et al. “Quantitative Holography for the Characterisation of Semiconductor Amplifieres and Lasers.” Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2025, doi:10.1117/12.3041318.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Gerhardt_Hofmann_Zens_Möller_Besaga_2025, title={Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers}, DOI={10.1117/12.3041318}, booktitle={Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications}, author={Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Zens, Leon and Möller, Jens and Besaga, Vira}, year={2025} }","short":"N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, L. Zens, J. Möller, V. Besaga, in: Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2025.","apa":"Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Zens, L., Möller, J., & Besaga, V. (2025). Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers. Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041318"}},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Optics Express","status":"public","_id":"64550","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"year":"2024","citation":{"ama":"Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann M. Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics Express. Published online 2024. doi:10.1364/oe.538741","ieee":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. Hofmann, “Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,” Optics Express, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.","chicago":"Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741.","short":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, Optics Express (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga, Vira and Möller, Jens and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin}, year={2024} }","mla":"Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:10.1364/oe.538741.","apa":"Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. (2024). Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics Express. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741"},"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_updated":"2026-02-20T11:14:32Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T11:10:34Z","author":[{"first_name":"Leon","last_name":"Zens","full_name":"Zens, Leon"},{"last_name":"Besaga","full_name":"Besaga, Vira","first_name":"Vira"},{"first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Möller, Jens","last_name":"Möller"},{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin","last_name":"Hofmann"}],"title":"Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides","doi":"10.1364/oe.538741"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64585","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Nature","title":"Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","date_updated":"2026-02-23T13:10:16Z","author":[{"last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Pambiang Abel","last_name":"Dainone","full_name":"Dainone, Pambiang Abel"},{"full_name":"Renucci, Pierre","last_name":"Renucci","first_name":"Pierre"},{"first_name":"Alexandre","full_name":"Bouché, Alexandre","last_name":"Bouché"},{"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Morassi","full_name":"Morassi, Martina"},{"full_name":"Devaux, Xavier","last_name":"Devaux","first_name":"Xavier"},{"last_name":"George","full_name":"George, Jean-Marie","first_name":"Jean-Marie"},{"last_name":"Jaffrès","full_name":"Jaffrès, Henri","first_name":"Henri"},{"last_name":"Lemaitre","full_name":"Lemaitre, Aristide","first_name":"Aristide"},{"first_name":"Bo","full_name":"Xu, Bo","last_name":"Xu"},{"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Stoffel","full_name":"Stoffel, Mathieu"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Tongxin","first_name":"Tongxin"},{"first_name":"Laurent","full_name":"Lombez, Laurent","last_name":"Lombez"},{"first_name":"Delphine","last_name":"Lagarde","full_name":"Lagarde, Delphine"},{"last_name":"Cong","full_name":"Cong, Guangwei","first_name":"Guangwei"},{"first_name":"Tianyi","full_name":"Ma, Tianyi","last_name":"Ma"},{"full_name":"Pigeat, Philippe","last_name":"Pigeat","first_name":"Philippe"},{"last_name":"Vergnat","full_name":"Vergnat, Michel","first_name":"Michel"},{"full_name":"Rinnert, Hervé","last_name":"Rinnert","first_name":"Hervé"},{"full_name":"Marie, Xavier","last_name":"Marie","first_name":"Xavier"},{"last_name":"Han","full_name":"Han, Xiufeng","first_name":"Xiufeng"},{"first_name":"Stephane","last_name":"Mangin","full_name":"Mangin, Stephane"},{"last_name":"Rojas-Sánchez","full_name":"Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos","first_name":"Juan-Carlos"},{"full_name":"Wang, Jian-Ping","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Jian-Ping"},{"last_name":"Beard","full_name":"Beard, Matthew C.","first_name":"Matthew C."},{"first_name":"Igor","full_name":"Žutić, Igor","last_name":"Žutić"},{"first_name":"Nicholas","full_name":"Figueiredo Prestes, Nicholas","last_name":"Figueiredo Prestes"},{"first_name":"Yuan","full_name":"Lu, Yuan","last_name":"Lu"}],"date_created":"2026-02-23T10:06:13Z","volume":627,"year":"2024","citation":{"apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Dainone, P. A., Renucci, P., Bouché, A., Morassi, M., Devaux, X., George, J.-M., Jaffrès, H., Lemaitre, A., Xu, B., Stoffel, M., Chen, T., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Cong, G., Ma, T., Pigeat, P., Vergnat, M., … Lu, Y. (2024). Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching. Nature, 627(8005), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","bibtex":"@article{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Dainone_Renucci_Bouché_Morassi_Devaux_George_Jaffrès_Lemaitre_et al._2024, title={Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching}, volume={627}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5}, number={8005}, journal={Nature}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Renucci, Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri and Lemaitre, Aristide and et al.}, year={2024}, pages={783–788} }","short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, P.A. Dainone, P. Renucci, A. Bouché, M. Morassi, X. Devaux, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, A. Lemaitre, B. Xu, M. Stoffel, T. Chen, L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, G. Cong, T. Ma, P. Pigeat, M. Vergnat, H. Rinnert, X. Marie, X. Han, S. Mangin, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, J.-P. Wang, M.C. Beard, I. Žutić, N. Figueiredo Prestes, Y. Lu, Nature 627 (2024) 783–788.","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, 2024, pp. 783–88, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.","ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Dainone PA, et al. Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching. Nature. 2024;627(8005):783-788. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Pambiang Abel Dainone, Pierre Renucci, Alexandre Bouché, Martina Morassi, Xavier Devaux, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature 627, no. 8005 (2024): 783–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.","ieee":"M. Lindemann et al., “Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching,” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 783–788, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5."},"page":"783 - 788","intvolume":" 627","issue":"8005"},{"year":"2024","citation":{"ama":"Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann M. Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics Express. Published online 2024. doi:10.1364/oe.538741","ieee":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. Hofmann, “Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,” Optics Express, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.","chicago":"Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741.","apa":"Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. (2024). Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics Express. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741","bibtex":"@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga, Vira and Möller, Jens and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin}, year={2024} }","short":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, Optics Express (2024).","mla":"Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:10.1364/oe.538741."},"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"title":"Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides","doi":"10.1364/oe.538741","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_updated":"2026-02-23T13:06:50Z","author":[{"last_name":"Zens","full_name":"Zens, Leon","first_name":"Leon"},{"full_name":"Besaga, Vira","last_name":"Besaga","first_name":"Vira"},{"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Möller","full_name":"Möller, Jens"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Martin","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Martin"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T11:09:40Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Optics Express","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64549","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}]},{"publication":"2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC)","type":"conference","status":"public","_id":"64296","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2024","citation":{"ieee":"M. Lindemann et al., “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs,” 2024, doi: 10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, N. N. Ledentsov, V. A. Shchukin, O. Y. Makarov, V. Zerova, M. D’alessandro, A. Tibaldi, and J. P. Turkiewicz. “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs.” In 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs.” 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024, doi:10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.","short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N.N. Ledentsov, V.A. Shchukin, O.Y. Makarov, V. Zerova, M. D’alessandro, A. Tibaldi, J.P. Turkiewicz, in: 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Makarov_Zerova_D’alessandro_Tibaldi_Turkiewicz_2024, title={Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs}, DOI={10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381}, booktitle={2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC)}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Ledentsov, N. N. and Shchukin, V. A. and Makarov, O. Y. and Zerova, V. and D’alessandro, M. and Tibaldi, A. and Turkiewicz, J. P.}, year={2024} }","apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Ledentsov, N. N., Shchukin, V. A., Makarov, O. Y., Zerova, V., D’alessandro, M., Tibaldi, A., & Turkiewicz, J. P. (2024). Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs. 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC). https://doi.org/10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381","ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, et al. Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs. In: 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC). ; 2024. doi:10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381"},"date_updated":"2026-02-25T14:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"first_name":"N. N.","full_name":"Ledentsov, N. N.","last_name":"Ledentsov"},{"last_name":"Shchukin","full_name":"Shchukin, V. A.","first_name":"V. A."},{"full_name":"Makarov, O. Y.","last_name":"Makarov","first_name":"O. Y."},{"first_name":"V.","full_name":"Zerova, V.","last_name":"Zerova"},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"D’alessandro","full_name":"D’alessandro, M."},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Tibaldi, A.","last_name":"Tibaldi"},{"first_name":"J. P.","last_name":"Turkiewicz","full_name":"Turkiewicz, J. P."}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:50Z","title":"Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs","doi":"10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381"},{"doi":"10.1364/oe.538741","title":"Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides","author":[{"full_name":"Zens, Leon","last_name":"Zens","first_name":"Leon"},{"first_name":"Vira","full_name":"Besaga, Vira","last_name":"Besaga"},{"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Möller","full_name":"Möller, Jens"},{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R."}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:50Z","volume":33,"date_updated":"2026-02-25T14:00:34Z","citation":{"short":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, Optics Express 33 (2024) 34–49.","bibtex":"@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, number={1}, journal={Optics express}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga, Vira and Möller, Jens and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R.}, year={2024}, pages={34–49} }","mla":"Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, vol. 33, no. 1, 2024, pp. 34–49, doi:10.1364/oe.538741.","apa":"Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2024). Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics Express, 33(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741","ama":"Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR. Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics express. 