@article{60047, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. To ensure consistent performance of each test, it is necessary to adapt the power increase of the test protocol to the physical characteristics of each individual. This study aimed to use machine learning models to determine individualized ramp protocols based on non-exercise features. We hypothesized that machine learning models will predict peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak) and peak power output (PPO) more accurately than conventional multiple linear regression (MLR). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 274 (♀168, ♂106) participants who performed CPET on a cycle ergometer. Machine learning models and multiple linear regression were used to predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO using non-exercise features. The accuracy of the models was compared using criteria such as root mean square error (RMSE). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was applied to determine the feature importance. Results The most accurate machine learning model was the random forest (RMSE: 6.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI 5.21–8.17]) for $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak prediction and the gradient boosting regression (RMSE: 43watts [95% CI 35–52]) for PPO prediction. Compared to the MLR, the machine learning models reduced the RMSE by up to 28% and 22% for prediction of $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO, respectively. Furthermore, SHAP ranked body composition data such as skeletal muscle mass and extracellular water as the most impactful features. Conclusion Machine learning models predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO more accurately than MLR and can be used to individualize CPET protocols. Features that provide information about the participant's body composition contribute most to the improvement of these predictions. Trial registration number DRKS00031401 (6 March 2023, retrospectively registered). }}, author = {{Wenzel, Charlotte and Liebig, Thomas and Swoboda, Adrian and Smolareck, Rika and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Walzik, David and Groll, Andreas and Goulding, Richie P. and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{3421--3431}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Machine learning predicts peak oxygen uptake and peak power output for customizing cardiopulmonary exercise testing using non-exercise features}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-024-05543-x}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{60092, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Research supports physical activity as a method to heighten stress resistance and resilience through positive metabolic alterations mostly affecting the neuroendocrine system. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a highly effective time-saving method to induce those changes. However, existing literature relies heavily on cross-sectional analyses, with few randomised controlled trials highlighting the necessity for more exercise interventions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of HIIT versus an active control group on the stress response to an acute psychosocial stressor in emotionally impulsive humans (suggested as being strong stress responders). Methods The study protocol was registered online (DRKS00016589) before data collection. Sedentary, emotionally impulsive adults (30.69 ± 8.20 y) were recruited for a supervised intervention of 8 weeks and randomly allocated to either a HIIT (n = 25) or a stretching group (n = 19, acting as active controls). Participants were submitted to a test battery, including saliva samples, questionnaires (self-efficacy- and perceived stress-related), visual analogue scales (physical exercise- and stress-related), and resting electroencephalography and electrocardiography assessing their reaction to an acute psychological stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) before and after the exercise intervention. Results HIIT increased aerobic fitness in all participants, whereas stretching did not. Participants from the HIIT group reported perceiving exercising more intensively than those from the active control group (ƞp2 = 0.108, p = 0.038). No further group differences were detected. Both interventions largely increased levels of joy post-TSST (ƞp2 = 0.209, p = 0.003) whilst decreasing tension (ƞp2 = 0.262, p < 0.001) and worries (ƞp2 = 0.113, p = 0.037). Finally, both interventions largely increased perceived levels of general self-efficacy (ƞp2 = 0.120, p = 0.029). Conclusion This study suggests that 8 weeks of HIIT does not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to an acute psychological stress test compared to an active control group in emotionally impulsive humans. Further replications of supervised exercise studies highly powered with active and passive controls are warranted. }}, author = {{Javelle, F. and Bloch, W. and Borges, U. and Burberg, T. and Collins, B. and Gunasekara, N. and Hosang, T. J. and Jacobsen, T. and Laborde, S. and Löw, A. and Schenk, A. and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Schoser, D. and Vogel, A. and Walzik, D. and Zimmer, P.