---
_id: '61932'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Substantial improvements in the performance of optical interconnects
based on multi-mode fibers are required to support emerging single-channel data
transmission rates of 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s. Future optical components must combine
very high modulation bandwidths—supporting signaling at 100 Gbaud and 200 Gbaud—with
reduced spectral width to mitigate chromatic-dispersion-induced pulse broadening
and increased brightness to further restrict flux-confining area in multi-mode
fibers and thereby increase the effective modal bandwidth (EMB). A particularly
promising route to improved performance within standard oxide-confined VCSEL technology
is the introduction of multiple isolated or optically coupled oxide-confined apertures,
which we refer to collectively as multi-aperture (MA) VCSEL arrays. We show that
properly designed MA VCSELs exhibit narrow emission spectra, narrow far-field
profiles and extended intrinsic modulation bandwidths, enabling longer-reach data
transmission over both multi-mode (MMF) and single-mode fibers (SMF). One approach
uses optically isolated apertures with lateral dimensions of approximately 2–3
µm arranged with a pitch of 10–12 µm or less. Such devices demonstrate relaxation
oscillation frequencies of around 30 GHz in continuous-wave operation and intrinsic
modulation bandwidths approaching 50 GHz. Compared with a conventional single-aperture
VCSELs of equivalent oxide-confined area, MA designs can reduce the spectral width
(root mean square values < 0.15 nm), lower series resistance (≈50 Ω) and limit
junction overheating through more efficient multi-spot heat dissipation at the
same total current. As each aperture lases in a single transverse mode, these
devices exhibit narrow far-field patterns. In combination with well-defined spacing
between emitting spots, they permit tailored restricted launch conditions in MMFs,
enhancing effective modal bandwidth. In another MA approach, the apertures are
optically coupled such that self-injection locking (SIL) leads to lasing in a
single supermode. One may regard one of the supermodes as acting as a master mode
controlling the other one. Streak-camera studies reveal post-pulse oscillations
in the SIL regime at frequencies up to 100 GHz. MA VCSELs enable a favorable combination
of wavelength chirp and chromatic dispersion, extending transmission distances
over MMFs beyond those expected for zero-chirp sources and supporting transfer
bandwidths up to 60 GHz over kilometer-length SMF links.
article_number: '1037'
author:
- first_name: Nikolay N.
full_name: Ledentsov, Nikolay N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: Nikolay
full_name: Ledentsov, Nikolay
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: Vitaly A.
full_name: Shchukin, Vitaly A.
last_name: Shchukin
- first_name: Alexander N.
full_name: Ledentsov, Alexander N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: Oleg Yu.
full_name: Makarov, Oleg Yu.
last_name: Makarov
- first_name: Ilya E.
full_name: Titkov, Ilya E.
last_name: Titkov
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: de Adelsburg Ettmayer, Thomas
last_name: de Adelsburg Ettmayer
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Xin
full_name: Chen, Xin
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Jason E.
full_name: Hurley, Jason E.
last_name: Hurley
- first_name: Hao
full_name: Dong, Hao
last_name: Dong
- first_name: Ming-Jun
full_name: Li, Ming-Jun
last_name: Li
citation:
ama: 'Ledentsov NN, Ledentsov N, Shchukin VA, et al. VCSELs: Influence of Design
on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers. Photonics.
2025;12(10). doi:10.3390/photonics12101037'
apa: 'Ledentsov, N. N., Ledentsov, N., Shchukin, V. A., Ledentsov, A. N., Makarov,
O. Yu., Titkov, I. E., Lindemann, M., de Adelsburg Ettmayer, T., Gerhardt, N.
C., Hofmann, M. R., Chen, X., Hurley, J. E., Dong, H., & Li, M.-J. (2025).
VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode
and Single-Mode Fibers. Photonics, 12(10), Article 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12101037'
bibtex: '@article{Ledentsov_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Ledentsov_Makarov_Titkov_Lindemann_de
Adelsburg Ettmayer_Gerhardt_Hofmann_et al._2025, title={VCSELs: Influence of Design
on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers},
volume={12}, DOI={10.3390/photonics12101037},
number={101037}, journal={Photonics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Ledentsov,
Nikolay N. and Ledentsov, Nikolay and Shchukin, Vitaly A. and Ledentsov, Alexander
N. and Makarov, Oleg Yu. and Titkov, Ilya E. and Lindemann, Markus and de Adelsburg
Ettmayer, Thomas and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and et
al.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Ledentsov, Nikolay N., Nikolay Ledentsov, Vitaly A. Shchukin, Alexander
N. Ledentsov, Oleg Yu. Makarov, Ilya E. Titkov, Markus Lindemann, et al. “VCSELs:
Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode
Fibers.” Photonics 12, no. 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12101037.'
ieee: 'N. N. Ledentsov et al., “VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance
and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers,” Photonics,
vol. 12, no. 10, Art. no. 1037, 2025, doi: 10.3390/photonics12101037.'
mla: 'Ledentsov, Nikolay N., et al. “VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance
and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers.” Photonics,
vol. 12, no. 10, 1037, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:10.3390/photonics12101037.'
short: N.N. Ledentsov, N. Ledentsov, V.A. Shchukin, A.N. Ledentsov, O.Yu. Makarov,
I.E. Titkov, M. Lindemann, T. de Adelsburg Ettmayer, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann,
X. Chen, J.E. Hurley, H. Dong, M.-J. Li, Photonics 12 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-23T10:59:59Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T12:39:12Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.3390/photonics12101037
intvolume: ' 12'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2304-6732
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: 'VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode
and Single-Mode Fibers'
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 12
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61931'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recent research revealed that single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting
lasers under spin injection (spin-VCSELs) have the potential to revolutionize
laser technology for short-haul optical communications. While previous studies
have focused solely on single-mode operation, this study introduces multimode
spin-VCSELs. We experimentally demonstrate the existence of multi-resonant polarization
dynamics when spin is injected, a phenomenon previously unobserved. The development
opens the door to significantly faster and more efficient optical communication
systems by harnessing the collective behavior of multiple laser modes. Furthermore,
we lay the groundwork for understanding multimode operation through the extension
of the single-mode spin–flip model, which forms the basis for present and future
analyses of multimode spin-laser operation. This work is an important step toward
realizing the full potential of spin-VCSELs and, thus, enables significantly improved
performance of spin-VCSEL-based optical networks in the future.
article_number: '106120'
author:
- first_name: Uliana
full_name: Diiankova, Uliana
last_name: Diiankova
- first_name: Mariusz
full_name: Drong, Mariusz
last_name: Drong
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Pusch, Tobias
last_name: Pusch
- first_name: Rainer
full_name: Michalzik, Rainer
last_name: Michalzik
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
citation:
ama: Diiankova U, Drong M, Pusch T, et al. Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting
lasers under spin injection. APL Photonics. 2025;10(10). doi:10.1063/5.0286998
apa: Diiankova, U., Drong, M., Pusch, T., Michalzik, R., Lindemann, M., Gerhardt,
N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2025). Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting
lasers under spin injection. APL Photonics, 10(10), Article 106120.