2024;33(1):34-49. doi:10.1364/oe.538741","ieee":"L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. R. Hofmann, “Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,” Optics express, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 34–49, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.","chicago":"Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin R. Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express 33, no. 1 (2024): 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741."},"intvolume":" 33","page":"34 - 49","year":"2024","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"_id":"64295","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Optics express"},{"keyword":["Lasers","LEDs and light sources","Spintronics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis of transferring and processing information1. By contrast, robust information storage and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets2. The missing link between the respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting diodes2,3,4,5,6,7, through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons and ferromagnets. With spin–orbit torque8,9,10,11, a charge current generates also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization of the emitted light2. The spin–photon conversion with the nonvolatile control of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology12, including space–light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies."}],"publication":"Nature","title":"Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_created":"2025-04-23T13:27:27Z","year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"8005","article_type":"original","extern":"1","_id":"59663","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","date_updated":"2026-02-25T14:10:20Z","author":[{"full_name":"Dainone, Pambiang Abel","last_name":"Dainone","first_name":"Pambiang Abel"},{"first_name":"Nicholas Figueiredo","full_name":"Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo","last_name":"Prestes"},{"first_name":"Pierre","full_name":"Renucci, Pierre","last_name":"Renucci"},{"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Bouché","full_name":"Bouché, Alexandre"},{"last_name":"Morassi","full_name":"Morassi, Martina","first_name":"Martina"},{"first_name":"Xavier","full_name":"Devaux, Xavier","last_name":"Devaux"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus"},{"first_name":"Jean-Marie","full_name":"George, Jean-Marie","last_name":"George"},{"last_name":"Jaffrès","full_name":"Jaffrès, Henri","first_name":"Henri"},{"last_name":"Lemaitre","full_name":"Lemaitre, Aristide","first_name":"Aristide"},{"first_name":"Bo","full_name":"Xu, Bo","last_name":"Xu"},{"full_name":"Stoffel, Mathieu","last_name":"Stoffel","first_name":"Mathieu"},{"full_name":"Chen, Tongxin","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Tongxin"},{"first_name":"Laurent","full_name":"Lombez, Laurent","last_name":"Lombez"},{"last_name":"Lagarde","full_name":"Lagarde, Delphine","first_name":"Delphine"},{"first_name":"Guangwei","last_name":"Cong","full_name":"Cong, Guangwei"},{"first_name":"Tianyi","last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Tianyi"},{"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Pigeat","full_name":"Pigeat, Philippe"},{"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Vergnat","full_name":"Vergnat, Michel"},{"last_name":"Rinnert","full_name":"Rinnert, Hervé","first_name":"Hervé"},{"first_name":"Xavier","full_name":"Marie, Xavier","last_name":"Marie"},{"first_name":"Xiufeng","last_name":"Han","full_name":"Han, Xiufeng"},{"first_name":"Stephane","full_name":"Mangin, Stephane","last_name":"Mangin"},{"full_name":"Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos","last_name":"Rojas-Sánchez","first_name":"Juan-Carlos"},{"first_name":"Jian-Ping","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jian-Ping"},{"first_name":"Matthew C.","full_name":"Beard, Matthew C.","last_name":"Beard"},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Igor","full_name":"Žutić, Igor","last_name":"Žutić"},{"full_name":"Lu, Yuan","last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Yuan"}],"volume":627,"citation":{"short":"P.A. Dainone, N.F. Prestes, P. Renucci, A. Bouché, M. Morassi, X. Devaux, M. Lindemann, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, A. Lemaitre, B. Xu, M. Stoffel, T. Chen, L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, G. Cong, T. Ma, P. Pigeat, M. Vergnat, H. Rinnert, X. Marie, X. Han, S. Mangin, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, J.-P. Wang, M.C. Beard, N.C. Gerhardt, I. Žutić, Y. Lu, Nature 627 (2024) 783–788.","bibtex":"@article{Dainone_Prestes_Renucci_Bouché_Morassi_Devaux_Lindemann_George_Jaffrès_Lemaitre_et al._2024, title={Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching}, volume={627}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5}, number={8005}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo and Renucci, Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and Lindemann, Markus and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri and Lemaitre, Aristide and et al.}, year={2024}, pages={783–788} }","mla":"Dainone, Pambiang Abel, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, pp. 783–88, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.","apa":"Dainone, P. A., Prestes, N. F., Renucci, P., Bouché, A., Morassi, M., Devaux, X., Lindemann, M., George, J.-M., Jaffrès, H., Lemaitre, A., Xu, B., Stoffel, M., Chen, T., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Cong, G., Ma, T., Pigeat, P., Vergnat, M., … Lu, Y. (2024). Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching. Nature, 627(8005), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","ama":"Dainone PA, Prestes NF, Renucci P, et al. Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching. Nature. 2024;627(8005):783-788. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5","ieee":"P. A. Dainone et al., “Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching,” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 783–788, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.","chicago":"Dainone, Pambiang Abel, Nicholas Figueiredo Prestes, Pierre Renucci, Alexandre Bouché, Martina Morassi, Xavier Devaux, Markus Lindemann, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature 627, no. 8005 (2024): 783–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5."},"intvolume":" 627","page":"783-788","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"]}},{"year":"2024","citation":{"ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, et al. Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation. In: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII. ; 2024. doi:10.1117/12.3001177","ieee":"M. Lindemann et al., “Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation,” 2024, doi: 10.1117/12.3001177.","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, N. Ledentsov, N. N. Ledentsov, V. A. Shchukin, Ł. Chorchos, et al. “Analysis of Laterally-Coupled-Cavity VCSELs for Ultra-High-Frequency Photon-Photon Resonance Modulation.” In Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001177.","short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N. Ledentsov, N.N. Ledentsov, V.A. Shchukin, Ł. Chorchos, O.Y. Makarov, J.R. Kropp, I.E. Titkov, V.P. Kalosha, V. Zerova, M. D’Alessandro, V. Torrelli, A. Tibaldi, P. Debernardi, in: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Ledentsov_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Chorchos_Makarov_Kropp_Titkov_et al._2024, title={Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation}, DOI={10.1117/12.3001177}, booktitle={Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Ledentsov, N. and Ledentsov, N. N. and Shchukin, V. A. and Chorchos, Ł. and Makarov, O. Yu and Kropp, J. R. and Titkov, I. E. and et al.}, year={2024} }","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Analysis of Laterally-Coupled-Cavity VCSELs for Ultra-High-Frequency Photon-Photon Resonance Modulation.” Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, 2024, doi:10.1117/12.3001177.","apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Ledentsov, N., Ledentsov, N. N., Shchukin, V. A., Chorchos, Ł., Makarov, O. Y., Kropp, J. R., Titkov, I. E., Kalosha, V. P., Zerova, V., D’Alessandro, M., Torrelli, V., Tibaldi, A., & Debernardi, P. (2024). Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001177"},"title":"Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation","doi":"10.1117/12.3001177","date_updated":"2026-02-26T08:32:54Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:51Z","author":[{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus"},{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R."},{"last_name":"Ledentsov","full_name":"Ledentsov, N.","first_name":"N."},{"first_name":"N. N.","last_name":"Ledentsov","full_name":"Ledentsov, N. N."},{"first_name":"V. A.","full_name":"Shchukin, V. A.","last_name":"Shchukin"},{"first_name":"Ł.","last_name":"Chorchos","full_name":"Chorchos, Ł."},{"last_name":"Makarov","full_name":"Makarov, O. Yu","first_name":"O. Yu"},{"last_name":"Kropp","full_name":"Kropp, J. R.","first_name":"J. R."},{"full_name":"Titkov, I. E.","last_name":"Titkov","first_name":"I. E."},{"full_name":"Kalosha, V. P.","last_name":"Kalosha","first_name":"V. P."},{"full_name":"Zerova, V.","last_name":"Zerova","first_name":"V."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"D’Alessandro, M.","last_name":"D’Alessandro"},{"last_name":"Torrelli","full_name":"Torrelli, V.","first_name":"V."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Tibaldi","full_name":"Tibaldi, A."},{"full_name":"Debernardi, P.","last_name":"Debernardi","first_name":"P."}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64298","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}]},{"doi":"10.1049/ell2.12827","title":"Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting","author":[{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Natalie","full_name":"Jung, Natalie","last_name":"Jung"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"full_name":"Manrique‐Nieto, Nicolas","last_name":"Manrique‐Nieto","first_name":"Nicolas"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Pusch, Tobias","last_name":"Pusch"},{"first_name":"Rainer","full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer","last_name":"Michalzik"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:51Z","volume":59,"date_updated":"2026-02-26T07:49:59Z","citation":{"short":"M. Lindemann, N. Jung, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N. Manrique‐Nieto, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, Electronics Letters 59 (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Lindemann_Jung_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Manrique‐Nieto_Pusch_Michalzik_2023, title={Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting}, volume={59}, DOI={10.1049/ell2.12827}, number={13}, journal={Electronics letters}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Jung, Natalie and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Manrique‐Nieto, Nicolas and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer}, year={2023} }","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Polarization Dynamics in Spin‐VCSELs with Integrated Surface Grating for High Birefringence Splitting.” Electronics Letters, vol. 59, no. 13, 2023, doi:10.1049/ell2.12827.","apa":"Lindemann, M., Jung, N., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Manrique‐Nieto, N., Pusch, T., & Michalzik, R. (2023). Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting. Electronics Letters, 59(13). https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12827","ieee":"M. Lindemann et al., “Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting,” Electronics letters, vol. 59, no. 13, 2023, doi: 10.1049/ell2.12827.","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Natalie Jung, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, Nicolas Manrique‐Nieto, Tobias Pusch, and Rainer Michalzik. “Polarization Dynamics in Spin‐VCSELs with Integrated Surface Grating for High Birefringence Splitting.” Electronics Letters 59, no. 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12827.","ama":"Lindemann M, Jung N, Gerhardt NC, et al. Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting. Electronics letters. 2023;59(13). doi:10.1049/ell2.12827"},"intvolume":" 59","year":"2023","issue":"13","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"_id":"64302","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Electronics letters"},{"year":"2022","intvolume":" 16","citation":{"ama":"Heermeier N, Heuser T, Große J, et al. Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities. Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews. 2022;16(4). doi:10.1002/lpor.202100585","ieee":"N. Heermeier et al., “Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities,” Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1002/lpor.202100585.","chicago":"Heermeier, Niels, Tobias Heuser, Jan Große, Natalie Jung, Arsenty Kaganskiy, Markus Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, and Stephan Reitzenstein. “Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities.” Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews 16, no. 