}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{2893--2908}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training versus stretching do not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to a social stress test in emotionally impulsive humans}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-024-05471-w}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{60093, author = {{Proschinger, Sebastian and Belen, Sergen and Adammek, Frederike and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Rademacher, Annette and Schenk, Alexander and Warnke, Clemens and Bloch, Wilhelm and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{0889-1591}}, journal = {{Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}}, pages = {{397--408}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Sportizumab – Multimodal progressive exercise over 10 weeks decreases Th17 frequency and CD49d expression on CD8+ T cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.bbi.2024.12.017}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{60094, author = {{Patt, Nadine and Kupjetz, Marie and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Hersche, Ruth and Joisten, Niklas and Kool, Jan and Gonzenbach, Roman and Nigg, Claudio R. and Zimmer, Philipp and Bansi, Jens}}, issn = {{2211-0348}}, journal = {{Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Predictors of six-month change in health-related quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: A secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.msard.2024.105826}}, volume = {{90}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{60046, abstract = {{AbstractBackground and purposeValid measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are essential during inpatient rehabilitation for a precise evaluation of the current health status, for defining appropriate exercise intensities, and for evaluation of exercise intervention studies. We aim (i) to examine the proportion of pwMS who attain the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) criteria for maximal effort during graded cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and (ii) to provide insight into participant characteristics that limit maximal exercise performance.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprises a retrospective examination of ACSM criteria for maximal effort during graded CPET of n = 380 inpatient pwMS (mean age = 48 ± 11 years, 66% female). Chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests were conducted to compare differences in the distribution of criteria achieved. Participants' characteristics were examined as potential predictors using binary logistic regression.ResultsOnly 60% of the overall sample attained a respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.10. With regard to the definition applied, only 24% or 40% of the participants achieved an oxygen consumption plateau, and 17% or 50% attained the heart rate criterion. Forty‐six percent met at least two of three criteria. Disability status, gender, disease course, and body mass index were associated with the attainment of maximal effort.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a relevant proportion of inpatient pwMS do not attain common criteria utilized to verify maximal oxygen consumption. Identified predictors for criteria attainment can be used to create models to predict cardiorespiratory fitness and to optimize CPET protocols in restrictive groups of pwMS.}}, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Bansi, Jens and Wenzel, Charlotte and Kuzdas‐Sallaberger, Marina and Kiesl, David and Gonzenbach, Roman and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{1351-5101}}, journal = {{European Journal of Neurology}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{2726--2735}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Complexity and pitfalls in maximal exercise testing for persons with multiple sclerosis}}}, doi = {{10.1111/ene.15875}}, volume = {{30}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{60087, abstract = {{IntroductionBased on theoretical models, physical activity has been introduced as a promoting method to mitigate the disease severity, fatigue and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relation between self-reported physical activity level and disease severity, fatigue and relapse rate in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).MethodsA survey was offered to persons with RRMS from March 2019 to August 2021 (n = 253). Physical activity level, fatigue and disease severity were determined using the Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire (GLTEQ), the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC). Additionally, participants’ relapse rate was recorded.ResultsBivariate correlations revealed an inverse relation between physical activity level and PDDS (ρ = −0.279; p &lt; 0.001) as well as between physical activity and FSMC (r = −0.213, p &lt; 0.001), but not between physical activity and relapse rate (r = 0.033, p &gt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses explained 12.6% and 5.2% of the variance of PDDS and FSMC.ConclusionOur findings confirm a relation between self-reported physical activity, disease severity and fatigue in persons with RRMS. However, self-reported physical activity level does not seem to affect the annualised relapse rate.}}, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Hübner, Sven T. and Joisten, Niklas and Walzik, David and Rademacher, Annette and Wolf, Florian and Bansi, Jens and Warnke, Clemens and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{1664-2295}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Neurology}}, publisher = {{Frontiers Media SA}}, title = {{{Physical activity is related to disease severity and fatigue, but not to relapse rate in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis – a self-reported questionnaire based study}}}, doi = {{10.3389/fneur.2023.1217000}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{60091, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Bansi, Jens and Langeskov-Christensen, Martin and Zimmer, Philipp and Hvid, Lars G.