[{"publication":"Nature","abstract":[{"text":"Lasers have both ubiquitous applications and roles as model systems in which non-equilibrium and cooperative phenomena can be elucidated1. The introduction of novel concepts in laser operation thus has potential to lead to both new applications and fundamental insights2. Spintronics3, in which both the spin and the charge of the electron are used, has led to the development of spin-lasers, in which charge-carrier spin and photon spin are exploited. Here we show experimentally that the coupling between carrier spin and light polarization in common semiconductor lasers can enable room-temperature modulation frequencies above 200 gigahertz, exceeding by nearly an order of magnitude the best conventional semiconductor lasers. Surprisingly, this ultrafast operation of the resultant spin-laser relies on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large anisotropy of the refractive index, both of which are commonly viewed as detrimental in spintronics3 and conventional lasers4. Our results overcome the key speed limitations of conventional directly modulated lasers and offer a prospect for the next generation of low-energy ultrafast optical communication.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"7751","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2019","date_created":"2025-04-25T07:21:34Z","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","title":"Ultrafast spin-lasers","type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"59687","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"]},"publication_status":"published","page":"212-215","intvolume":"       568","citation":{"apa":"Lindemann, M., Xu, G., Pusch, T., Michalzik, R., Hofmann, M. R., Žutić, I., &#38; Gerhardt, N. C. (2019). Ultrafast spin-lasers. <i>Nature</i>, <i>568</i>(7751), 212–215. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Ultrafast Spin-Lasers.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7751, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019, pp. 212–15, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>.","short":"M. Lindemann, G. Xu, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, M.R. Hofmann, I. Žutić, N.C. Gerhardt, Nature 568 (2019) 212–215.","bibtex":"@article{Lindemann_Xu_Pusch_Michalzik_Hofmann_Žutić_Gerhardt_2019, title={Ultrafast spin-lasers}, volume={568}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>}, number={7751}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Xu, Gaofeng and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer and Hofmann, Martin R. and Žutić, Igor and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}, year={2019}, pages={212–215} }","ama":"Lindemann M, Xu G, Pusch T, et al. Ultrafast spin-lasers. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;568(7751):212-215. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Gaofeng Xu, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin R. Hofmann, Igor Žutić, and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Ultrafast Spin-Lasers.” <i>Nature</i> 568, no. 7751 (2019): 212–15. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>.","ieee":"M. Lindemann <i>et al.</i>, “Ultrafast spin-lasers,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7751, pp. 212–215, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y\">10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y</a>."},"volume":568,"author":[{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Gaofeng","last_name":"Xu","full_name":"Xu, Gaofeng"},{"full_name":"Pusch, Tobias","last_name":"Pusch","first_name":"Tobias"},{"last_name":"Michalzik","full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R."},{"last_name":"Žutić","full_name":"Žutić, Igor","first_name":"Igor"},{"id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt","first_name":"Nils Christopher"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-25T14:09:49Z","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y"},{"citation":{"apa":"Hofmann, M. R., Lenz, M., Krug, R., Gerhardt, N. C., Schmieder, K., Dillmann, C., &#38; Welp, H. (2018). Brain tissue analysis using texture features based on optical coherence tomography images. <i>Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032</a>","short":"M.R. Hofmann, M. Lenz, R. Krug, N.C. Gerhardt, K. Schmieder, C. Dillmann, H. Welp, in: Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII, 2018.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Hofmann_Lenz_Krug_Gerhardt_Schmieder_Dillmann_Welp_2018, title={Brain tissue analysis using texture features based on optical coherence tomography images}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">10.1117/12.2292032</a>}, booktitle={Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII}, author={Hofmann, Martin R. and Lenz, Marcel and Krug, Robin and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Schmieder, Kirsten and Dillmann, Christopher and Welp, Hubert}, year={2018} }","mla":"Hofmann, Martin R., et al. “Brain Tissue Analysis Using Texture Features Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Images.” <i>Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">10.1117/12.2292032</a>.","chicago":"Hofmann, Martin R., Marcel Lenz, Robin Krug, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Kirsten Schmieder, Christopher Dillmann, and Hubert Welp. “Brain Tissue Analysis Using Texture Features Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Images.” In <i>Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032</a>.","ieee":"M. R. Hofmann <i>et al.</i>, “Brain tissue analysis using texture features based on optical coherence tomography images,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">10.1117/12.2292032</a>.","ama":"Hofmann MR, Lenz M, Krug R, et al. Brain tissue analysis using texture features based on optical coherence tomography images. In: <i>Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292032\">10.1117/12.2292032</a>"},"year":"2018","author":[{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R."},{"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Lenz","full_name":"Lenz, Marcel"},{"last_name":"Krug","full_name":"Krug, Robin","first_name":"Robin"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"},{"last_name":"Schmieder","full_name":"Schmieder, Kirsten","first_name":"Kirsten"},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Dillmann","full_name":"Dillmann, Christopher"},{"first_name":"Hubert","full_name":"Welp, Hubert","last_name":"Welp"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:04Z","date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:45:03Z","doi":"10.1117/12.2292032","title":"Brain tissue analysis using texture features based on optical coherence tomography images","publication":"Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXII","type":"conference","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"64371","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"citation":{"ieee":"M. Lenz <i>et al.