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0286998
bibtex: '@article{Diiankova_Drong_Pusch_Michalzik_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2025,
title={Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection},
volume={10}, DOI={10.1063/5.0286998},
number={10106120}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Diiankova,
Uliana and Drong, Mariusz and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer and Lindemann,
Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Diiankova, Uliana, Mariusz Drong, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Markus
Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin R. Hofmann. “Multimode Vertical-Cavity
Surface-Emitting Lasers under Spin Injection.” APL Photonics 10, no. 10
(2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0286998.
ieee: 'U. Diiankova et al., “Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
under spin injection,” APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 10, Art. no. 106120,
2025, doi: 10.1063/5.0286998.'
mla: Diiankova, Uliana, et al. “Multimode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
under Spin Injection.” APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 10, 106120, AIP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.1063/5.0286998.
short: U. Diiankova, M. Drong, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt,
M.R. Hofmann, APL Photonics 10 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-23T10:52:59Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T12:39:00Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1063/5.0286998
intvolume: ' 10'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: APL Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2378-0967
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
status: public
title: Multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under spin injection
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 10
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '64551'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs)
can exhibit additional resonances at high modulation frequencies that can substantially
increase the laser’s modulation bandwidth. State-of-the-art laterally coupled
devices require non-standard manufacturing technology and precise tuning of the
currents supplied to each cavity separately to form optical supermodes suitable
for such resonances. Here, we report on a novel switching phenomenon in laterally
coupled VCSEL structures having only a single common electric contact and manufactured
in a standard oxide-confined VCSEL geometry. At lower currents, they can be operated
in a weakly coupled (WCR) regime and, at higher currents, in an injection-locked
(IL) regime, enabling fundamentally different spectral and dynamic features. In
the WCR, both optical supermodes lase and a narrow tunable plasma-assisted peak
at their beating frequency is observed for each of the apertures, with a current-dependent
frequency tuning and anti-phase intensity oscillations in each of the cavities.
In contrast, in the IL regimes, only one (anti-symmetric) supermode lases. This
adds a broader resonance to the modulation response while the intensity oscillations
in both cavities are in-phase. Only the IL regime can result in increased modulation
bandwidth of the system. Measurements of the pulse responses and continuous modulation
up to 70 GHz for both operational regimes are presented and compared with simulations
of our distributed rate equation model whose parameters are extracted from full-wave
electromagnetic simulations of the device, including the temperature distribution
in the device. Excellent agreement is found and enables comprehensive understanding
of the dynamics of supermodes in oxide-confined coupled cavity VCSELs.
article_number: '053102'
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Lindemann, M.
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: M.
full_name: D’Alessandro, M.
last_name: D’Alessandro
- first_name: N.
full_name: Ledentsov, N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: O. Y.
full_name: Makarov, O. Y.
last_name: Makarov
- first_name: N. N.
full_name: Ledentsov, N. N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: A.
full_name: Tibaldi, A.
last_name: Tibaldi
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: M. R.
full_name: Hofmann, M. R.
last_name: Hofmann
citation:
ama: Lindemann M, D’Alessandro M, Ledentsov N, et al. Laterally coupled vertical-cavity
surface-emitting lasers with tunable resonance width and frequency.
Journal of Applied Physics. 2025;138(5). doi:10.1063/5.0275622
apa: Lindemann, M., D’Alessandro, M., Ledentsov, N., Makarov, O. Y., Ledentsov,
N. N., Tibaldi, A., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2025). Laterally coupled
vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with tunable resonance
width and frequency. Journal of Applied Physics, 138(5), Article
053102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622
bibtex: '@article{Lindemann_D’Alessandro_Ledentsov_Makarov_Ledentsov_Tibaldi_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2025,
title={Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with
tunable resonance width and frequency}, volume={138}, DOI={10.1063/5.0275622},
number={5053102}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing},
author={Lindemann, M. and D’Alessandro, M. and Ledentsov, N. and Makarov, O. Y.
and Ledentsov, N. N. and Tibaldi, A. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann,
M. R.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Lindemann, M., M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O. Y. Makarov, N. N. Ledentsov,
A. Tibaldi, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and M. R. Hofmann. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity
Surface-Emitting Lasers with Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.”
Journal of Applied Physics 138, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622.
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting
lasers with tunable resonance width and frequency,” Journal
of Applied Physics, vol. 138, no. 5, Art. no. 053102, 2025, doi: 10.1063/5.0275622.'
mla: Lindemann, M., et al. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
with Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.” Journal of
Applied Physics, vol. 138, no. 5, 053102, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1063/5.0275622.
short: M. Lindemann, M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O.Y. Makarov, N.N. Ledentsov,
A. Tibaldi, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, Journal of Applied Physics 138 (2025).
date_created: 2026-02-20T11:11:12Z
date_updated: 2026-02-20T11:15:05Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1063/5.0275622
intvolume: ' 138'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Applied Physics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8979
- 1089-7550
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
status: public
title: Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with tunable
resonance width and frequency
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 138
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '64293'
author:
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Leon
full_name: Zens, Leon
last_name: Zens
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Möller, Jens
last_name: Möller
- first_name: Vira
full_name: Besaga, Vira
last_name: Besaga
citation:
ama: 'Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, Zens L, Möller J, Besaga V. Quantitative holography
for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers. In: Practical
Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications. ; 2025. doi:10.1117/12.3041318'
apa: 'Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Zens, L., Möller, J., & Besaga, V. (2025).
Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres
and lasers. Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041318'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Gerhardt_Hofmann_Zens_Möller_Besaga_2025, title={Quantitative
holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers},
DOI={10.1117/12.3041318}, booktitle={Practical
Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications}, author={Gerhardt, Nils
Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Zens, Leon and Möller, Jens and Besaga,
Vira}, year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, Martin R. Hofmann, Leon Zens, Jens Möller,
and Vira Besaga. “Quantitative Holography for the Characterisation of Semiconductor
Amplifieres and Lasers.” In Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials,
and Applications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041318.'
ieee: 'N. C. Gerhardt, M. R. Hofmann, L. Zens, J. Möller, and V. Besaga, “Quantitative
holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres and lasers,”
2025, doi: 10.1117/12.3041318.'
mla: 'Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, et al. “Quantitative Holography for the Characterisation
of Semiconductor Amplifieres and Lasers.” Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays,
Materials, and Applications, 2025, doi:10.1117/12.3041318.'
short: 'N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, L. Zens, J. Möller, V. Besaga, in: Practical
Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2025.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:50Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T09:34:37Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1117/12.3041318
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 'Practical Holography XXXIX: Displays, Materials, and Applications'
status: public
title: Quantitative holography for the characterisation of semiconductor amplifieres
and lasers
type: conference
user_id: '15911'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '64550'
author:
- first_name: Leon
full_name: Zens, Leon
last_name: Zens
- first_name: Vira
full_name: Besaga, Vira
last_name: Besaga
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Möller, Jens
last_name: Möller
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Hofmann, Martin
last_name: Hofmann
citation:
ama: Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann M. Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics
Express. Published online 2024. doi:10.1364/oe.538741
apa: Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. (2024).
Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides. Optics Express. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741
bibtex: '@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, journal={Optics
Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga,
Vira and Möller, Jens and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin}, year={2024}
}'
chicago: Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin
Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in
Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741.
ieee: 'L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. Hofmann, “Holographic
measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,”
Optics Express, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.'
mla: Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement
Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, Optica Publishing
Group, 2024, doi:10.1364/oe.538741.
short: L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, Optics Express
(2024).
date_created: 2026-02-20T11:10:34Z
date_updated: 2026-02-20T11:14:32Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1364/oe.538741
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Optics Express
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1094-4087
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64585'
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Pambiang Abel
full_name: Dainone, Pambiang Abel
last_name: Dainone
- first_name: Pierre
full_name: Renucci, Pierre
last_name: Renucci
- first_name: Alexandre
full_name: Bouché, Alexandre
last_name: Bouché
- first_name: Martina
full_name: Morassi, Martina
last_name: Morassi
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Devaux, Xavier
last_name: Devaux
- first_name: Jean-Marie
full_name: George, Jean-Marie
last_name: George
- first_name: Henri
full_name: Jaffrès, Henri
last_name: Jaffrès
- first_name: Aristide
full_name: Lemaitre, Aristide
last_name: Lemaitre
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Xu, Bo
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Mathieu
full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Tongxin
full_name: Chen, Tongxin
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Laurent
full_name: Lombez, Laurent
last_name: Lombez
- first_name: Delphine
full_name: Lagarde, Delphine
last_name: Lagarde
- first_name: Guangwei
full_name: Cong, Guangwei
last_name: Cong
- first_name: Tianyi
full_name: Ma, Tianyi
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Philippe
full_name: Pigeat, Philippe
last_name: Pigeat
- first_name: Michel
full_name: Vergnat, Michel
last_name: Vergnat
- first_name: Hervé
full_name: Rinnert, Hervé
last_name: Rinnert
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Marie, Xavier
last_name: Marie
- first_name: Xiufeng
full_name: Han, Xiufeng
last_name: Han
- first_name: Stephane
full_name: Mangin, Stephane
last_name: Mangin
- first_name: Juan-Carlos
full_name: Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos
last_name: Rojas-Sánchez
- first_name: Jian-Ping
full_name: Wang, Jian-Ping
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Matthew C.
full_name: Beard, Matthew C.
last_name: Beard
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Nicholas
full_name: Figueiredo Prestes, Nicholas
last_name: Figueiredo Prestes
- first_name: Yuan
full_name: Lu, Yuan
last_name: Lu
citation:
ama: Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Dainone PA, et al. Controlling the helicity of light
by electrical magnetization switching. Nature. 2024;627(8005):783-788.
doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
apa: Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Dainone, P. A., Renucci, P., Bouché, A., Morassi,
M., Devaux, X., George, J.-M., Jaffrès, H., Lemaitre, A., Xu, B., Stoffel, M.,
Chen, T., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Cong, G., Ma, T., Pigeat, P., Vergnat, M.,
… Lu, Y. (2024). Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching. Nature, 627(8005), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
bibtex: '@article{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Dainone_Renucci_Bouché_Morassi_Devaux_George_Jaffrès_Lemaitre_et
al._2024, title={Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching}, volume={627}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5},
number={8005}, journal={Nature}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils
Christopher and Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Renucci, Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre
and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri
and Lemaitre, Aristide and et al.}, year={2024}, pages={783–788} }'
chicago: 'Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Pambiang Abel Dainone, Pierre
Renucci, Alexandre Bouché, Martina Morassi, Xavier Devaux, et al. “Controlling
the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature 627,
no. 8005 (2024): 783–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Controlling the helicity of light by electrical
magnetization switching,” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 783–788, 2024,
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
mla: Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical
Magnetization Switching.” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, 2024, pp. 783–88,
doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.
short: M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, P.A. Dainone, P. Renucci, A. Bouché, M. Morassi,
X. Devaux, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, A. Lemaitre, B. Xu, M. Stoffel, T. Chen,
L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, G. Cong, T. Ma, P. Pigeat, M. Vergnat, H. Rinnert, X. Marie,
X. Han, S. Mangin, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, J.-P. Wang, M.C. Beard, I. Žutić, N. Figueiredo
Prestes, Y. Lu, Nature 627 (2024) 783–788.
date_created: 2026-02-23T10:06:13Z
date_updated: 2026-02-23T13:10:16Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
intvolume: ' 627'
issue: '8005'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 783 - 788
publication: Nature
status: public
title: Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 627
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64549'
author:
- first_name: Leon
full_name: Zens, Leon
last_name: Zens
- first_name: Vira
full_name: Besaga, Vira
last_name: Besaga
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Möller, Jens
last_name: Möller
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Hofmann, Martin
last_name: Hofmann
citation:
ama: Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann M. Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics
Express. Published online 2024. doi:10.1364/oe.538741
apa: Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. (2024).
Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides. Optics Express. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741
bibtex: '@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, journal={Optics
Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga,
Vira and Möller, Jens and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin}, year={2024}
}'
chicago: Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin
Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor in
Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741.
ieee: 'L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. Hofmann, “Holographic
measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,”
Optics Express, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.'
mla: Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement
Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, Optica Publishing
Group, 2024, doi:10.1364/oe.538741.
short: L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Hofmann, Optics Express
(2024).
date_created: 2026-02-20T11:09:40Z
date_updated: 2026-02-23T13:06:50Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1364/oe.538741
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Optics Express
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1094-4087
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64296'
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: N. N.
full_name: Ledentsov, N. N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: V. A.
full_name: Shchukin, V. A.
last_name: Shchukin
- first_name: O. Y.
full_name: Makarov, O. Y.
last_name: Makarov
- first_name: V.
full_name: Zerova, V.
last_name: Zerova
- first_name: M.
full_name: D’alessandro, M.
last_name: D’alessandro
- first_name: A.
full_name: Tibaldi, A.
last_name: Tibaldi
- first_name: J. P.
full_name: Turkiewicz, J. P.
last_name: Turkiewicz
citation:
ama: 'Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, et al. Study of Electrically Excited
Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs. In: 2024
IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC). ; 2024. doi:10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381'
apa: Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Ledentsov, N. N., Shchukin,
V. A., Makarov, O. Y., Zerova, V., D’alessandro, M., Tibaldi, A., & Turkiewicz,
J. P. (2024). Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked
Coupled-Cavity VCSELs. 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference
(ISLC). https://doi.org/10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Makarov_Zerova_D’alessandro_Tibaldi_Turkiewicz_2024,
title={Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked
Coupled-Cavity VCSELs}, DOI={10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381},
booktitle={2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC)},
author={Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R.
and Ledentsov, N. N. and Shchukin, V. A. and Makarov, O. Y. and Zerova, V. and
D’alessandro, M. and Tibaldi, A. and Turkiewicz, J. P.}, year={2024} }'
chicago: Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, N. N.