}}, issn = {{1440-2440}}, journal = {{Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{10--15}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) across the adult lifespan in persons with multiple sclerosis and matched healthy controls}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.009}}, volume = {{27}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{60095, abstract = {{AbstractEndurance training has been shown to be effective in treating adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). To integrate endurance training into the therapeutic setting and the adolescents' daily lives, the current performance status of the adolescents should be accurately assessed. This study aims to examine adolescents with MDD concerning exhaustion criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), as well as to compare the values obtained thereon with sex- and age-related control values. The study included a retrospective examination of exhaustion criteria ((i) oxygen consumption (V̇O2) plateau, (ii) peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) > 1.0, (iii) peak heart rate (HRpeak) ≥ 95% of the age-predicted maximal HR, and (iv) peak blood lactate concentration (BLCpeak) > 8.0 mmol⋅L−1) during a graded CPET on a cycle ergometer in adolescents with MDD (n = 57). Subsequently, maximal V̇O2, peak minute ventilation, V̇O2 at the first ventilatory threshold, and peak work rate of participants who met at least two of four criteria were compared with published control values using an independent-sample t-test. Thirty-three percent of the total population achieved a V̇O2 plateau and 75% a RERpeak > 1.0. The HR and BLC criteria were met by 19% and 22%, respectively. T-test results revealed significant differences between adolescents with MDD and control values for all outcomes. Adolescents with MDD achieved between 56% and 83% of control values.   Conclusions: The study shows that compared with control values, fewer adolescents with MDD achieve the exhaustion criteria on a CPET and adolescents with MDD have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness.   Clinical trial registration: No. U1111-1145–1854. What is Known:• It is already known that endurance training has a positive effect on depressive symptoms. What is New:• A relevant proportion of adolescents with major depressive disorder do not achieve their V̇O2max during a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test.• Adolescents with major depressive disorder have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to sex- and age-related control values. }}, author = {{Wenzel, Charlotte and Bongers, Bart Chateau and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Reis, Daniela and Reinhard, Franziska and Schmidt, Peter and Bernitzki, Stefan and Oberste, Max and Wunram, Heidrun Lioba and Zimmer, Philipp and Fricke, Oliver}}, issn = {{1432-1076}}, journal = {{European Journal of Pediatrics}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{379--388}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Validation of the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in adolescents with major depressive disorder and comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness with sex- and age-related control values}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00431-023-05304-6}}, volume = {{183}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{60096, abstract = {{AbstractBackgroundResearchers have increasingly differentiated trait‐like tendencies toward impulsivity occurring during emotional states (emotion‐related impulsivity [ERI]) from impulsivity not tied to emotion (non‐ERI). Relative to non‐ERI, ERI has shown robust correlations with psychopathology and mild to moderate associations with physical health parameters (e.g., physical activity, poor sleep quality, body mass index [BMI]). Therefore, we first aimed to investigate the unique contributions of ERI and non‐ERI to psychopathology symptoms while controlling for neuroticism. Second, we sought to explore the combined associations of physical health parameters with several impulsivity forms.MethodsGerman‐speaking adults (N = 350, 35.9 ± 14.6 years, 69.1% female, BMI: 24.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2, mostly students or employees) completed measures of impulsivity, psychopathology symptoms, neuroticism, and physical health. We gathered measures of two ERI forms: Feelings Trigger Action and Pervasive Influence of Feelings. As a control comparison, we gathered a measure of non‐ERI, the Lack of Follow‐Through scale. We conducted separate path models for Aims 1 and 2.ResultsFor Aim 1, Pervasive Influence of Feelings showed strong links with internalizing symptoms. Feelings Trigger Action and Lack of Follow‐Through showed small links with alcohol use. For Aim 2, poor sleep quality was related to all three impulsivity factors, while physical activity was only related to Pervasive Influence of Feelings and Lack of Follow‐Through. BMI showed a curvilinear association with impulsivity.ConclusionsERI is more directly relevant than non‐ERI for psychopathology symptoms, emphasizing the need to differentiate between the two ERI types. The association of ERI and non‐ERI with physical activity and poor sleep quality may serve as potential treatment targets for impulsivity‐related problems.}}, author = {{Javelle, Florian and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Broos, Hannah C. and Timpano, Kiara R. and Joormann, Jutta and Zimmer, Philipp and Johnson, Sheri L.}}, issn = {{0021-9762}}, journal = {{Journal of Clinical Psychology}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{339--354}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{On the impulsivity path: Examining the unique and conjoint relations between emotion‐ and non‐emotion‐related impulsivity, internalizing symptoms, alcohol use, and physical health parameters}}}, doi = {{10.1002/jclp.23608}}, volume = {{80}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{60044, abstract = {{AbstractExercise is described to provoke enhancements of cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). However, a high inter-individual variability in training responses has been observed. This analysis investigates response heterogeneity in cardiorespiratory fitness following high intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) and analyzes potential predictors of cardiorespiratory training effects in pwMS. 131 pwMS performed HIIT or MCT 3–5x/ week on a cycle ergometer for three weeks. Individual responses were classified. Finally, a multiple linear regression was conducted to examine potential associations between changes of absolute peak oxygen consumption (absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg), training modality and participant’s characteristics. Results show a time and interaction effect for ∆V̇O2peak/kg. Absolute changes of cardiorespiratory responses were larger and the non-response proportions smaller in HIIT vs. MCT. The model accounting for 8.6% of the variance of ∆V̇O2peak/kg suggests that HIIT, younger age and lower baseline fitness predict a higher absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg following an exercise intervention. Thus, this work implements a novel approach that investigates potential determinants of cardiorespiratory response heterogeneity within a clinical setting and analyzes a remarkable bigger sample. Further predictors need to be identified to increase the knowledge about response heterogeneity, thereby supporting the development of individualized training recommendations for pwMS.