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100585.","apa":"Heermeier, N., Heuser, T., Große, J., Jung, N., Kaganskiy, A., Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., & Reitzenstein, S. (2022). Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities. Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100585","short":"N. Heermeier, T. Heuser, J. Große, N. Jung, A. Kaganskiy, M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, S. Reitzenstein, Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews 16 (2022).","bibtex":"@article{Heermeier_Heuser_Große_Jung_Kaganskiy_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Reitzenstein_2022, title={Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1002/lpor.202100585}, number={4}, journal={Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heermeier, Niels and Heuser, Tobias and Große, Jan and Jung, Natalie and Kaganskiy, Arsenty and Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Reitzenstein, Stephan}, year={2022} }","mla":"Heermeier, Niels, et al. “Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities.” Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, Wiley, 2022, doi:10.1002/lpor.202100585."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1863-8880","1863-8899"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"4","title":"Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202100585","publisher":"Wiley","date_updated":"2026-02-19T14:23:16Z","volume":16,"author":[{"first_name":"Niels","last_name":"Heermeier","full_name":"Heermeier, Niels"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Heuser","full_name":"Heuser, Tobias"},{"last_name":"Große","full_name":"Große, Jan","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Natalie","last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, Natalie"},{"last_name":"Kaganskiy","full_name":"Kaganskiy, Arsenty","first_name":"Arsenty"},{"last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Martin R."},{"last_name":"Reitzenstein","full_name":"Reitzenstein, Stephan","first_name":"Stephan"}],"date_created":"2025-04-24T09:09:18Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"AbstractSpin‐controlled lasers are highly interesting photonic devices and have been shown to provide ultrafast polarization dynamics in excess of 200 GHz. In contrast to conventional semiconductor lasers their temporal properties are not limited by the intensity dynamics, but are governed primarily by the interaction of the spin dynamics with the birefringent mode splitting that determines the polarization oscillation frequency. Another class of modern semiconductor lasers are high‐β emitters, which benefit from enhanced light–matter interaction due to strong mode confinement in low‐mode‐volume microcavities. In such structures, the emission properties can be tailored by the resonator geometry to realize for instance bimodal emission behavior in slightly elliptical micropillar cavities. This attractive feature is utilized to demonstrate and explore spin‐lasing effects in bimodal high‐β quantum dot micropillar lasers. The studied microlasers with a β‐factor of 4% show spin‐laser effects with experimental polarization oscillation frequencies up to 15 GHz and predicted frequencies up to about 100 GHz, which are controlled by the ellipticity of the resonator. These results reveal appealing prospects for very compact, ultrafast, and energy‐efficient spin‐lasers and can pave the way for future purely electrically injected spin‐lasers enabled by short injection path lengths."}],"status":"public","publication":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59668","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911"},{"doi":"10.1117/12.2632687","title":"Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities ","author":[{"first_name":"Niels","full_name":"Heermeier, Niels","last_name":"Heermeier"},{"last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, Natalie","first_name":"Natalie"},{"last_name":"Lindemann","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"last_name":"Heuser","full_name":"Heuser, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"last_name":"Große","full_name":"Große, Jan","first_name":"Jan"},{"last_name":"Kaganskiy","full_name":"Kaganskiy, Arsenty","first_name":"Arsenty"},{"first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Reitzenstein","full_name":"Reitzenstein, Stephan"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:52Z","date_updated":"2026-02-26T08:36:42Z","citation":{"mla":"Heermeier, Niels, et al. “Spin Lasing in High-Beta Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities .” Spintronics XV, 2022, doi:10.1117/12.2632687.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Heermeier_Jung_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Heuser_Große_Kaganskiy_Reitzenstein_2022, title={Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities }, DOI={10.1117/12.2632687}, booktitle={Spintronics XV}, author={Heermeier, Niels and Jung, Natalie and Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Heuser, Tobias and Große, Jan and Kaganskiy, Arsenty and Reitzenstein, Stephan}, year={2022} }","short":"N. Heermeier, N. Jung, M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, T. Heuser, J. Große, A. Kaganskiy, S. Reitzenstein, in: Spintronics XV, 2022.","apa":"Heermeier, N., Jung, N., Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Heuser, T., Große, J., Kaganskiy, A., & Reitzenstein, S. (2022). Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities . Spintronics XV. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632687","ama":"Heermeier N, Jung N, Lindemann M, et al. Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities . In: Spintronics XV. ; 2022. doi:10.1117/12.2632687","ieee":"N. Heermeier et al., “Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities ,” 2022, doi: 10.1117/12.2632687.","chicago":"Heermeier, Niels, Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, Tobias Heuser, Jan Große, Arsenty Kaganskiy, and Stephan Reitzenstein. “Spin Lasing in High-Beta Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities .” In Spintronics XV, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632687."},"year":"2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"64306","status":"public","publication":"Spintronics XV","type":"conference"},{"status":"public","publication":"Nanomaterials","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64307","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","year":"2022","intvolume":" 13","citation":{"chicago":"Gurevich, Evgeny L., Martin R. Hofmann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Krisztian Neutsch. “Investigation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures Using Synthetic Optical Holography.” Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030505.","ieee":"E. L. Gurevich, M. R. Hofmann, N. C. Gerhardt, and K. Neutsch, “Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography,” Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/nano12030505.","apa":"Gurevich, E. L., Hofmann, M. R., Gerhardt, N. C., & Neutsch, K. (2022). Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography. Nanomaterials, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030505","ama":"Gurevich EL, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC, Neutsch K. Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography. Nanomaterials. 2022;13(3). doi:10.3390/nano12030505","bibtex":"@article{Gurevich_Hofmann_Gerhardt_Neutsch_2022, title={Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography}, volume={13}, DOI={10.3390/nano12030505}, number={3}, journal={Nanomaterials}, author={Gurevich, Evgeny L. and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Neutsch, Krisztian}, year={2022} }","short":"E.L. Gurevich, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, K. Neutsch, Nanomaterials 13 (2022).","mla":"Gurevich, Evgeny L., et al. “Investigation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures Using Synthetic Optical Holography.” Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 3, 2022, doi:10.3390/nano12030505."},"issue":"3","title":"Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography","doi":"10.3390/nano12030505","date_updated":"2026-02-26T08:37:19Z","volume":13,"author":[{"first_name":"Evgeny L.","last_name":"Gurevich","full_name":"Gurevich, Evgeny L."},{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R."},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"full_name":"Neutsch, Krisztian","last_name":"Neutsch","first_name":"Krisztian"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:03:52Z"},{"date_created":"2025-04-25T07:18:24Z","author":[{"first_name":"Yuting","last_name":"Shi","full_name":"Shi, Yuting"},{"first_name":"Lisa C.","full_name":"Kreuzer, Lisa C.","last_name":"Kreuzer"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"},{"first_name":"Marianna","last_name":"Pantouvaki","full_name":"Pantouvaki, Marianna"},{"last_name":"Van Campenhout","full_name":"Van Campenhout, Joris","first_name":"Joris"},{"last_name":"Baryshnikova","full_name":"Baryshnikova, Marina","first_name":"Marina"},{"first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Langer, Robert","last_name":"Langer"},{"full_name":"Van Thourhout, Dries","last_name":"Van Thourhout","first_name":"Dries"},{"first_name":"Bernardette","last_name":"Kunert","full_name":"Kunert, Bernardette"}],"volume":127,"date_updated":"2025-04-25T07:28:42Z","publisher":"AIP Publishing","doi":"10.1063/1.5139636","title":"Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates","issue":"10","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-8979","1089-7550"]},"citation":{"short":"Y. Shi, L.C. Kreuzer, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, M. Baryshnikova, R. Langer, D. Van Thourhout, B. Kunert, Journal of Applied Physics 127 (2020).","mla":"Shi, Yuting, et al. “Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of InGaAs/GaAs Nano-Ridges Monolithically Grown on 300 Mm Si Substrates.” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 127, no. 10, AIP Publishing, 2020, doi:10.1063/1.5139636.","bibtex":"@article{Shi_Kreuzer_Gerhardt_Pantouvaki_Van Campenhout_Baryshnikova_Langer_Van Thourhout_Kunert_2020, title={Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates}, volume={127}, DOI={10.1063/1.5139636}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Shi, Yuting and Kreuzer, Lisa C. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Pantouvaki, Marianna and Van Campenhout, Joris and Baryshnikova, Marina and Langer, Robert and Van Thourhout, Dries and Kunert, Bernardette}, year={2020} }","apa":"Shi, Y., Kreuzer, L. C., Gerhardt, N. C., Pantouvaki, M., Van Campenhout, J., Baryshnikova, M., Langer, R., Van Thourhout, D., & Kunert, B. (2020). Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates. Journal of Applied Physics, 127(10). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139636","chicago":"Shi, Yuting, Lisa C. Kreuzer, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Marianna Pantouvaki, Joris Van Campenhout, Marina Baryshnikova, Robert Langer, Dries Van Thourhout, and Bernardette Kunert. “Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of InGaAs/GaAs Nano-Ridges Monolithically Grown on 300 Mm Si Substrates.” Journal of Applied Physics 127, no. 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139636.","ieee":"Y. Shi et al., “Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 127, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.1063/1.5139636.","ama":"Shi Y, Kreuzer LC, Gerhardt NC, et al. Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates. Journal of Applied Physics. 2020;127(10). doi:10.1063/1.5139636"},"intvolume":" 127","year":"2020","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"_id":"59686","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Applied Physics","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The monolithic growth of III–V materials directly on Si substrates provides a promising integration approach for passive and active silicon photonic integrated circuits but still faces great challenges in crystal quality due to misfit defect formation. Nano-ridge engineering is a new approach that enables the integration of III–V based devices on trench-patterned Si substrates with very high crystal quality. Using selective area growth, the III–V material is deposited into narrow trenches to reduce the dislocation defect density by aspect ratio trapping. The growth is continued out of the trench pattern and a box-shaped III–V nano-ridge is engineered by adjusting the growth parameters. A flat (001) GaAs nano-ridge surface enables the epitaxial integration of a common InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure as an optical gain medium to build a laser diode. In this study, a clear correlation is found between the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, extracted from time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, with the InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridge size and defect density, which are both predefined by the nano-ridge related pattern trench width. Through the addition of an InGaP passivation layer, a MQW PL lifetime of up to 800 ps and 1000 ps is measured when pumped at 900 nm (only QWs were excited) and 800 nm (QWs + barrier excited), respectively. The addition of a bottom carrier blocking layer further increases this lifetime to ∼2.5ns (pumped at 800 nm), which clearly demonstrates the high crystal quality of the nano-ridge material. These TRPL measurements not only deliver quick and valuable feedback about the III–V material quality but also provide an important understanding for the heterostructure design and carrier confinement of the nano-ridge laser diode."