[{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Many real-world datasets, such as citation networks, social networks, and molecular structures, are naturally represented as heterogeneous graphs, where nodes belong to different types and have additional features. For example, in a citation network, nodes representing \"Paper\" or \"Author\" may include attributes like keywords or affiliations. A critical machine learning task on these graphs is node classification, which is useful for applications such as fake news detection, corporate risk assessment, and molecular property prediction. Although Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) perform well in these contexts, their predictions remain opaque. Existing post-hoc explanation methods lack support for actual node features beyond one-hot encoding of node type and often fail to generate realistic, faithful explanations. To address these gaps, we propose DiGNNExplainer, a model-level explanation approach that synthesizes heterogeneous graphs with realistic node features via discrete denoising diffusion. In particular, we generate realistic discrete features (e.g., bag-of-words features) using diffusion models within a discrete space, whereas previous approaches are limited to continuous spaces. We evaluate our approach on multiple datasets and show that DiGNNExplainer produces explanations that are realistic and faithful to the model's decision-making, outperforming state-of-the-art methods."}],"status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.08458"]},"_id":"63918","department":[{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871","year":"2026","citation":{"chicago":"Das, Pallabee, and Stefan Heindorf. “Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features.” In <i>Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)</i>. ACM, 2026.","ieee":"P. Das and S. Heindorf, “Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features,” presented at the The Web Conference, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2026.","ama":"Das P, Heindorf S. Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features. In: <i>Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)</i>. ACM; 2026.","apa":"Das, P., &#38; Heindorf, S. (2026). Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features. <i>Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)</i>. The Web Conference, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Das_Heindorf_2026, title={Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)}, publisher={ACM}, author={Das, Pallabee and Heindorf, Stefan}, year={2026} }","mla":"Das, Pallabee, and Stefan Heindorf. “Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26)</i>, ACM, 2026.","short":"P. Das, S. Heindorf, in: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW ’26), ACM, 2026."},"title":"Discrete Diffusion-Based Model-Level Explanation of Heterogeneous GNNs with Node Features","conference":{"name":"The Web Conference","start_date":"2026-04-13","end_date":"2026-04-17","location":"Dubai, United Arab Emirates"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.08458","open_access":"1"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-02-06T18:47:38Z","publisher":"ACM","author":[{"first_name":"Pallabee","full_name":"Das, Pallabee","last_name":"Das"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan"}],"date_created":"2026-02-06T18:44:34Z"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7","author":[{"first_name":"Dimitry","full_name":"Mindlin, Dimitry","last_name":"Mindlin"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Beer","full_name":"Beer, Fabian"},{"first_name":"Leonie Nora","last_name":"Sieger","full_name":"Sieger, Leonie Nora","id":"93402"},{"full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Cimiano, Philipp","last_name":"Cimiano"},{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Esposito","full_name":"Esposito, Elena"},{"last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"}],"volume":58,"date_updated":"2025-01-24T20:09:20Z","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Mindlin, D., Beer, F., Sieger, L. N., Heindorf, S., Cimiano, P., Esposito, E., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2025). Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches. <i>Artificial Intelligence Review</i>, <i>58</i>(3), Article 81. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>","bibtex":"@article{Mindlin_Beer_Sieger_Heindorf_Cimiano_Esposito_Ngonga Ngomo_2025, title={Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches}, volume={58}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>}, number={381}, journal={Artificial Intelligence Review}, publisher={Springer}, author={Mindlin, Dimitry and Beer, Fabian and Sieger, Leonie Nora and Heindorf, Stefan and Cimiano, Philipp and Esposito, Elena and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2025} }","mla":"Mindlin, Dimitry, et al. “Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches.” <i>Artificial Intelligence Review</i>, vol. 58, no. 3, 81, Springer, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>.","short":"D. Mindlin, F. Beer, L.N. Sieger, S. Heindorf, P. Cimiano, E. Esposito, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, Artificial Intelligence Review 58 (2025).","chicago":"Mindlin, Dimitry, Fabian Beer, Leonie Nora Sieger, Stefan Heindorf, Philipp Cimiano, Elena Esposito, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches.” <i>Artificial Intelligence Review</i> 58, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>.","ieee":"D. Mindlin <i>et al.</i>, “Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches,” <i>Artificial Intelligence Review</i>, vol. 58, no. 3, Art. no. 81, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>.","ama":"Mindlin D, Beer F, Sieger LN, et al. Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches. <i>Artificial Intelligence Review</i>. 2025;58(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7\">10.1007/s10462-024-11007-7</a>"},"intvolume":"        58","publication_status":"published","article_number":"81","user_id":"11871","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"_id":"54450","status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Beyond One-Shot Explanations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dialogue-Based XAI Approaches","date_created":"2024-05-26T18:55:58Z","publisher":"Springer","year":"2025","issue":"3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in allowing users to understand how the predictions of machine-learned models come about, thus increasing transparency and empowering users to understand and potentially contest those decisions.Dialogue-based approaches, in contrast to traditional one-shot eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, facilitate interactive, in-depth exploration through multi-turn dialogues, simulating expert conversations. This paper reviews the current state of dialogue-based XAI, presenting a systematic review of 1,339 publications, narrowed down to 14 based on inclusion criteria. We explore theoretical foundations of the systems, propose key dimensions along which different solutions to dialogue-based XAI differ, and identify key use cases, target audiences, system components, and the types of supported queries and responses. Furthermore, we investigate the current paradigms by which systems are evaluated and highlight their key limitations. Key findings include identifying the main use cases, objectives, and audiences targeted by dialogue-based XAI methods, and summarize the main types of questions and information needs. Beyond discussing avenues for future work, we present a meta-architecture for these systems from existing literature and outlined prevalent theoretical frameworks."