</i>, “Classification of brain tissue with optical coherence tomography by employing texture analysis,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">10.1117/12.2307701</a>.","chicago":"Lenz, Marcel, Robin Krug, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Kirsten Schmieder, Martin R. Hofmann, Christopher Dillmann, and Hubert Welp. “Classification of Brain Tissue with Optical Coherence Tomography by Employing Texture Analysis.” In <i>Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701</a>.","apa":"Lenz, M., Krug, R., Gerhardt, N. C., Schmieder, K., Hofmann, M. R., Dillmann, C., &#38; Welp, H. (2018). Classification of brain tissue with optical coherence tomography by employing texture analysis. <i>Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701</a>","ama":"Lenz M, Krug R, Gerhardt NC, et al. Classification of brain tissue with optical coherence tomography by employing texture analysis. In: <i>Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">10.1117/12.2307701</a>","short":"M. Lenz, R. Krug, N.C. Gerhardt, K. Schmieder, M.R. Hofmann, C. Dillmann, H. Welp, in: Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V, 2018.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lenz_Krug_Gerhardt_Schmieder_Hofmann_Dillmann_Welp_2018, title={Classification of brain tissue with optical coherence tomography by employing texture analysis}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">10.1117/12.2307701</a>}, booktitle={Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V}, author={Lenz, Marcel and Krug, Robin and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Schmieder, Kirsten and Hofmann, Martin R. and Dillmann, Christopher and Welp, Hubert}, year={2018} }","mla":"Lenz, Marcel, et al. “Classification of Brain Tissue with Optical Coherence Tomography by Employing Texture Analysis.” <i>Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307701\">10.1117/12.2307701</a>."},"year":"2018","doi":"10.1117/12.2307701","title":"Classification of brain tissue with optical coherence tomography by employing texture analysis","author":[{"first_name":"Marcel","full_name":"Lenz, Marcel","last_name":"Lenz"},{"last_name":"Krug","full_name":"Krug, Robin","first_name":"Robin"},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","full_name":"Schmieder, Kirsten","last_name":"Schmieder"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R."},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Dillmann","full_name":"Dillmann, Christopher"},{"first_name":"Hubert","full_name":"Welp, Hubert","last_name":"Welp"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:04Z","date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:45:18Z","status":"public","publication":"Optics, Photonics, and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications V","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"64372"},{"type":"conference","publication":"Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications","status":"public","_id":"64376","user_id":"15911","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2018","citation":{"short":"M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Finkeldey, L. Göring, in: Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2018.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Hofmann_Gerhardt_Finkeldey_Göring_2018, title={Digital holography for the investigation of buried structures with a common-path reflection microscope}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">10.1117/12.2289524</a>}, booktitle={Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications}, author={Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Finkeldey, Markus and Göring, Lena}, year={2018} }","mla":"Hofmann, Martin R., et al. “Digital Holography for the Investigation of Buried Structures with a Common-Path Reflection Microscope.” <i>Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">10.1117/12.2289524</a>.","apa":"Hofmann, M. R., Gerhardt, N. C., Finkeldey, M., &#38; Göring, L. (2018). Digital holography for the investigation of buried structures with a common-path reflection microscope. <i>Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524</a>","ieee":"M. R. Hofmann, N. C. Gerhardt, M. Finkeldey, and L. Göring, “Digital holography for the investigation of buried structures with a common-path reflection microscope,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">10.1117/12.2289524</a>.","chicago":"Hofmann, Martin R., Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Markus Finkeldey, and Lena Göring. “Digital Holography for the Investigation of Buried Structures with a Common-Path Reflection Microscope.” In <i>Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524</a>.","ama":"Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC, Finkeldey M, Göring L. Digital holography for the investigation of buried structures with a common-path reflection microscope. In: <i>Practical Holography XXXII: Displays, Materials, and Applications</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289524\">10.1117/12.2289524</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:45:31Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:04Z","author":[{"first_name":"Martin R.","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann"},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"full_name":"Finkeldey, Markus","last_name":"Finkeldey","first_name":"Markus"},{"last_name":"Göring","full_name":"Göring, Lena","first_name":"Lena"}],"title":"Digital holography for the investigation of buried structures with a common-path reflection microscope","doi":"10.1117/12.2289524"},{"date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:42:52Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:05Z","author":[{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann"},{"last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","id":"115298","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","first_name":"Nils Christopher"},{"first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R."