Ledentsov, V. A. Shchukin, O. Y. Makarov, V. Zerova, M. D’alessandro, A. Tibaldi,
and J. P. Turkiewicz. “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances
in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs.” In 2024 IEEE 29th International
Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon
Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs,” 2024, doi: 10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.'
mla: Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances
in Self-Injection-Locked Coupled-Cavity VCSELs.” 2024 IEEE 29th International
Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024, doi:10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381.
short: 'M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N.N. Ledentsov, V.A. Shchukin,
O.Y. Makarov, V. Zerova, M. D’alessandro, A. Tibaldi, J.P. Turkiewicz, in: 2024
IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2024.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:50Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T14:00:00Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1109/islc57752.2024.10717381
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 2024 IEEE 29th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC)
status: public
title: Study of Electrically Excited Photon-Photon Resonances in Self-Injection-Locked
Coupled-Cavity VCSELs
type: conference
user_id: '15911'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64295'
author:
- first_name: Leon
full_name: Zens, Leon
last_name: Zens
- first_name: Vira
full_name: Besaga, Vira
last_name: Besaga
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Möller, Jens
last_name: Möller
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
citation:
ama: Zens L, Besaga V, Möller J, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR. Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides. Optics
express. 2024;33(1):34-49. doi:10.1364/oe.538741
apa: Zens, L., Besaga, V., Möller, J., Gerhardt, N. C., & Hofmann, M. R. (2024).
Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides. Optics Express, 33(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741
bibtex: '@article{Zens_Besaga_Möller_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2024, title={Holographic measurement
of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides}, volume={33},
DOI={10.1364/oe.538741}, number={1},
journal={Optics express}, author={Zens, Leon and Besaga, Vira and Möller, Jens
and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R.}, year={2024}, pages={34–49}
}'
chicago: 'Zens, Leon, Vira Besaga, Jens Möller, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and Martin
R. Hofmann. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement Factor
in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express 33, no. 1 (2024): 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.538741.'
ieee: 'L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. R. Hofmann, “Holographic
measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor waveguides,”
Optics express, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 34–49, 2024, doi: 10.1364/oe.538741.'
mla: Zens, Leon, et al. “Holographic Measurement of Gain and Linewidth Enhancement
Factor in Semiconductor Waveguides.” Optics Express, vol. 33, no. 1, 2024,
pp. 34–49, doi:10.1364/oe.538741.
short: L. Zens, V. Besaga, J. Möller, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, Optics Express
33 (2024) 34–49.
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:50Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T14:00:34Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1364/oe.538741
intvolume: ' 33'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 34 - 49
publication: Optics express
status: public
title: Holographic measurement of gain and linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor
waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 33
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59663'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis
of transferring and processing information1. By contrast, robust information storage
and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier
and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets2. The missing link between the
respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate
the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by
electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link
is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting
diodes2,3,4,5,6,7, through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons
and ferromagnets. With spin–orbit torque8,9,10,11, a charge current generates
also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines
the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer
of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization
of the emitted light2. The spin–photon conversion with the nonvolatile control
of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing
and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled
ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization
dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology12, including
space–light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures
or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for
quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as
well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pambiang Abel
full_name: Dainone, Pambiang Abel
last_name: Dainone
- first_name: Nicholas Figueiredo
full_name: Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo
last_name: Prestes
- first_name: Pierre
full_name: Renucci, Pierre
last_name: Renucci
- first_name: Alexandre
full_name: Bouché, Alexandre
last_name: Bouché
- first_name: Martina
full_name: Morassi, Martina
last_name: Morassi
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Devaux, Xavier
last_name: Devaux
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Jean-Marie
full_name: George, Jean-Marie
last_name: George
- first_name: Henri
full_name: Jaffrès, Henri
last_name: Jaffrès
- first_name: Aristide
full_name: Lemaitre, Aristide
last_name: Lemaitre
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Xu, Bo
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Mathieu
full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Tongxin
full_name: Chen, Tongxin
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Laurent
full_name: Lombez, Laurent
last_name: Lombez
- first_name: Delphine
full_name: Lagarde, Delphine
last_name: Lagarde
- first_name: Guangwei
full_name: Cong, Guangwei
last_name: Cong
- first_name: Tianyi
full_name: Ma, Tianyi
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Philippe
full_name: Pigeat, Philippe
last_name: Pigeat
- first_name: Michel
full_name: Vergnat, Michel
last_name: Vergnat
- first_name: Hervé
full_name: Rinnert, Hervé
last_name: Rinnert
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Marie, Xavier
last_name: Marie
- first_name: Xiufeng
full_name: Han, Xiufeng
last_name: Han
- first_name: Stephane
full_name: Mangin, Stephane
last_name: Mangin
- first_name: Juan-Carlos
full_name: Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos
last_name: Rojas-Sánchez
- first_name: Jian-Ping
full_name: Wang, Jian-Ping
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Matthew C.
full_name: Beard, Matthew C.
last_name: Beard
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Yuan
full_name: Lu, Yuan
last_name: Lu
citation:
ama: Dainone PA, Prestes NF, Renucci P, et al. Controlling the helicity of light
by electrical magnetization switching. Nature. 2024;627(8005):783-788.
doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
apa: Dainone, P. A., Prestes, N. F., Renucci, P., Bouché, A., Morassi, M., Devaux,
X., Lindemann, M., George, J.-M., Jaffrès, H., Lemaitre, A., Xu, B., Stoffel,
M., Chen, T., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Cong, G., Ma, T., Pigeat, P., Vergnat,
M., … Lu, Y. (2024). Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching. Nature, 627(8005), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
bibtex: '@article{Dainone_Prestes_Renucci_Bouché_Morassi_Devaux_Lindemann_George_Jaffrès_Lemaitre_et
al._2024, title={Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching}, volume={627}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5},
number={8005}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
LLC}, author={Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo and Renucci,
Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and Lindemann,
Markus and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri and Lemaitre, Aristide and et
al.}, year={2024}, pages={783–788} }'
chicago: 'Dainone, Pambiang Abel, Nicholas Figueiredo Prestes, Pierre Renucci, Alexandre
Bouché, Martina Morassi, Xavier Devaux, Markus Lindemann, et al. “Controlling
the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature 627,
no. 8005 (2024): 783–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
ieee: 'P. A. Dainone et al., “Controlling the helicity of light by electrical
magnetization switching,” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 783–788, 2024,
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
mla: Dainone, Pambiang Abel, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical
Magnetization Switching.” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, Springer Science
and Business Media LLC, 2024, pp. 783–88, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.
short: P.A. Dainone, N.F. Prestes, P. Renucci, A. Bouché, M. Morassi, X. Devaux,
M. Lindemann, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, A. Lemaitre, B. Xu, M. Stoffel, T. Chen,
L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, G. Cong, T. Ma, P. Pigeat, M. Vergnat, H. Rinnert, X. Marie,
X. Han, S. Mangin, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, J.-P. Wang, M.C. Beard, N.C. Gerhardt,
I. Žutić, Y. Lu, Nature 627 (2024) 783–788.
date_created: 2025-04-23T13:27:27Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T14:10:20Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 627'
issue: '8005'
keyword:
- Lasers
- LEDs and light sources
- Spintronics
language:
- iso: eng
page: 783-788
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 627
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64298'
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: N.