}],"publication":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"CoRR","status":"public","user_id":"97123","_id":"64206","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Groß_Heindorf_Terhörst_2025, title={A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks}, volume={abs/2505.19920}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>}, journal={CoRR}, author={Groß, Sebastian and Heindorf, Stefan and Terhörst, Philipp}, year={2025} }","short":"S. Groß, S. Heindorf, P. Terhörst, CoRR abs/2505.19920 (2025).","mla":"Groß, Sebastian, et al. “A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks.” <i>CoRR</i>, vol. abs/2505.19920, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>.","apa":"Groß, S., Heindorf, S., &#38; Terhörst, P. (2025). A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks. <i>CoRR</i>, <i>abs/2505.19920</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>","ieee":"S. Groß, S. Heindorf, and P. Terhörst, “A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks,” <i>CoRR</i>, vol. abs/2505.19920, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>.","chicago":"Groß, Sebastian, Stefan Heindorf, and Philipp Terhörst. “A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks.” <i>CoRR</i> abs/2505.19920 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>.","ama":"Groß S, Heindorf S, Terhörst P. A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks. <i>CoRR</i>. 2025;abs/2505.19920. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920\">10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920</a>"},"year":"2025","author":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Groß","full_name":"Groß, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Terhörst","id":"97123","full_name":"Terhörst, Philipp"}],"date_created":"2026-02-18T09:43:56Z","volume":"abs/2505.19920","date_updated":"2026-02-19T07:52:13Z","doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2505.19920","title":"A Responsible Face Recognition Approach for Small and Mid-Scale Systems Through Personalized Neural Networks"},{"department":[{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871","_id":"62707","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","type":"conference","status":"public","author":[{"full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Neib, Daniel","last_name":"Neib","first_name":"Daniel"}],"date_created":"2025-11-28T15:36:11Z","publisher":"ACM","date_updated":"2025-11-28T15:36:57Z","doi":"10.1145/3746252.3760918","title":"Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks","publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Heindorf, Stefan, and Daniel Neib. “Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks.” <i>Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management</i>, ACM, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>.","short":"S. Heindorf, D. Neib, in: Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, 2025.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Heindorf_Neib_2025, title={Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management}, publisher={ACM}, author={Heindorf, Stefan and Neib, Daniel}, year={2025} }","apa":"Heindorf, S., &#38; Neib, D. (2025). Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks. <i>Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>","chicago":"Heindorf, Stefan, and Daniel Neib. “Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks.” In <i>Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management</i>. ACM, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>.","ieee":"S. Heindorf and D. Neib, “Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks,” 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>.","ama":"Heindorf S, Neib D. Assessing Natural Language Explanations of Relational Graph Neural Networks. In: <i>Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management</i>. ACM; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3760918\">10.1145/3746252.3760918</a>"},"year":"2025"},{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3589335.3651978"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2024-05-13","name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024","location":"Singapore","end_date":"2024-05-17"},"doi":"10.1145/3589335.3651978","title":"Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings","date_created":"2024-05-26T18:52:47Z","author":[{"last_name":"KOUAGOU","full_name":"KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean","id":"87189","first_name":"N'Dah Jean"},{"first_name":"Caglar","last_name":"Demir","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817"},{"id":"72768","full_name":"Zahera, Hamada Mohamed Abdelsamee","last_name":"Zahera","orcid":"0000-0003-0215-1278","first_name":"Hamada Mohamed Abdelsamee"},{"first_name":"Adrian","last_name":"Wilke","orcid":"0000-0002-6575-807X","full_name":"Wilke, Adrian","id":"9101"},{"full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Jiayi","first_name":"Jiayi"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo"}],"date_updated":"2024-05-26T19:06:10Z","publisher":"ACM","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"KOUAGOU, N. J., Demir, C., Zahera, H. M. A., Wilke, A., Heindorf, S., Li, J., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2024). Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings. <i>Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024</i>. Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, Singapore. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>","mla":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings.” <i>Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024</i>, ACM, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{KOUAGOU_Demir_Zahera_Wilke_Heindorf_Li_Ngonga Ngomo_2024, title={Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>}, booktitle={Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024}, publisher={ACM}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and Demir, Caglar and Zahera, Hamada Mohamed Abdelsamee and Wilke, Adrian and Heindorf, Stefan and Li, Jiayi and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2024} }","short":"N.J. KOUAGOU, C. Demir, H.M.A. Zahera, A. Wilke, S. Heindorf, J. Li, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, ACM, 2024.","chicago":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Caglar Demir, Hamada Mohamed Abdelsamee Zahera, Adrian Wilke, Stefan Heindorf, Jiayi Li, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings.” In <i>Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024</i>. ACM, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>.","ieee":"N. J. KOUAGOU <i>et al.</i>, “Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings,” presented at the Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, Singapore, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>.","ama":"KOUAGOU NJ, Demir C, Zahera HMA, et al. Universal Knowledge Graph Embeddings. In: <i>Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024</i>. ACM; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651978\">10.1145/3589335.3651978</a>"},"year":"2024","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"11871","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"_id":"54449","status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective for node classification in\r\ngraph-structured data, but they lack explainability, especially at the global\r\nlevel. Current research mainly utilizes subgraphs of the input as local\r\nexplanations or generates new graphs as global explanations. However, these\r\ngraph-based methods are limited in their ability to explain classes with\r\nmultiple sufficient explanations. To provide more expressive explanations, we\r\npropose utilizing class expressions (CEs) from the field of description logic\r\n(DL). Our approach explains heterogeneous graphs with different types of nodes\r\nusing CEs in the EL description logic. To identify the best explanation among\r\nmultiple candidate explanations, we employ and compare two different scoring\r\nfunctions: (1) For a given CE, we construct multiple graphs, have the GNN make\r\na prediction for each graph, and aggregate the predicted scores. (2) We score\r\nthe CE in terms of fidelity, i.e., we compare the predictions of the GNN to the\r\npredictions by the CE on a separate validation set. Instead of subgraph-based\r\nexplanations, we offer CE-based explanations.