},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Pusch","full_name":"Pusch, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer","last_name":"Michalzik","first_name":"Rainer"},{"last_name":"Scherübl","full_name":"Scherübl, Sebastian","first_name":"Sebastian"}],"title":"Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs - approaching the limits","doi":"10.1117/12.2306215","year":"2018","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Pusch_Michalzik_Scherübl_2018, title={Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs - approaching the limits}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">10.1117/12.2306215</a>}, booktitle={Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer and Scherübl, Sebastian}, year={2018} }","short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, S. Scherübl, in: Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII, 2018.","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Thermally-Induced Birefringence in VCSELs - Approaching the Limits.” <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">10.1117/12.2306215</a>.","apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Pusch, T., Michalzik, R., &#38; Scherübl, S. (2018). Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs - approaching the limits. <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215</a>","ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, Pusch T, Michalzik R, Scherübl S. Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs - approaching the limits. In: <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">10.1117/12.2306215</a>","ieee":"M. Lindemann, N. C. Gerhardt, M. R. Hofmann, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, and S. Scherübl, “Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs - approaching the limits,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">10.1117/12.2306215</a>.","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, and Sebastian Scherübl. “Thermally-Induced Birefringence in VCSELs - Approaching the Limits.” In <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215</a>."},"_id":"64379","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII","type":"conference","status":"public"},{"citation":{"short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, in: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII, 2018.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Pusch_Michalzik_2018, title={Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">10.1117/12.2289560</a>}, booktitle={Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer}, year={2018} }","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Demonstrating Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics in Spin-VCSELs.” <i>Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">10.1117/12.2289560</a>.","apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M., Pusch, T., &#38; Michalzik, R. (2018). Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs. <i>Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560</a>","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, and Rainer Michalzik. “Demonstrating Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics in Spin-VCSELs.” In <i>Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560</a>.","ieee":"M. Lindemann, N. C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, T. Pusch, and R. Michalzik, “Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">10.1117/12.2289560</a>.","ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann M, Pusch T, Michalzik R. Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs. In: <i>Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560\">10.1117/12.2289560</a>"},"year":"2018","date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:04Z","author":[{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","last_name":"Gerhardt","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"full_name":"Pusch, Tobias","last_name":"Pusch","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Rainer","last_name":"Michalzik","full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:45:46Z","doi":"10.1117/12.2289560","title":"Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs","publication":"Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXII","type":"conference","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911","_id":"64375","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"year":"2018","citation":{"apa":"Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Michalzik, R., &#38; Pusch, T. (2018). Spin lasers for optical data communication. <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Michalzik_Pusch_2018, title={Spin lasers for optical data communication}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">10.1117/12.2306464</a>}, booktitle={Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Michalzik, Rainer and Pusch, Tobias}, year={2018} }","short":"M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, R. Michalzik, T. Pusch, in: Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII, 2018.","mla":"Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Spin Lasers for Optical Data Communication.” <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">10.1117/12.2306464</a>.","ama":"Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, Michalzik R, Pusch T. Spin lasers for optical data communication. In: <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>. ; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">10.1117/12.2306464</a>","ieee":"M. Lindemann, N. C. Gerhardt, M. R. Hofmann, R. Michalzik, and T. Pusch, “Spin lasers for optical data communication,” 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">10.1117/12.2306464</a>.","chicago":"Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik, and Tobias Pusch. “Spin Lasers for Optical Data Communication.” In <i>Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464</a>."},"title":"Spin lasers for optical data communication","doi":"10.1117/12.2306464","date_updated":"2026-02-25T13:43:13Z","author":[{"full_name":"Lindemann, Markus","last_name":"Lindemann","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Nils Christopher","full_name":"Gerhardt, Nils Christopher","id":"115298","orcid":"0009-0002-5538-231X","last_name":"Gerhardt"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Martin R.","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Martin R."},{"last_name":"Michalzik","full_name":"Michalzik, Rainer","first_name":"Rainer"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Pusch, Tobias","last_name":"Pusch"}],"date_created":"2026-02-20T10:04:05Z","status":"public","publication":"Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics VIII","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64378","department":[{"_id":"977"}],"user_id":"15911"},{"year":"2018","citation":{"ieee":"M. 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