full_name: Ledentsov, N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: N. N.
full_name: Ledentsov, N. N.
last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: V. A.
full_name: Shchukin, V. A.
last_name: Shchukin
- first_name: Ł.
full_name: Chorchos, Ł.
last_name: Chorchos
- first_name: O. Yu
full_name: Makarov, O. Yu
last_name: Makarov
- first_name: J. R.
full_name: Kropp, J. R.
last_name: Kropp
- first_name: I. E.
full_name: Titkov, I. E.
last_name: Titkov
- first_name: V. P.
full_name: Kalosha, V. P.
last_name: Kalosha
- first_name: V.
full_name: Zerova, V.
last_name: Zerova
- first_name: M.
full_name: D’Alessandro, M.
last_name: D’Alessandro
- first_name: V.
full_name: Torrelli, V.
last_name: Torrelli
- first_name: A.
full_name: Tibaldi, A.
last_name: Tibaldi
- first_name: P.
full_name: Debernardi, P.
last_name: Debernardi
citation:
ama: 'Lindemann M, Gerhardt NC, Hofmann MR, et al. Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity
VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation. In: Vertical-Cavity
Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII. ; 2024. doi:10.1117/12.3001177'
apa: Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Ledentsov, N., Ledentsov, N.
N., Shchukin, V. A., Chorchos, Ł., Makarov, O. Y., Kropp, J. R., Titkov, I. E.,
Kalosha, V. P., Zerova, V., D’Alessandro, M., Torrelli, V., Tibaldi, A., &
Debernardi, P. (2024). Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency
photon-photon resonance modulation. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
XXVIII. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001177
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Ledentsov_Ledentsov_Shchukin_Chorchos_Makarov_Kropp_Titkov_et
al._2024, title={Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency
photon-photon resonance modulation}, DOI={10.1117/12.3001177},
booktitle={Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII}, author={Lindemann,
Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Ledentsov, N.
and Ledentsov, N. N. and Shchukin, V. A. and Chorchos, Ł. and Makarov, O. Yu and
Kropp, J. R. and Titkov, I. E. and et al.}, year={2024} }'
chicago: Lindemann, Markus, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, N. Ledentsov,
N. N. Ledentsov, V. A. Shchukin, Ł. Chorchos, et al. “Analysis of Laterally-Coupled-Cavity
VCSELs for Ultra-High-Frequency Photon-Photon Resonance Modulation.” In Vertical-Cavity
Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001177.
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs
for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon resonance modulation,” 2024, doi: 10.1117/12.3001177.'
mla: Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Analysis of Laterally-Coupled-Cavity VCSELs for
Ultra-High-Frequency Photon-Photon Resonance Modulation.” Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting
Lasers XXVIII, 2024, doi:10.1117/12.3001177.
short: 'M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N. Ledentsov, N.N. Ledentsov,
V.A. Shchukin, Ł. Chorchos, O.Y. Makarov, J.R. Kropp, I.E. Titkov, V.P. Kalosha,
V. Zerova, M. D’Alessandro, V. Torrelli, A. Tibaldi, P. Debernardi, in: Vertical-Cavity
Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII, 2024.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:51Z
date_updated: 2026-02-26T08:32:54Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1117/12.3001177
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII
status: public
title: Analysis of laterally-coupled-cavity VCSELs for ultra-high-frequency photon-photon
resonance modulation
type: conference
user_id: '15911'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64302'
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Natalie
full_name: Jung, Natalie
last_name: Jung
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Nicolas
full_name: Manrique‐Nieto, Nicolas
last_name: Manrique‐Nieto
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Pusch, Tobias
last_name: Pusch
- first_name: Rainer
full_name: Michalzik, Rainer
last_name: Michalzik
citation:
ama: Lindemann M, Jung N, Gerhardt NC, et al. Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs
with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting. Electronics
letters. 2023;59(13). doi:10.1049/ell2.12827
apa: Lindemann, M., Jung, N., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Manrique‐Nieto, N.,
Pusch, T., & Michalzik, R. (2023). Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with
integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting. Electronics Letters,
59(13). https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12827
bibtex: '@article{Lindemann_Jung_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Manrique‐Nieto_Pusch_Michalzik_2023,
title={Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for
high birefringence splitting}, volume={59}, DOI={10.1049/ell2.12827},
number={13}, journal={Electronics letters}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Jung,
Natalie and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Manrique‐Nieto,
Nicolas and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Lindemann, Markus, Natalie Jung, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann,
Nicolas Manrique‐Nieto, Tobias Pusch, and Rainer Michalzik. “Polarization Dynamics
in Spin‐VCSELs with Integrated Surface Grating for High Birefringence Splitting.”
Electronics Letters 59, no. 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12827.
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated
surface grating for high birefringence splitting,” Electronics letters,
vol. 59, no. 13, 2023, doi: 10.1049/ell2.12827.'
mla: Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Polarization Dynamics in Spin‐VCSELs with Integrated
Surface Grating for High Birefringence Splitting.” Electronics Letters,
vol. 59, no. 13, 2023, doi:10.1049/ell2.12827.
short: M. Lindemann, N. Jung, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, N. Manrique‐Nieto, T.
Pusch, R. Michalzik, Electronics Letters 59 (2023).
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:51Z
date_updated: 2026-02-26T07:49:59Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1049/ell2.12827
intvolume: ' 59'
issue: '13'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Electronics letters
status: public
title: Polarization dynamics in spin‐VCSELs with integrated surface grating for high
birefringence splitting
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 59
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '59668'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: AbstractSpin‐controlled lasers are highly
interesting photonic devices and have been shown to provide ultrafast polarization
dynamics in excess of 200 GHz. In contrast to conventional semiconductor lasers
their temporal properties are not limited by the intensity dynamics, but are governed
primarily by the interaction of the spin dynamics with the birefringent mode splitting
that determines the polarization oscillation frequency. Another class of modern
semiconductor lasers are high‐β emitters, which benefit
from enhanced light–matter interaction due to strong mode confinement in low‐mode‐volume
microcavities. In such structures, the emission properties can be tailored by
the resonator geometry to realize for instance bimodal emission behavior in slightly
elliptical micropillar cavities. This attractive feature is utilized to demonstrate
and explore spin‐lasing effects in bimodal high‐β quantum
dot micropillar lasers. The studied microlasers with a β‐factor
of 4% show spin‐laser effects with experimental polarization oscillation frequencies
up to 15 GHz and predicted frequencies up to about 100 GHz, which are controlled
by the ellipticity of the resonator. These results reveal appealing prospects
for very compact, ultrafast, and energy‐efficient spin‐lasers and can pave the
way for future purely electrically injected spin‐lasers enabled by short injection
path lengths.