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"arXiv:2405.12654","type":"preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"54448","external_id":{"arxiv":["2405.12654"]},"department":[{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871","year":"2024","citation":{"ieee":"D. Köhler and S. Heindorf, “Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks,” <i>arXiv:2405.12654</i>. 2024.","chicago":"Köhler, Dominik, and Stefan Heindorf. “Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks.” <i>ArXiv:2405.12654</i>, 2024.","ama":"Köhler D, Heindorf S. Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks. <i>arXiv:240512654</i>. Published online 2024.","bibtex":"@article{Köhler_Heindorf_2024, title={Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks}, journal={arXiv:2405.12654}, author={Köhler, Dominik and Heindorf, Stefan}, year={2024} }","short":"D. Köhler, S. Heindorf, ArXiv:2405.12654 (2024).","mla":"Köhler, Dominik, and Stefan Heindorf. “Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks.” <i>ArXiv:2405.12654</i>, 2024.","apa":"Köhler, D., &#38; Heindorf, S. (2024). Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks. In <i>arXiv:2405.12654</i>."},"title":"Utilizing Description Logics for Global Explanations of Heterogeneous  Graph Neural Networks","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12654"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-05-26T19:04:55Z","date_created":"2024-05-26T18:49:59Z","author":[{"full_name":"Köhler, Dominik","last_name":"Köhler","first_name":"Dominik"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865"}]},{"year":"2024","page":"2204–2215","citation":{"chicago":"Blübaum, Lukas, and Stefan Heindorf. “Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning.” In <i>The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)</i>, 2204–2215. ACM, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>.","ieee":"L. Blübaum and S. Heindorf, “Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning,” in <i>The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)</i>, Singapore, pp. 2204–2215, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>.","ama":"Blübaum L, Heindorf S. Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning. In: <i>The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)</i>. ACM; :2204–2215. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>","apa":"Blübaum, L., &#38; Heindorf, S. (n.d.). Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning. <i>The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)</i>, 2204–2215. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>","short":"L. Blübaum, S. Heindorf, in: The World Wide Web Conference (WWW), ACM, n.d., pp. 2204–2215.","mla":"Blübaum, Lukas, and Stefan Heindorf. “Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning.” <i>The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)</i>, ACM, pp. 2204–2215, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Blübaum_Heindorf, title={Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645610\">10.1145/3589334.3645610</a>}, booktitle={The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)}, publisher={ACM}, author={Blübaum, Lukas and Heindorf, Stefan}, pages={2204–2215} }"},"publication_status":"accepted","title":"Causal Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning","conference":{"location":"Singapore","end_date":"2024-05-17","start_date":"2024-05-13","name":"The Web Conference"},"doi":"10.1145/3589334.3645610","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02760"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-05-26T19:01:34Z","publisher":"ACM","date_created":"2024-03-01T16:32:39Z","author":[{"first_name":"Lukas","last_name":"Blübaum","full_name":"Blübaum, Lukas"},{"last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"}],"status":"public","publication":"The World Wide Web Conference (WWW)","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"52231","project":[{"name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"}],"department":[{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871"},{"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"285","name":"SAIL: SAIL - Nachhaltiger Lebenszyklus von intelligenten soziotechnischen Systemen","grant_number":"NW21-059D"}],"_id":"56213","user_id":"11871","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2024","place":"Boise, Idaho, USA","citation":{"ieee":"R. Sapkota, D. Köhler, and S. Heindorf, “EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs,” presented at the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Boise, Idaho, USA, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>.","chicago":"Sapkota, Rupesh, Dominik Köhler, and Stefan Heindorf. “EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs.” In <i>Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),</i>. Boise, Idaho, USA: ACM, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>.","ama":"Sapkota R, Köhler D, Heindorf S. EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs. In: <i>Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),</i>. ACM; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>","mla":"Sapkota, Rupesh, et al. “EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs.” <i>Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),</i> ACM, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>.","short":"R. Sapkota, D. Köhler, S. Heindorf, in: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24), ACM, Boise, Idaho, USA, 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Sapkota_Köhler_Heindorf_2024, place={Boise, Idaho, USA}, title={EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),}, publisher={ACM}, author={Sapkota, Rupesh and Köhler, Dominik and Heindorf, Stefan}, year={2024} }","apa":"Sapkota, R., Köhler, D., &#38; Heindorf, S. (2024). EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs. <i>Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’24),</i>. 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Boise, Idaho, USA. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3627673.3679904</a>"},"date_updated":"2024-09-23T12:30:25Z","oa":"1","publisher":"ACM","date_created":"2024-09-23T12:30:10Z","author":[{"last_name":"Sapkota","full_name":"Sapkota, Rupesh","id":"89326","first_name":"Rupesh"},{"full_name":"Köhler, Dominik","last_name":"Köhler","first_name":"Dominik"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan"}],"title":"EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://papers.dice-research.org/2024/CIKM_EDGE/public.pdf"}],"conference":{"name":"33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","start_date":"2024-10-21","end_date":"2024-10-25","location":"Boise, Idaho, USA"},"doi":"10.1145/3627673.3679904"},{"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","date_updated":"2024-09-23T12:36:17Z","date_created":"2024-09-23T12:31:23Z","author":[{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Jiayi","first_name":"Jiayi"},{"full_name":"Satheesh, Sheetal","last_name":"Satheesh","first_name":"Sheetal"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Moussallem","id":"71635","full_name":"Moussallem, Diego","first_name":"Diego"},{"full_name":"Speck, René","id":"70843","last_name":"Speck","first_name":"René"},{"last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"}],"title":"AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7","conference":{"location":"Malta, Valletta","end_date":"2024-07-19","start_date":"2024-07-17","name":"The 2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783031637865","9783031637872"],"issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"]},"publication_status":"published","place":"Cham","year":"2024","citation":{"bibtex":"@inbook{Li_Satheesh_Heindorf_Moussallem_Speck_Ngonga Ngomo_2024, place={Cham}, title={AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7\">10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7</a>}, booktitle={Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher={Springer Nature Switzerland}, author={Li, Jiayi and Satheesh, Sheetal and Heindorf, Stefan and Moussallem, Diego and Speck, René and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2024} }","short":"J. Li, S. Satheesh, S. Heindorf, D. Moussallem, R. Speck, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2024.","mla":"Li, Jiayi, et al. “AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning.” <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7\">10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7</a>.","apa":"Li, J., Satheesh, S., Heindorf, S., Moussallem, D., Speck, R., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2024). AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning. In <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>. The 2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, Malta, Valletta. Springer Nature Switzerland. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7</a>","ama":"Li J, Satheesh S, Heindorf S, Moussallem D, Speck R, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning. In: <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7\">10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7</a>","ieee":"J. Li, S. Satheesh, S. Heindorf, D. Moussallem, R. Speck, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning,” in <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024.","chicago":"Li, Jiayi, Sheetal Satheesh, Stefan Heindorf, Diego Moussallem, René Speck, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “AutoCL: AutoML for Concept Learning.” In <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63787-2_7</a>."},"_id":"56214","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"user_id":"11871","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","type":"book_chapter","status":"public"},{"doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2024/479","title":"ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling","author":[{"first_name":"N'Dah Jean","last_name":"KOUAGOU","id":"87189","full_name":"KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf"},{"last_name":"Demir","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817","first_name":"Caglar"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo"}],"date_created":"2024-08-19T12:43:55Z","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","date_updated":"2025-07-18T15:52:39Z","citation":{"mla":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling.” <i>Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>.","short":"N.J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{KOUAGOU_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2024, title={ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, publisher={International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2024} }","apa":"KOUAGOU, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2024). ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling. <i>Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>","ama":"KOUAGOU NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling. In: <i>Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>","chicago":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling.” In <i>Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>.","ieee":"N. J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “ROCES: Robust Class Expression Synthesis in Description Logics via Iterative Sampling,” 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/479\">10.24963/ijcai.2024/479</a>."},"year":"2024","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-06-26T08:06:07Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"user_id":"11871","_id":"55653","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-06-26T08:06:07Z","creator":"nkouagou","date_created":"2025-06-26T08:06:07Z","file_size":400277,"file_name":"public.pdf","file_id":"60394","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider the problem of class expression learning using cardinality-minimal sets of examples. Recent class expression learning approaches employ deep neural networks and have demonstrated tremendous performance improvements in execution time and quality of the computed solutions. However, they lack generalization capabilities when it comes to the number of examples used in a learning problem, i.e., they often perform poorly on unseen learning problems where only a few examples are given. In this work, we propose a generalization of the classical class expression learning problem to address the limitations above. In short, our generalized learning problem (GLP) forces learning systems to solve the classical class expression learning problem using the smallest possible subsets of examples, thereby improving the learning systems' ability to solve unseen learning problems with arbitrary numbers of examples. Moreover, we develop ROCES, a learning algorithm for synthesis-based approaches to solve GLP. Experimental results suggest that post training, ROCES outperforms existing synthesis-based approaches on out-of-distribution learning problems while remaining highly competitive overall."}],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"date_created":"2023-08-08T11:49:51Z","author":[{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716"},{"full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817","last_name":"Demir","first_name":"Caglar"},{"full_name":"Kouagou, N'Dah Jean","id":"87189","last_name":"Kouagou","first_name":"N'Dah Jean"},{"first_name":"Stefan","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865"},{"last_name":"Karalis","full_name":"Karalis, Nikoloas","first_name":"Nikoloas"},{"first_name":"Alexander","id":"72857","full_name":"Bigerl, Alexander","last_name":"Bigerl"}],"date_updated":"2023-11-21T08:06:20Z","publisher":"IOS Press","title":"Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations","page":"272–286","citation":{"ama":"Ngonga Ngomo A-C, Demir C, Kouagou NJ, Heindorf S, Karalis N, Bigerl A. Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations. In: <i>Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence</i>. IOS Press; 2023:272–286.","chicago":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille, Caglar Demir, N’Dah Jean Kouagou, Stefan Heindorf, Nikoloas Karalis, and Alexander Bigerl. “Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations.” In <i>Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence</i>, 272–286. IOS Press, 2023.","ieee":"A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, C. Demir, N. J. Kouagou, S. Heindorf, N. Karalis, and A. Bigerl, “Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations,” in <i>Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence</i>, IOS Press, 2023, pp. 272–286.","bibtex":"@inbook{Ngonga Ngomo_Demir_Kouagou_Heindorf_Karalis_Bigerl_2023, title={Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations}, booktitle={Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence}, publisher={IOS Press}, author={Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Demir, Caglar and Kouagou, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Karalis, Nikoloas and Bigerl, Alexander}, year={2023}, pages={272–286} }","short":"A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, C. Demir, N.J. Kouagou, S. Heindorf, N. Karalis, A. Bigerl, in: Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence, IOS Press, 2023, pp. 272–286.","mla":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille, et al. “Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations.” <i>Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence</i>, IOS Press, 2023, pp. 272–286.","apa":"Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Demir, C., Kouagou, N. J., Heindorf, S., Karalis, N., &#38; Bigerl, A. (2023). Class Expression Learning with Multiple Representations. In <i>Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence</i> (pp. 272–286). IOS Press."