}}, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Wucherer, Anika and Rademacher, Annette and Joisten, Niklas and Proschinger, Sebastian and Walzik, David and Bloch, Wilhelm and Kool, Jan and Gonzenbach, Roman and Bansi, Jens and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{0172-4622}}, journal = {{International Journal of Sports Medicine}}, number = {{14}}, pages = {{1319--1328}}, publisher = {{Georg Thieme Verlag KG}}, title = {{{VO2peak Response Heterogeneity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: To HIIT or Not to HIIT?}}}, doi = {{10.1055/a-1481-8639}}, volume = {{42}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{60043, author = {{Rademacher, Annette and Joisten, Niklas and Proschinger, Sebastian and Hebchen, Jonas and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Bloch, Wilhelm and Gonzenbach, Roman and Kool, Jan and Bansi, Jens and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{2211-0348}}, journal = {{Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Do baseline cognitive status, participant specific characteristics and EDSS impact changes of cognitive performance following aerobic exercise intervention in multiple sclerosis?}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.msard.2021.102905}}, volume = {{51}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{60045, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Joisten, Niklas and Walzik, David and Wolf, Florian and Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E. and Bansi, Jens and Rademacher, Annette and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{2193-8253}}, journal = {{Neurology and Therapy}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{585--607}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Systematic Review of Exercise Studies in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring the Quality of Interventions According to the Principles of Exercise Training}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s40120-021-00274-z}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{60090, author = {{Wolf, Florian and Rademacher, Annette and Joisten, Niklas and Proschinger, Sebastian and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Bloch, Wilhelm and Gonzenbach, Roman and Kool, Jan and Bansi, Jens and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{2211-0348}}, journal = {{Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{The aerobic capacity – fatigue relationship in persons with Multiple Sclerosis is not reproducible in a pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.msard.2021.103476}}, volume = {{58}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{60042, abstract = {{AbstractObjectivesExercise‐induced cellular mobilization might play a role in treatment and prevention of several diseases. However, little is known about the impact of different exercise modalities on immune cell mobilization and clinical cellular inflammation markers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate differences between acute endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on cellular immune alterations.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy men conducted an acute EE (cycling at 60% of peak power output) and RE (five exercise machines at 70% of the one‐repetition maximum) session lasting 50 minutes in randomized order. Blood samples were collected before, after and one hour after exercise cessation. Outcomes included counts and proportions of leukocytes, neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYM), LYM subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and the clinical cellular inflammation markers NEUT/LYM ratio (NLR), platelets/LYM ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII).ResultsAlterations in all outcomes were revealed except for CD8+T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and PLR. EE induced a stronger cellular immune response and provoked alterations in more immune cell populations than RE. SII was altered only after EE.ConclusionAn acute EE session causes a stronger mobilization of immune cells than RE. Additionally, SII represents an integrative marker to depict immunological alterations.}}, author = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Walzik, David and Joisten, Niklas and Koliamitra, Christina and Hardt, Luca and Metcalfe, Alan J. and Wahl, Patrick and Bloch, Wilhelm and Schenk, Alexander and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{0902-4441}}, journal = {{European Journal of Haematology}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{75--84}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Cellular immune response to acute exercise: Comparison of endurance and resistance exercise}}}, doi = {{10.1111/ejh.13412}}, volume = {{105}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{60088, author = {{Proschinger, Sebastian and Joisten, Niklas and Rademacher, Annette and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Walzik, David and Metcalfe, Alan J. and Oberste, Max and Warnke, Clemens and Bloch, Wilhelm and Schenk, Alexander and Bansi, Jens and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{1471-2377}}, journal = {{BMC Neurology}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Influence of combined functional resistance and endurance exercise over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized controlled trial}}}, doi = {{10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7}}, volume = {{19}}, year = {{2019}}, }