author:
- first_name: Niels
full_name: Heermeier, Niels
last_name: Heermeier
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Heuser, Tobias
last_name: Heuser
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Große, Jan
last_name: Große
- first_name: Natalie
full_name: Jung, Natalie
last_name: Jung
- first_name: Arsenty
full_name: Kaganskiy, Arsenty
last_name: Kaganskiy
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Stephan
full_name: Reitzenstein, Stephan
last_name: Reitzenstein
citation:
ama: Heermeier N, Heuser T, Große J, et al. Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar
Cavities. Laser & Photonics Reviews. 2022;16(4). doi:10.1002/lpor.202100585
apa: Heermeier, N., Heuser, T., Große, J., Jung, N., Kaganskiy, A., Lindemann, M.,
Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., & Reitzenstein, S. (2022). Spin‐Lasing in
Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities. Laser & Photonics Reviews,
16(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100585
bibtex: '@article{Heermeier_Heuser_Große_Jung_Kaganskiy_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Reitzenstein_2022,
title={Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities}, volume={16},
DOI={10.1002/lpor.202100585},
number={4}, journal={Laser & Photonics Reviews}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heermeier,
Niels and Heuser, Tobias and Große, Jan and Jung, Natalie and Kaganskiy, Arsenty
and Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and
Reitzenstein, Stephan}, year={2022} }'
chicago: Heermeier, Niels, Tobias Heuser, Jan Große, Natalie Jung, Arsenty Kaganskiy,
Markus Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, and Stephan Reitzenstein.
“Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities.” Laser &
Photonics Reviews 16, no. 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100585.
ieee: 'N. Heermeier et al., “Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar
Cavities,” Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, 2022, doi:
10.1002/lpor.202100585.'
mla: Heermeier, Niels, et al. “Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities.”
Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, Wiley, 2022, doi:10.1002/lpor.202100585.
short: N. Heermeier, T. Heuser, J. Große, N. Jung, A. Kaganskiy, M. Lindemann, N.C.
Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, S. Reitzenstein, Laser & Photonics Reviews 16
(2022).
date_created: 2025-04-24T09:09:18Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T14:23:16Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1002/lpor.202100585
intvolume: ' 16'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Laser & Photonics Reviews
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1863-8880
- 1863-8899
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: Spin‐Lasing in Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 16
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '64306'
author:
- first_name: Niels
full_name: Heermeier, Niels
last_name: Heermeier
- first_name: Natalie
full_name: Jung, Natalie
last_name: Jung
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Heuser, Tobias
last_name: Heuser
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Große, Jan
last_name: Große
- first_name: Arsenty
full_name: Kaganskiy, Arsenty
last_name: Kaganskiy
- first_name: Stephan
full_name: Reitzenstein, Stephan
last_name: Reitzenstein
citation:
ama: 'Heermeier N, Jung N, Lindemann M, et al. Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal
quantum dot micropillar cavities . In: Spintronics XV. ; 2022. doi:10.1117/12.2632687'
apa: Heermeier, N., Jung, N., Lindemann, M., Gerhardt, N. C., Hofmann, M. R., Heuser,
T., Große, J., Kaganskiy, A., & Reitzenstein, S. (2022). Spin lasing in high-beta
bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities . Spintronics XV. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632687
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Heermeier_Jung_Lindemann_Gerhardt_Hofmann_Heuser_Große_Kaganskiy_Reitzenstein_2022,
title={Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities }, DOI={10.1117/12.2632687}, booktitle={Spintronics
XV}, author={Heermeier, Niels and Jung, Natalie and Lindemann, Markus and Gerhardt,
Nils Christopher and Hofmann, Martin R. and Heuser, Tobias and Große, Jan and
Kaganskiy, Arsenty and Reitzenstein, Stephan}, year={2022} }'
chicago: Heermeier, Niels, Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt,
Martin R. Hofmann, Tobias Heuser, Jan Große, Arsenty Kaganskiy, and Stephan Reitzenstein.
“Spin Lasing in High-Beta Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar Cavities .” In Spintronics
XV, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632687.
ieee: 'N. Heermeier et al., “Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot
micropillar cavities ,” 2022, doi: 10.1117/12.2632687.'
mla: Heermeier, Niels, et al. “Spin Lasing in High-Beta Bimodal Quantum Dot Micropillar
Cavities .” Spintronics XV, 2022, doi:10.1117/12.2632687.
short: 'N. Heermeier, N. Jung, M. Lindemann, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, T. Heuser,
J. Große, A. Kaganskiy, S. Reitzenstein, in: Spintronics XV, 2022.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:52Z
date_updated: 2026-02-26T08:36:42Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1117/12.2632687
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Spintronics XV
status: public
title: 'Spin lasing in high-beta bimodal quantum dot micropillar cavities '
type: conference
user_id: '15911'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '64307'
author:
- first_name: Evgeny L.
full_name: Gurevich, Evgeny L.
last_name: Gurevich
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Krisztian
full_name: Neutsch, Krisztian
last_name: Neutsch
citation:
ama: Gurevich EL, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC, Neutsch K. Investigation of laser-induced
periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography. Nanomaterials.
2022;13(3). doi:10.3390/nano12030505
apa: Gurevich, E. L., Hofmann, M. R., Gerhardt, N. C., & Neutsch, K. (2022).
Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical
holography. Nanomaterials, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030505
bibtex: '@article{Gurevich_Hofmann_Gerhardt_Neutsch_2022, title={Investigation of
laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography},
volume={13}, DOI={10.3390/nano12030505},
number={3}, journal={Nanomaterials}, author={Gurevich, Evgeny L. and Hofmann,
Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Neutsch, Krisztian}, year={2022}
}'
chicago: Gurevich, Evgeny L., Martin R. Hofmann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, and
Krisztian Neutsch. “Investigation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures
Using Synthetic Optical Holography.” Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030505.
ieee: 'E. L. Gurevich, M. R. Hofmann, N. C. Gerhardt, and K. Neutsch, “Investigation
of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic optical holography,”
Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/nano12030505.'
mla: Gurevich, Evgeny L., et al. “Investigation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface
Structures Using Synthetic Optical Holography.” Nanomaterials, vol. 13,
no. 3, 2022, doi:10.3390/nano12030505.
short: E.L. Gurevich, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, K. Neutsch, Nanomaterials 13
(2022).
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:03:52Z
date_updated: 2026-02-26T08:37:19Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.3390/nano12030505
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Nanomaterials
status: public
title: Investigation of laser-induced periodic surface structures using synthetic
optical holography
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 13
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '59686'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The monolithic growth of III–V materials directly on Si substrates provides
a promising integration approach for passive and active silicon photonic integrated
circuits but still faces great challenges in crystal quality due to misfit defect
formation. Nano-ridge engineering is a new approach that enables the integration
of III–V based devices on trench-patterned Si substrates with very high crystal
quality. Using selective area growth, the III–V material is deposited into narrow
trenches to reduce the dislocation defect density by aspect ratio trapping. The
growth is continued out of the trench pattern and a box-shaped III–V nano-ridge
is engineered by adjusting the growth parameters. A flat (001) GaAs nano-ridge
surface enables the epitaxial integration of a common InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum-well
(MQW) structure as an optical gain medium to build a laser diode. In this study,
a clear correlation is found between the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, extracted
from time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, with the InGaAs/GaAs
nano-ridge size and defect density, which are both predefined by the nano-ridge
related pattern trench width. Through the addition of an InGaP passivation layer,
a MQW PL lifetime of up to 800 ps and 1000 ps is measured when pumped at 900 nm
(only QWs were excited) and 800 nm (QWs + barrier excited), respectively. The
addition of a bottom carrier blocking layer further increases this lifetime to
∼2.5ns (pumped at 800 nm), which clearly demonstrates the high crystal quality
of the nano-ridge material. These TRPL measurements not only deliver quick and
valuable feedback about the III–V material quality but also provide an important
understanding for the heterostructure design and carrier confinement of the nano-ridge
laser diode.