},"year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"user_id":"14931","_id":"46460","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence","type":"book_chapter","status":"public"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ama":"Demir C, Wiebesiek M, Lu R, Ngonga Ngomo A-C, Heindorf S. LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals. <i>ECML PKDD</i>. Published online 2023.","ieee":"C. Demir, M. Wiebesiek, R. Lu, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, and S. Heindorf, “LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals,” <i>ECML PKDD</i>, 2023.","chicago":"Demir, Caglar, Michel Wiebesiek, Renzhong Lu, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, and Stefan Heindorf. “LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals.” <i>ECML PKDD</i>, 2023.","apa":"Demir, C., Wiebesiek, M., Lu, R., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., &#38; Heindorf, S. (2023). LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals. <i>ECML PKDD</i>. European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Torino.","mla":"Demir, Caglar, et al. “LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals.” <i>ECML PKDD</i>, 2023.","short":"C. Demir, M. Wiebesiek, R. Lu, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, S. Heindorf, ECML PKDD (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Demir_Wiebesiek_Lu_Ngonga Ngomo_Heindorf_2023, title={LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals}, journal={ECML PKDD}, author={Demir, Caglar and Wiebesiek, Michel and Lu, Renzhong and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Heindorf, Stefan}, year={2023} }"},"year":"2023","date_created":"2023-08-01T09:24:21Z","author":[{"first_name":"Caglar","id":"43817","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","last_name":"Demir"},{"last_name":"Wiebesiek","full_name":"Wiebesiek, Michel","first_name":"Michel"},{"full_name":"Lu, Renzhong","last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Renzhong"},{"id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871"}],"date_updated":"2024-03-06T16:18:53Z","oa":"1","conference":{"name":"European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases","location":"Torino"},"title":"LitCQD: Multi-Hop Reasoning in Incomplete Knowledge Graphs with Numeric Literals","publication":"ECML PKDD","type":"journal_article","status":"public","file":[{"file_size":562759,"file_name":"public.pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"46249","date_updated":"2023-08-01T09:24:15Z","creator":"cdemir","date_created":"2023-08-01T09:24:15Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"department":[{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"14931","_id":"46248","project":[{"grant_number":"101070305","_id":"407","name":"ENEXA: Efficient Explainable Learning on Knowledge Graphs"},{"name":"KnowGraphs: KnowGraphs: Knowledge Graphs at Scale","_id":"410","grant_number":"860801"},{"name":"SAIL: SAIL: SustAInable Life-cycle of Intelligent Socio-Technical Systems","_id":"285","grant_number":"NW21-059D"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-08-01T09:24:15Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"]},{"title":"Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D)","date_created":"2023-09-25T13:42:01Z","publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"54417","file_name":"NCES2_public.pdf","file_size":432708,"creator":"heindorf","date_created":"2024-05-22T10:45:08Z","date_updated":"2024-05-22T10:46:58Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Class expression learning in description logics has long been regarded as an iterative search problem in an infinite conceptual space. Each iteration of the search process invokes a reasoner and a heuristic function. The reasoner finds the instances of the current expression, and the heuristic function computes the information gain and decides on the next step to be taken. As the size of the background knowledge base grows, search-based approaches for class expression learning become prohibitively slow. Current neural class expression synthesis (NCES) approaches investigate the use of neural networks for class expression learning in the attributive language with complement (ALC). While they show significant improvements over search-based approaches in runtime and quality of the computed solutions, they rely on the availability of pretrained embeddings for the input knowledge base. Moreover, they are not applicable to ontologies in more expressive description logics. In this paper, we propose a novel NCES approach which extends the state of the art to the description logic ALCHIQ(D). Our extension, dubbed NCES2, comes with an improved training data generator and does not require pretrained embeddings for the input knowledge base as both the embedding model and the class expression synthesizer are trained jointly. Empirical results on benchmark datasets suggest that our approach inherits the scalability capability of current NCES instances with the additional advantage that it supports more complex learning problems. NCES2 achieves the highest performance overall when compared to search-based approaches and to its predecessor NCES. We provide our source code, datasets, and pretrained models at https://github.com/dice-group/NCES2."}],"publication":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12","conference":{"name":"European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases","start_date":"2023-09-18","end_date":"2023-09-22","location":"Turin"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://papers.dice-research.org/2023/ECML_NCES2/NCES2_public.pdf"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Kouagou, N'Dah Jean","id":"87189","last_name":"Kouagou","first_name":"N'Dah Jean"},{"last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Caglar","last_name":"Demir","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817"},{"id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"}],"date_updated":"2024-05-22T10:48:24Z","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Kouagou, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2023). Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D). In <i>Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track</i>. European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Turin. Springer Nature Switzerland. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12</a>","mla":"Kouagou, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D).” <i>Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track</i>, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12</a>.","bibtex":"@inbook{Kouagou_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2023, place={Cham}, title={Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D)}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12</a>}, booktitle={Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track}, publisher={Springer Nature Switzerland}, author={Kouagou, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2023} }","short":"N.J. Kouagou, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.","ama":"Kouagou NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D). In: <i>Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track</i>. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12</a>","chicago":"Kouagou, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D).” In <i>Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track</i>. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43421-1_12</a>.","ieee":"N. J. Kouagou, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Neural Class Expression Synthesis in ALCHIQ(D),” in <i>Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track</i>, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023."},"place":"Cham","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"isbn":["9783031434204","9783031434211"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2024-05-22T10:46:58Z","department":[{"_id":"760"},{"_id":"574"}],"user_id":"11871","_id":"47421","status":"public","type":"book_chapter"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2301.05109"]},"_id":"37937","department":[{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871","abstract":[{"text":"Knowledge bases are widely used for information management on the web,\r\nenabling high-impact applications such as web search, question answering, and\r\nnatural language processing. They also serve as the backbone for automatic\r\ndecision systems, e.g. for medical diagnostics and credit scoring. As\r\nstakeholders affected by these decisions would like to understand their\r\nsituation and verify fair decisions, a number of explanation approaches have\r\nbeen proposed using concepts in description logics. However, the learned\r\nconcepts can become long and difficult to fathom for non-experts, even when\r\nverbalized. Moreover, long concepts do not immediately provide a clear path of\r\naction to change one's situation. Counterfactuals answering the question \"How\r\nmust feature values be changed to obtain a different classification?