}]},{"year":"2020","citation":{"ama":"Žutić I, Xu G, Lindemann M, et al. Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance. Solid State Communications. 2020;316-317. doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949","chicago":"Žutić, Igor, Gaofeng Xu, Markus Lindemann, Paulo E. Faria Junior, Jeongsu Lee, Velimir Labinac, Kristian Stojšić, Guilherme M. Sipahi, Martin R. Hofmann, and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Spin-Lasers: Spintronics beyond Magnetoresistance.” Solid State Communications 316–317 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.","ieee":"I. Žutić et al., “Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance,” Solid State Communications, vol. 316–317, Art. no. 113949, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.","apa":"Žutić, I., Xu, G., Lindemann, M., Faria Junior, P. E., Lee, J., Labinac, V., Stojšić, K., Sipahi, G. M., Hofmann, M. R., & Gerhardt, N. C. (2020). Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance. Solid State Communications, 316–317, Article 113949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949","mla":"Žutić, Igor, et al. “Spin-Lasers: Spintronics beyond Magnetoresistance.” Solid State Communications, vol. 316–317, 113949, Elsevier BV, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.","short":"I. Žutić, G. Xu, M. Lindemann, P.E. Faria Junior, J. Lee, V. Labinac, K. Stojšić, G.M. Sipahi, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, Solid State Communications 316–317 (2020).","bibtex":"@article{Žutić_Xu_Lindemann_Faria Junior_Lee_Labinac_Stojšić_Sipahi_Hofmann_Gerhardt_2020, title={Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance}, volume={316–317}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949}, number={113949}, journal={Solid State Communications}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Žutić, Igor and Xu, Gaofeng and Lindemann, Markus and Faria Junior, Paulo E. and Lee, Jeongsu and Labinac, Velimir and Stojšić, Kristian and Sipahi, Guilherme M. and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}, year={2020} }"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0038-1098"]},"publication_status":"published","title":"Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance","doi":"10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949","date_updated":"2025-04-25T07:28:46Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","volume":"316-317","date_created":"2025-04-25T07:11:46Z","author":[{"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Žutić","full_name":"Žutić, Igor"},{"first_name":"Gaofeng","last_name":"Xu","full_name":"Xu, Gaofeng"},{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"full_name":"Faria Junior, Paulo E.","last_name":"Faria Junior","first_name":"Paulo E."},{"first_name":"Jeongsu","full_name":"Lee, Jeongsu","last_name":"Lee"},{"last_name":"Labinac","full_name":"Labinac, Velimir","first_name":"Velimir"},{"first_name":"Kristian","full_name":"Stojšić, Kristian","last_name":"Stojšić"},{"first_name":"Guilherme M.","full_name":"Sipahi, Guilherme M.","last_name":"Sipahi"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R."},{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt","first_name":"Nils Christopher"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Introducing spin-polarized carriers in semiconductor lasers reveals an alternative path to realize room-temperature spintronic applications, beyond the usual magnetoresistive effects. Through carrier recombination, the angular momentum of the spin-polarized carriers is transferred to photons, thus leading to the circularly polarized emitted light. The intuition for the operation of such spin-lasers can be obtained from simple bucket and harmonic oscillator models, elucidating their steady-state and dynamic response, respectively. These lasers extend the functionalities of spintronic devices and exceed the performance of conventional (spin-unpolarized) lasers, including an order of magnitude faster modulation frequency. Surprisingly, this ultrafast operation relies on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large anisotropy of the refractive index, both viewed as detrimental in spintronics and conventional lasers. Spin-lasers provide a platform to test novel concepts in spin devices and offer progress connected to the advances in more traditional areas of spintronics."}],"status":"public","publication":"Solid State Communications","type":"journal_article","article_type":"review","article_number":"113949","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59685","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911"},{"_id":"59684","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"article_type":"original","article_number":"A8","extern":"1","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-02-19T14:23:31Z","author":[{"full_name":"Schnitzler, Lena","last_name":"Schnitzler","first_name":"Lena"},{"last_name":"Neutsch","full_name":"Neutsch, Krisztian","first_name":"Krisztian"},{"first_name":"Falk","full_name":"Schellenberg, Falk","last_name":"Schellenberg"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R."},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"}],"volume":60,"doi":"10.1364/ao.403687","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1559-128X","2155-3165"]},"citation":{"ieee":"L. Schnitzler, K. Neutsch, F. Schellenberg, M. R. Hofmann, and N. C. Gerhardt, “Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures,” Applied Optics, vol. 60, no. 4, Art. no. A8, 2020, doi: 10.1364/ao.403687.","chicago":"Schnitzler, Lena, Krisztian Neutsch, Falk Schellenberg, Martin R. Hofmann, and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Confocal Laser Scanning Holographic Microscopy of Buried Structures.” Applied Optics 60, no. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.403687.","ama":"Schnitzler L, Neutsch K, Schellenberg F, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC. Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures. Applied Optics. 2020;60(4). doi:10.1364/ao.403687","apa":"Schnitzler, L., Neutsch, K., Schellenberg, F., Hofmann, M. R., & Gerhardt, N. C. (2020). Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures. Applied Optics, 60(4), Article A8. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.403687","bibtex":"@article{Schnitzler_Neutsch_Schellenberg_Hofmann_Gerhardt_2020, title={Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1364/ao.403687}, number={4A8}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Schnitzler, Lena and Neutsch, Krisztian and Schellenberg, Falk and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}, year={2020} }","short":"L. Schnitzler, K. Neutsch, F. Schellenberg, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, Applied Optics 60 (2020).","mla":"Schnitzler, Lena, et al. “Confocal Laser Scanning Holographic Microscopy of Buried Structures.” Applied Optics, vol. 60, no. 4, A8, Optica Publishing Group, 2020, doi:10.1364/ao.403687."},"intvolume":" 60","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Applied Optics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we present a confocal laser scanning holographic microscope for the investigation of buried structures. The multimodal system combines high diffraction limited resolution and high signal-to-noise-ratio with the ability of phase acquisition. The amplitude and phase imaging capabilities of the system are shown on a test target. For the investigation of buried integrated semiconductor structures, we expand our system with an optical beam induced current modality that provides additional structure-sensitive contrast. We demonstrate the performance of the multimodal system by imaging the buried structures of a microcontroller through the silicon backside of its housing in reflection geometry."}],"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_created":"2025-04-25T07:04:55Z","title":"Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"4","year":"2020"},{"citation":{"apa":"Neutsch, K., Hofmann, M. R., Gerhardt, N. C., Schnitzler, L., & Tranelis, M. J. (2019). Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy. Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509448","ama":"Neutsch K, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC, Schnitzler L, Tranelis MJ. Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy. In: Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications. ; 2019. doi:10.1117/12.2509448","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Neutsch_Hofmann_Gerhardt_Schnitzler_Tranelis_2019, title={Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy}, DOI={10.1117/12.2509448}, booktitle={Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications}, author={Neutsch, Krisztian and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Schnitzler, Lena and Tranelis, Marlon J.}, year={2019} }","mla":"Neutsch, Krisztian, et al. “Three-Dimensional Particle Localization with Common-Path Digital Holographic Microscopy.” Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2019, doi:10.1117/12.2509448.","short":"K. Neutsch, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, L. Schnitzler, M.J. Tranelis, in: Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2019.","chicago":"Neutsch, Krisztian, Martin R. Hofmann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Lena Schnitzler, and Marlon J. Tranelis. “Three-Dimensional Particle Localization with Common-Path Digital Holographic Microscopy.” In Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509448.","ieee":"K. Neutsch, M. R. Hofmann, N. C. Gerhardt, L. Schnitzler, and M. J. Tranelis, “Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy,” 2019, doi: 10.1117/12.2509448."},"year":"2019","author":[{"last_name":"Neutsch","full_name":"Neutsch, Krisztian","first_name":"Krisztian"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X"},{"full_name":"Schnitzler, Lena","last_name":"Schnitzler","first_name":"Lena"},{"last_name":"Tranelis","full_name":"Tranelis, Marlon J.","first_name":"Marlon J."}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:02Z","date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:50:47Z","doi":"10.1117/12.2509448","title":"Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy","type":"conference","publication":"Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications","status":"public","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"_id":"64361","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"year":"2019","citation":{"ama":"Gerhardt NC, Žutić I, Lee J, et al. Semiconductor spin-lasers. In: Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications. ; 2019:499-540.","chicago":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, Igor Žutić, Jeongsu Lee, Christian Gøthgen, Junior Farla, Paulo E., Gaofeng Xu, and Guilherme M. Sipahi. “Semiconductor Spin-Lasers.” In Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications, 499–540, 2019.","ieee":"N. C. Gerhardt et al., “Semiconductor spin-lasers,” in Nanoscale spintronics and applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.","short":"N.C. Gerhardt, I. Žutić, J. Lee, C. Gøthgen, J. Farla, Paulo E., G. Xu, G.M. Sipahi, in: Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.","bibtex":"@inbook{Gerhardt_Žutić_Lee_Gøthgen_Farla, Paulo E._Xu_Sipahi_2019, title={Semiconductor spin-lasers}, booktitle={Nanoscale spintronics and applications}, author={Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Žutić, Igor and Lee, Jeongsu and Gøthgen, Christian and Farla, Paulo E., Junior and Xu, Gaofeng and Sipahi, Guilherme M.}, year={2019}, pages={499–540} }","mla":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, et al. “Semiconductor Spin-Lasers.” Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.","apa":"Gerhardt, N. C., Žutić, I., Lee, J., Gøthgen, C., Farla, Paulo E., J., Xu, G., & Sipahi, G. M. (2019). Semiconductor spin-lasers. In Nanoscale spintronics and applications (pp. 499–540)."},"page":"499 - 540","title":"Semiconductor spin-lasers","date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:51:03Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:02Z","author":[{"full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Igor","full_name":"Žutić, Igor","last_name":"Žutić"},{"first_name":"Jeongsu","full_name":"Lee, Jeongsu","last_name":"Lee"},{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Gøthgen, Christian","last_name":"Gøthgen"},{"first_name":"Junior","last_name":"Farla, Paulo E.","full_name":"Farla, Paulo E., Junior"},{"full_name":"Xu, Gaofeng","last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Gaofeng"},{"first_name":"Guilherme M.","full_name":"Sipahi, Guilherme M.","last_name":"Sipahi"}],"status":"public","type":"book_chapter","publication":"Nanoscale spintronics and applications","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64360","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}]}]