author:
- first_name: Yuting
full_name: Shi, Yuting
last_name: Shi
- first_name: Lisa C.
full_name: Kreuzer, Lisa C.
last_name: Kreuzer
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Marianna
full_name: Pantouvaki, Marianna
last_name: Pantouvaki
- first_name: Joris
full_name: Van Campenhout, Joris
last_name: Van Campenhout
- first_name: Marina
full_name: Baryshnikova, Marina
last_name: Baryshnikova
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Langer, Robert
last_name: Langer
- first_name: Dries
full_name: Van Thourhout, Dries
last_name: Van Thourhout
- first_name: Bernardette
full_name: Kunert, Bernardette
last_name: Kunert
citation:
ama: Shi Y, Kreuzer LC, Gerhardt NC, et al. Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization
of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates. Journal
of Applied Physics. 2020;127(10). doi:10.1063/1.5139636
apa: Shi, Y., Kreuzer, L. C., Gerhardt, N. C., Pantouvaki, M., Van Campenhout, J.,
Baryshnikova, M., Langer, R., Van Thourhout, D., & Kunert, B. (2020). Time-resolved
photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown
on 300 mm Si substrates. Journal of Applied Physics, 127(10). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139636
bibtex: '@article{Shi_Kreuzer_Gerhardt_Pantouvaki_Van Campenhout_Baryshnikova_Langer_Van
Thourhout_Kunert_2020, title={Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization
of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates}, volume={127},
DOI={10.1063/1.5139636}, number={10},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Shi,
Yuting and Kreuzer, Lisa C. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Pantouvaki, Marianna
and Van Campenhout, Joris and Baryshnikova, Marina and Langer, Robert and Van
Thourhout, Dries and Kunert, Bernardette}, year={2020} }'
chicago: Shi, Yuting, Lisa C. Kreuzer, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Marianna Pantouvaki,
Joris Van Campenhout, Marina Baryshnikova, Robert Langer, Dries Van Thourhout,
and Bernardette Kunert. “Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of InGaAs/GaAs
Nano-Ridges Monolithically Grown on 300 Mm Si Substrates.” Journal of Applied
Physics 127, no. 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139636.
ieee: 'Y. Shi et al., “Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of
InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates,” Journal
of Applied Physics, vol. 127, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.1063/1.5139636.'
mla: Shi, Yuting, et al. “Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of InGaAs/GaAs
Nano-Ridges Monolithically Grown on 300 Mm Si Substrates.” Journal of Applied
Physics, vol. 127, no. 10, AIP Publishing, 2020, doi:10.1063/1.5139636.
short: Y. Shi, L.C. Kreuzer, N.C. Gerhardt, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, M.
Baryshnikova, R. Langer, D. Van Thourhout, B. Kunert, Journal of Applied Physics
127 (2020).
date_created: 2025-04-25T07:18:24Z
date_updated: 2025-04-25T07:28:42Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1063/1.5139636
intvolume: ' 127'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Applied Physics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8979
- 1089-7550
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges
monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 127
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59685'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Introducing spin-polarized carriers in semiconductor lasers reveals an alternative
path to realize room-temperature spintronic applications, beyond the usual magnetoresistive
effects. Through carrier recombination, the angular momentum of the spin-polarized
carriers is transferred to photons, thus leading to the circularly polarized emitted
light. The intuition for the operation of such spin-lasers can be obtained from
simple bucket and harmonic oscillator models, elucidating their steady-state and
dynamic response, respectively. These lasers extend the functionalities of spintronic
devices and exceed the performance of conventional (spin-unpolarized) lasers,
including an order of magnitude faster modulation frequency. Surprisingly, this
ultrafast operation relies on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large
anisotropy of the refractive index, both viewed as detrimental in spintronics
and conventional lasers. Spin-lasers provide a platform to test novel concepts
in spin devices and offer progress connected to the advances in more traditional
areas of spintronics.
article_number: '113949'
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Gaofeng
full_name: Xu, Gaofeng
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Paulo E.
full_name: Faria Junior, Paulo E.
last_name: Faria Junior
- first_name: Jeongsu
full_name: Lee, Jeongsu
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Velimir
full_name: Labinac, Velimir
last_name: Labinac
- first_name: Kristian
full_name: Stojšić, Kristian
last_name: Stojšić
- first_name: Guilherme M.
full_name: Sipahi, Guilherme M.
last_name: Sipahi
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
citation:
ama: 'Žutić I, Xu G, Lindemann M, et al. Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance.
Solid State Communications. 2020;316-317. doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949'
apa: 'Žutić, I., Xu, G., Lindemann, M., Faria Junior, P. E., Lee, J., Labinac, V.,
Stojšić, K., Sipahi, G. M., Hofmann, M. R., & Gerhardt, N. C. (2020). Spin-lasers:
spintronics beyond magnetoresistance. Solid State Communications, 316–317,
Article 113949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949'
bibtex: '@article{Žutić_Xu_Lindemann_Faria Junior_Lee_Labinac_Stojšić_Sipahi_Hofmann_Gerhardt_2020,
title={Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance}, volume={316–317}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949},
number={113949}, journal={Solid State Communications}, publisher={Elsevier BV},
author={Žutić, Igor and Xu, Gaofeng and Lindemann, Markus and Faria Junior, Paulo
E. and Lee, Jeongsu and Labinac, Velimir and Stojšić, Kristian and Sipahi, Guilherme
M. and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}, year={2020} }'
chicago: 'Žutić, Igor, Gaofeng Xu, Markus Lindemann, Paulo E. Faria Junior, Jeongsu
Lee, Velimir Labinac, Kristian Stojšić, Guilherme M. Sipahi, Martin R. Hofmann,
and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Spin-Lasers: Spintronics beyond Magnetoresistance.”
Solid State Communications 316–317 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.'
ieee: 'I. Žutić et al., “Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance,”
Solid State Communications, vol. 316–317, Art. no. 113949, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.'
mla: 'Žutić, Igor, et al. “Spin-Lasers: Spintronics beyond Magnetoresistance.” Solid
State Communications, vol. 316–317, 113949, Elsevier BV, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949.'
short: I. Žutić, G. Xu, M. Lindemann, P.E. Faria Junior, J. Lee, V. Labinac, K.