\" have been\r\nproposed as short, human-friendly explanations for tabular data. In this paper,\r\nwe transfer the notion of counterfactuals to description logics and propose the\r\nfirst algorithm for generating counterfactual explanations in the description\r\nlogic $\\mathcal{ELH}$. Counterfactual candidates are generated from concepts\r\nand the candidates with fewest feature changes are selected as counterfactuals.\r\nIn case of multiple counterfactuals, we rank them according to the likeliness\r\nof their feature combinations. For evaluation, we conduct a user survey to\r\ninvestigate which of the generated counterfactual candidates are preferred for\r\nexplanation by participants. In a second study, we explore possible use cases\r\nfor counterfactual explanations.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"arXiv:2301.05109","type":"preprint","title":"Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.05109.pdf"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-05-26T19:03:44Z","author":[{"first_name":"Leonie Nora","last_name":"Sieger","id":"93402","full_name":"Sieger, Leonie Nora"},{"last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Blübaum","full_name":"Blübaum, Lukas","first_name":"Lukas"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo"}],"date_created":"2023-01-22T19:36:01Z","year":"2023","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Sieger_Heindorf_Blübaum_Ngonga Ngomo_2023, title={Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning}, journal={arXiv:2301.05109}, author={Sieger, Leonie Nora and Heindorf, Stefan and Blübaum, Lukas and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2023} }","short":"L.N. Sieger, S. Heindorf, L. Blübaum, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, ArXiv:2301.05109 (2023).","mla":"Sieger, Leonie Nora, et al. “Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning.” <i>ArXiv:2301.05109</i>, 2023.","apa":"Sieger, L. N., Heindorf, S., Blübaum, L., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2023). Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning. In <i>arXiv:2301.05109</i>.","ama":"Sieger LN, Heindorf S, Blübaum L, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning. <i>arXiv:230105109</i>. Published online 2023.","chicago":"Sieger, Leonie Nora, Stefan Heindorf, Lukas Blübaum, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning.” <i>ArXiv:2301.05109</i>, 2023.","ieee":"L. N. Sieger, S. Heindorf, L. Blübaum, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Explaining ELH Concept Descriptions through Counterfactual Reasoning,” <i>arXiv:2301.05109</i>. 2023."}},{"_id":"54612","user_id":"67199","department":[{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"760"}],"keyword":["318 SFB-TRR demir dice enexa heindorf knowgraphs kouagou ngonga sail"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa di Pontignano, Siena, Italy","status":"public","publisher":"CEUR-WS","date_updated":"2024-06-04T15:40:30Z","date_created":"2024-06-04T15:36:52Z","author":[{"first_name":"N'Dah Jean","id":"87189","full_name":"KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean","last_name":"KOUAGOU"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf"},{"full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817","last_name":"Demir","first_name":"Caglar"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo"}],"title":"Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract)","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"KOUAGOU NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract). In: <i>NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa Di Pontignano, Siena, Italy</i>. CEUR-WS; 2023.","ieee":"N. J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract),” 2023.","chicago":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract).” In <i>NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa Di Pontignano, Siena, Italy</i>. CEUR-WS, 2023.","apa":"KOUAGOU, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2023). Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract). <i>NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa Di Pontignano, Siena, Italy</i>.","short":"N.J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa Di Pontignano, Siena, Italy, CEUR-WS, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{KOUAGOU_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2023, title={Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract)}, booktitle={NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa di Pontignano, Siena, Italy}, publisher={CEUR-WS}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2023} }","mla":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis (Extended Abstract).” <i>NeSy 2023, 17th International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Certosa Di Pontignano, Siena, Italy</i>, CEUR-WS, 2023."}},{"external_id":{"unknown":["https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13"]},"keyword":["Neural network","Concept learning","Description logics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Many applications require explainable node classification in knowledge graphs. Towards this end, a popular ``white-box'' approach is class expression learning: Given sets of positive and negative nodes, class expressions in description logics are learned that separate positive from negative nodes. Most existing approaches are search-based approaches generating many candidate class expressions and selecting the best one. However, they often take a long time to find suitable class expressions. In this paper, we cast class expression learning as a translation problem and propose a new family of class expression learning approaches which we dub neural class expression synthesizers. Training examples are ``translated'' into class expressions in a fashion akin to machine translation. Consequently, our synthesizers are not subject to the runtime limitations of search-based approaches. We study three instances of this novel family of approaches based on LSTMs, GRUs, and set transformers, respectively. An evaluation of our approach on four benchmark datasets suggests that it can effectively synthesize high-quality class expressions with respect to the input examples in approximately one second on average. Moreover, a comparison to state-of-the-art approaches suggests that we achieve better F-measures on large datasets. For reproducibility purposes, we provide our implementation as well as pretrained models in our public GitHub repository at https://github.com/dice-group/NeuralClassExpressionSynthesis"}],"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","date_created":"2022-10-15T19:20:11Z","title":"Neural Class Expression Synthesis","year":"2023","project":[{"name":"KnowGraphs: KnowGraphs: Knowledge Graphs at Scale","_id":"410"},{"grant_number":"101070305","name":"ENEXA: Efficient Explainable Learning on Knowledge Graphs","_id":"407"},{"name":"SAIL: SAIL: SustAInable Life-cycle of Intelligent Socio-Technical Systems","_id":"285","grant_number":"NW21-059D"}],"_id":"33734","user_id":"11871","department":[{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"760"}],"type":"conference","editor":[{"full_name":"Pesquita, Catia","last_name":"Pesquita","first_name":"Catia"},{"last_name":"Jimenez-Ruiz","full_name":"Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto","first_name":"Ernesto"},{"first_name":"Jamie","full_name":"McCusker, Jamie","last_name":"McCusker"},{"last_name":"Faria","full_name":"Faria, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Mauro","last_name":"Dragoni","full_name":"Dragoni, Mauro"},{"last_name":"Dimou","full_name":"Dimou, Anastasia","first_name":"Anastasia"},{"last_name":"Troncy","full_name":"Troncy, Raphael","first_name":"Raphael"},{"full_name":"Hertling, Sven","last_name":"Hertling","first_name":"Sven"}],"status":"public","oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-07-02T18:10:02Z","author":[{"first_name":"N'Dah Jean","last_name":"KOUAGOU","full_name":"KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean","id":"87189"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871"},{"first_name":"Caglar","last_name":"Demir","id":"43817","full_name":"Demir, Caglar"},{"full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"}],"volume":13870,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://2023.eswc-conferences.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/paper_Kouagou_2023_Neural.pdf"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13","conference":{"start_date":"2023-05-28","name":"20th Extended Semantic Web Conference","location":"Hersonissos, Crete, Greece","end_date":"2023-06-01"},"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"unknown":["978-3-031-33455-9"]},"citation":{"short":"N.J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: C. Pesquita, E. Jimenez-Ruiz, J. McCusker, D. Faria, M. Dragoni, A. Dimou, R. Troncy, S. Hertling (Eds.), The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023), Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 209–226.","mla":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis.” <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>, edited by Catia Pesquita et al., vol. 13870, Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 209–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{KOUAGOU_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2023, title={Neural Class Expression Synthesis}, volume={13870}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>}, booktitle={The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, editor={Pesquita, Catia and Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto and McCusker, Jamie and Faria, Daniel and Dragoni, Mauro and Dimou, Anastasia and Troncy, Raphael and Hertling, Sven}, year={2023}, pages={209–226} }","apa":"KOUAGOU, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2023). Neural Class Expression Synthesis. In C. Pesquita, E. Jimenez-Ruiz, J. McCusker, D. Faria, M. Dragoni, A. Dimou, R. Troncy, &#38; S. Hertling (Eds.), <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i> (Vol. 13870, pp. 209–226). Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>","ieee":"N. J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Neural Class Expression Synthesis,” in <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, 2023, vol. 13870, pp. 209–226, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.","chicago":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis.” In <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>, edited by Catia Pesquita, Ernesto Jimenez-Ruiz, Jamie McCusker, Daniel Faria, Mauro Dragoni, Anastasia Dimou, Raphael Troncy, and Sven Hertling, 13870:209–26. Springer International Publishing, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.","ama":"KOUAGOU NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Neural Class Expression Synthesis. In: Pesquita C, Jimenez-Ruiz E, McCusker J, et al., eds. <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>. Vol 13870. Springer International Publishing; 2023:209-226. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>"},"intvolume":"     13870","page":"209 - 226"},{"date_updated":"2024-11-29T12:33:19Z","oa":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Alkid","orcid":"0009-0001-3279-0161","last_name":"Baci","id":"92869","full_name":"Baci, Alkid"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","id":"11871"}],"date_created":"2023-08-19T08:02:54Z","title":"Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling","doi":"10.1145/3583780.3615158","conference":{"start_date":"2023-10-21","end_date":"2023-10-25","location":"Birmingham, UK"},"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2023","page":"3733–3737","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Baci_Heindorf_2023, title={Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>}, booktitle={CIKM}, author={Baci, Alkid and Heindorf, Stefan}, year={2023}, pages={3733–3737} }","mla":"Baci, Alkid, and Stefan Heindorf. “Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling.” <i>CIKM</i>, 2023, pp. 3733–3737, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>.","short":"A. Baci, S. Heindorf, in: CIKM, 2023, pp. 3733–3737.","apa":"Baci, A., &#38; Heindorf, S. (2023). Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling. <i>CIKM</i>, 3733–3737. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>","ieee":"A. Baci and S. Heindorf, “Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling,” in <i>CIKM</i>, Birmingham, UK, 2023, pp. 3733–3737, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>.","chicago":"Baci, Alkid, and Stefan Heindorf. “Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling.” In <i>CIKM</i>, 3733–3737, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>.","ama":"Baci A, Heindorf S. Accelerating Concept Learning via Sampling. In: <i>CIKM</i>. ; 2023:3733–3737. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615158\">10.1145/3583780.3615158</a>"},"_id":"46575","department":[{"_id":"760"}],"user_id":"11871","ddc":["000"],"file_date_updated":"2023-08-19T08:08:39Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"CIKM","type":"conference","status":"public","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-08-19T08:08:39Z","creator":"heindorf","date_created":"2023-08-19T08:08:39Z","file_size":523067,"file_id":"46577","file_name":"baci2023_CIKM.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}]},{"keyword":["Assistance system","Knowledge graph","Information retrieval","Neural networks","AR"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"33957","project":[{"name":"KIAM: KIAM: Kompetenzzentrum KI in der Arbeitswelt des industriellen Mittelstands in OstWestfalenLippe","_id":"409","grant_number":"02L19C115"}],"department":[{"_id":"178"},{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"184"}],"user_id":"44648","series_title":"2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Manufacturing companies are challenged to make the increasingly complex work processes equally manageable for all employees to prevent an impending loss of competence. In this contribution, an intelligent assistance system is proposed enabling employees to help themselves in the workplace and provide them with competence-related support. This results in increasing the short- and long-term efficiency of problem solving in companies."}],"status":"public","type":"conference","title":"AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing","conference":{"location":"Stuttgart","end_date":"2022-09-09","start_date":"2022-09-06","name":"ETFA"},"doi":"10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520","date_updated":"2023-11-23T08:07:51Z","author":[{"full_name":"Deppe, Sahar","last_name":"Deppe","first_name":"Sahar"},{"full_name":"Brandt, Lukas","last_name":"Brandt","first_name":"Lukas"},{"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Brünninghaus","full_name":"Brünninghaus, Marc"},{"full_name":"Papenkordt, Jörg","id":"44648","last_name":"Papenkordt","first_name":"Jörg"},{"first_name":"Stefan","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865"},{"last_name":"Tschirner-Vinke","full_name":"Tschirner-Vinke, Gudrun","first_name":"Gudrun"}],"date_created":"2022-10-28T11:43:49Z","year":"2022","citation":{"ieee":"S. Deppe, L. Brandt, M. Brünninghaus, J. Papenkordt, S. Heindorf, and G. Tschirner-Vinke, “AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing.” 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>.","chicago":"Deppe, Sahar, Lukas Brandt, Marc Brünninghaus, Jörg Papenkordt, Stefan Heindorf, and Gudrun Tschirner-Vinke. “AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing.” 