Stojšić, G.M. Sipahi, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, Solid State Communications
316–317 (2020).
date_created: 2025-04-25T07:11:46Z
date_updated: 2025-04-25T07:28:46Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113949
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Solid State Communications
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0038-1098
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance'
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 316-317
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59684'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this paper, we present a confocal laser scanning holographic microscope
for the investigation of buried structures. The multimodal system combines high
diffraction limited resolution and high signal-to-noise-ratio with the ability
of phase acquisition. The amplitude and phase imaging capabilities of the system
are shown on a test target. For the investigation of buried integrated semiconductor
structures, we expand our system with an optical beam induced current modality
that provides additional structure-sensitive contrast. We demonstrate the performance
of the multimodal system by imaging the buried structures of a microcontroller
through the silicon backside of its housing in reflection geometry.
article_number: A8
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lena
full_name: Schnitzler, Lena
last_name: Schnitzler
- first_name: Krisztian
full_name: Neutsch, Krisztian
last_name: Neutsch
- first_name: Falk
full_name: Schellenberg, Falk
last_name: Schellenberg
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
citation:
ama: Schnitzler L, Neutsch K, Schellenberg F, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC. Confocal
laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures. Applied Optics.
2020;60(4). doi:10.1364/ao.403687
apa: Schnitzler, L., Neutsch, K., Schellenberg, F., Hofmann, M. R., & Gerhardt,
N. C. (2020). Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures.
Applied Optics, 60(4), Article A8. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.403687
bibtex: '@article{Schnitzler_Neutsch_Schellenberg_Hofmann_Gerhardt_2020, title={Confocal
laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1364/ao.403687}, number={4A8},
journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Schnitzler,
Lena and Neutsch, Krisztian and Schellenberg, Falk and Hofmann, Martin R. and
Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}, year={2020} }'
chicago: Schnitzler, Lena, Krisztian Neutsch, Falk Schellenberg, Martin R. Hofmann,
and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Confocal Laser Scanning Holographic Microscopy
of Buried Structures.” Applied Optics 60, no. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.403687.
ieee: 'L. Schnitzler, K. Neutsch, F. Schellenberg, M. R. Hofmann, and N. C. Gerhardt,
“Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures,” Applied
Optics, vol. 60, no. 4, Art. no. A8, 2020, doi: 10.1364/ao.403687.'
mla: Schnitzler, Lena, et al. “Confocal Laser Scanning Holographic Microscopy of
Buried Structures.” Applied Optics, vol. 60, no. 4, A8, Optica Publishing
Group, 2020, doi:10.1364/ao.403687.
short: L. Schnitzler, K. Neutsch, F. Schellenberg, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt,
Applied Optics 60 (2020).
date_created: 2025-04-25T07:04:55Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T14:23:31Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1364/ao.403687
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 60'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Applied Optics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1559-128X
- 2155-3165
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 60
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '64361'
author:
- first_name: Krisztian
full_name: Neutsch, Krisztian
last_name: Neutsch
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Lena
full_name: Schnitzler, Lena
last_name: Schnitzler
- first_name: Marlon J.
full_name: Tranelis, Marlon J.
last_name: Tranelis
citation:
ama: 'Neutsch K, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC, Schnitzler L, Tranelis MJ. Three-dimensional
particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy. In: Practical
Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications. ; 2019. doi:10.1117/12.2509448'
apa: 'Neutsch, K., Hofmann, M. R., Gerhardt, N. C., Schnitzler, L., & Tranelis,
M. J. (2019). Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital
holographic microscopy. Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and
Applications. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509448'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Neutsch_Hofmann_Gerhardt_Schnitzler_Tranelis_2019, title={Three-dimensional
particle localization with common-path digital holographic microscopy}, DOI={10.1117/12.2509448}, booktitle={Practical
Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications}, author={Neutsch, Krisztian
and Hofmann, Martin R. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Schnitzler, Lena and
Tranelis, Marlon J.}, year={2019} }'
chicago: 'Neutsch, Krisztian, Martin R. Hofmann, Nils Christopher Gerhardt, Lena
Schnitzler, and Marlon J. Tranelis. “Three-Dimensional Particle Localization with
Common-Path Digital Holographic Microscopy.” In Practical Holography XXXIII:
Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509448.'
ieee: 'K. Neutsch, M. R. Hofmann, N. C. Gerhardt, L. Schnitzler, and M. J. Tranelis,
“Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic
microscopy,” 2019, doi: 10.1117/12.2509448.'
mla: 'Neutsch, Krisztian, et al. “Three-Dimensional Particle Localization with Common-Path
Digital Holographic Microscopy.” Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials,
and Applications, 2019, doi:10.1117/12.2509448.'
short: 'K. Neutsch, M.R. Hofmann, N.C. Gerhardt, L. Schnitzler, M.J. Tranelis, in:
Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications, 2019.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:04:02Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T13:50:47Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1117/12.2509448
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 'Practical Holography XXXIII: Displays, Materials, and Applications'
status: public
title: Three-dimensional particle localization with common-path digital holographic
microscopy
type: conference
user_id: '15911'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '64360'
author:
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Jeongsu
full_name: Lee, Jeongsu
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Gøthgen, Christian
last_name: Gøthgen
- first_name: Junior
full_name: Farla, Paulo E., Junior
last_name: Farla, Paulo E.
- first_name: Gaofeng
full_name: Xu, Gaofeng
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Guilherme M.
full_name: Sipahi, Guilherme M.
last_name: Sipahi
citation:
ama: 'Gerhardt NC, Žutić I, Lee J, et al. Semiconductor spin-lasers. In: Nanoscale
Spintronics and Applications. ; 2019:499-540.'
apa: Gerhardt, N. C., Žutić, I., Lee, J., Gøthgen, C., Farla, Paulo E., J., Xu,
G., & Sipahi, G. M. (2019). Semiconductor spin-lasers. In Nanoscale spintronics
and applications (pp. 499–540).
bibtex: '@inbook{Gerhardt_Žutić_Lee_Gøthgen_Farla, Paulo E._Xu_Sipahi_2019, title={Semiconductor
spin-lasers}, booktitle={Nanoscale spintronics and applications}, author={Gerhardt,
Nils Christopher and Žutić, Igor and Lee, Jeongsu and Gøthgen, Christian and Farla,
Paulo E., Junior and Xu, Gaofeng and Sipahi, Guilherme M.}, year={2019}, pages={499–540}
}'
chicago: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, Igor Žutić, Jeongsu Lee, Christian Gøthgen,
Junior Farla, Paulo E., Gaofeng Xu, and Guilherme M. Sipahi. “Semiconductor Spin-Lasers.”
In Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications, 499–540, 2019.
ieee: N. C. Gerhardt et al., “Semiconductor spin-lasers,” in Nanoscale
spintronics and applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.
mla: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher, et al. “Semiconductor Spin-Lasers.” Nanoscale
Spintronics and Applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.
short: 'N.C. Gerhardt, I. Žutić, J. Lee, C. Gøthgen, J. Farla, Paulo E., G. Xu,
G.M. Sipahi, in: Nanoscale Spintronics and Applications, 2019, pp. 499–540.'
date_created: 2026-02-20T10:04:02Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T13:51:03Z
department:
- _id: '977'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 499 - 540
publication: Nanoscale spintronics and applications
status: public
title: Semiconductor spin-lasers
type: book_chapter
user_id: '15911'
year: '2019'
...