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>.","ama":"Deppe S, Brandt L, Brünninghaus M, Papenkordt J, Heindorf S, Tschirner-Vinke G. AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing. Published online 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>","mla":"Deppe, Sahar, et al. <i>AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing</i>. 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Deppe_Brandt_Brünninghaus_Papenkordt_Heindorf_Tschirner-Vinke_2022, series={2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}, title={AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>}, author={Deppe, Sahar and Brandt, Lukas and Brünninghaus, Marc and Papenkordt, Jörg and Heindorf, Stefan and Tschirner-Vinke, Gudrun}, year={2022}, collection={2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)} }","short":"S. Deppe, L. Brandt, M. Brünninghaus, J. Papenkordt, S. Heindorf, G. Tschirner-Vinke, (2022).","apa":"Deppe, S., Brandt, L., Brünninghaus, M., Papenkordt, J., Heindorf, S., &#38; Tschirner-Vinke, G. (2022). <i>AI-Based Assistance System for Manufacturing</i>. ETFA, Stuttgart. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921520</a>"},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9921520"}]}},{"type":"book_chapter","publication":"The Semantic Web","status":"public","_id":"33740","user_id":"11871","department":[{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"760"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"isbn":["9783031069802","9783031069819"]},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14","relation":"confirmation"}]},"year":"2022","place":"Cham","citation":{"ama":"KOUAGOU NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC. In: <i>The Semantic Web</i>. Springer International Publishing; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14\">10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14</a>","ieee":"N. J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC,” in <i>The Semantic Web</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022.","chicago":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC.” In <i>The Semantic Web</i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14</a>.","apa":"KOUAGOU, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2022). Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC. In <i>The Semantic Web</i>. Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{KOUAGOU_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2022, place={Cham}, title={Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14\">10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14</a>}, booktitle={The Semantic Web}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2022} }","short":"N.J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: The Semantic Web, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022.","mla":"KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC.” <i>The Semantic Web</i>, Springer International Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14\">10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14</a>."},"date_updated":"2024-04-03T13:26:10Z","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","oa":"1","date_created":"2022-10-15T19:34:41Z","author":[{"id":"87189","full_name":"KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean","last_name":"KOUAGOU","first_name":"N'Dah Jean"},{"first_name":"Stefan","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan","last_name":"Heindorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865"},{"last_name":"Demir","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","id":"43817","first_name":"Caglar"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716"}],"title":"Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04911","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-06981-9_14"},{"department":[{"_id":"574"}],"user_id":"11871","_id":"29290","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"WWW","type":"conference","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Classifying nodes in knowledge graphs is an important task, e.g., predicting\r\nmissing types of entities, predicting which molecules cause cancer, or\r\npredicting which drugs are promising treatment candidates. While black-box\r\nmodels often achieve high predictive performance, they are only post-hoc and\r\nlocally explainable and do not allow the learned model to be easily enriched\r\nwith domain knowledge. Towards this end, learning description logic concepts\r\nfrom positive and negative examples has been proposed. However, learning such\r\nconcepts often takes a long time and state-of-the-art approaches provide\r\nlimited support for literal data values, although they are crucial for many\r\napplications. In this paper, we propose EvoLearner - an evolutionary approach\r\nto learn ALCQ(D), which is the attributive language with complement (ALC)\r\npaired with qualified cardinality restrictions (Q) and data properties (D). We\r\ncontribute a novel initialization method for the initial population: starting\r\nfrom positive examples (nodes in the knowledge graph), we perform biased random\r\nwalks and translate them to description logic concepts. Moreover, we improve\r\nsupport for data properties by maximizing information gain when deciding where\r\nto split the data. We show that our approach significantly outperforms the\r\nstate of the art on the benchmarking framework SML-Bench for structured machine\r\nlearning. Our ablation study confirms that this is due to our novel\r\ninitialization method and support for data properties."}],"date_created":"2022-01-12T10:22:53Z","author":[{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-4525-6865","last_name":"Heindorf","id":"11871","full_name":"Heindorf, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Blübaum","full_name":"Blübaum, Lukas","first_name":"Lukas"},{"first_name":"Nick","full_name":"Düsterhus, Nick","last_name":"Düsterhus"},{"full_name":"Werner, Till","last_name":"Werner","first_name":"Till"},{"first_name":"Varun Nandkumar","last_name":"Golani","full_name":"Golani, Varun Nandkumar"},{"first_name":"Caglar","id":"43817","full_name":"Demir, Caglar","last_name":"Demir"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille"}],"date_updated":"2024-05-26T19:13:09Z","oa":"1","publisher":"ACM","doi":"10.1145/3485447.3511925","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.04879"}],"title":"EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms","page":"818-828","citation":{"ieee":"S. Heindorf <i>et al.</i>, “EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms,” in <i>WWW</i>, 2022, pp. 818–828, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>.","chicago":"Heindorf, Stefan, Lukas Blübaum, Nick Düsterhus, Till Werner, Varun Nandkumar Golani, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms.” In <i>WWW</i>, 818–28. ACM, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>.","ama":"Heindorf S, Blübaum L, Düsterhus N, et al. EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms. In: <i>WWW</i>. ACM; 2022:818-828. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Heindorf_Blübaum_Düsterhus_Werner_Golani_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2022, title={EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>}, booktitle={WWW}, publisher={ACM}, author={Heindorf, Stefan and Blübaum, Lukas and Düsterhus, Nick and Werner, Till and Golani, Varun Nandkumar and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, year={2022}, pages={818–828} }","short":"S. Heindorf, L. Blübaum, N. Düsterhus, T. Werner, V.N. Golani, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: WWW, ACM, 2022, pp. 818–828.","mla":"Heindorf, Stefan, et al. “EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms.” <i>WWW</i>, ACM, 2022, pp. 818–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>.","apa":"Heindorf, S., Blübaum, L., Düsterhus, N., Werner, T., Golani, V. N., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2022). EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms. <i>WWW</i>, 818–828. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511925</a>"},"year":"2022"}]