---
_id: '63660'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) is regaining relevance
for refrigeration to temperatures below 1 K as global helium-3 supply is increasingly
strained. While ADR at these temperatures is long established with paramagnetic
hydrated salts, more recently, frustrated rare-earth oxides were found to offer
higher entropy densities and practical advantages, since they do not degrade under
heating or evacuation. We report structural, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties
of the rare-earth borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9 with X = (Yb, Gd). Except for
Ba3GdB9O18, which orders at 108 mK, the three other materials remain paramagnetic
down to their lowest measured temperatures. ADR performance starting at 2 K in
a field of 5 T is analyzed and compared to literature.
article_number: '290'
author:
- first_name: Marvin
full_name: Klinger, Marvin
last_name: Klinger
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Treu, Tim
last_name: Treu
- first_name: Felix
full_name: Kreisberger, Felix
last_name: Kreisberger
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Heil, Christian
id: '120539'
last_name: Heil
orcid: 0009-0006-4365-5607
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Klinger, Anna
last_name: Klinger
- first_name: Anton
full_name: Jesche, Anton
last_name: Jesche
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Gegenwart, Philipp
last_name: Gegenwart
citation:
ama: Klinger M, Treu T, Kreisberger F, et al. Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization
Refrigeration with Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd). Applied
Sciences. 2025;16(1). doi:10.3390/app16010290
apa: Klinger, M., Treu, T., Kreisberger, F., Heil, C., Klinger, A., Jesche, A.,
& Gegenwart, P. (2025). Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration with
Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd). Applied Sciences,
16(1), Article 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010290
bibtex: '@article{Klinger_Treu_Kreisberger_Heil_Klinger_Jesche_Gegenwart_2025, title={Sub-1
K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration with Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and
Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd)}, volume={16}, DOI={10.3390/app16010290},
number={1290}, journal={Applied Sciences}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Klinger,
Marvin and Treu, Tim and Kreisberger, Felix and Heil, Christian and Klinger, Anna
and Jesche, Anton and Gegenwart, Philipp}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Klinger, Marvin, Tim Treu, Felix Kreisberger, Christian Heil, Anna Klinger,
Anton Jesche, and Philipp Gegenwart. “Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration
with Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd).” Applied Sciences
16, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010290.
ieee: 'M. Klinger et al., “Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration
with Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd),” Applied Sciences,
vol. 16, no. 1, Art. no. 290, 2025, doi: 10.3390/app16010290.'
mla: Klinger, Marvin, et al. “Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration with
Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18 and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd).” Applied Sciences,
vol. 16, no. 1, 290, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:10.3390/app16010290.
short: M. Klinger, T. Treu, F. Kreisberger, C. Heil, A. Klinger, A. Jesche, P. Gegenwart,
Applied Sciences 16 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-19T16:01:22Z
date_updated: 2026-01-19T16:03:37Z
doi: 10.3390/app16010290
intvolume: ' 16'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Applied Sciences
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2076-3417
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: Sub-1 K Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration with Rare-Earth Borates Ba3XB9O18
and Ba3XB3O9, X = (Yb, Gd)
type: journal_article
user_id: '120539'
volume: 16
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61328'
article_number: '094407'
author:
- first_name: Zhuoqun
full_name: Wang, Zhuoqun
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Xueling
full_name: Cui, Xueling
last_name: Cui
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Treu, Tim
last_name: Treu
- first_name: Jiesen
full_name: Guo, Jiesen
last_name: Guo
- first_name: Xinyang
full_name: Liu, Xinyang
last_name: Liu
- first_name: Marvin
full_name: Klinger, Marvin
last_name: Klinger
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Heil, Christian
id: '120539'
last_name: Heil
orcid: 0009-0006-4365-5607
- first_name: Nvsen
full_name: Ma, Nvsen
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Xianlei
full_name: Sheng, Xianlei
last_name: Sheng
- first_name: Zheng
full_name: Deng, Zheng
last_name: Deng
- first_name: Xingye
full_name: Lu, Xingye
last_name: Lu
- first_name: Xiancheng
full_name: Wang, Xiancheng
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Wei
full_name: Li, Wei
last_name: Li
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Gegenwart, Philipp
last_name: Gegenwart
- first_name: Changqing
full_name: Jin, Changqing
last_name: Jin
- first_name: Kan
full_name: Zhao, Kan
last_name: Zhao
citation:
ama: Wang Z, Cui X, Treu T, et al. Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior
induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice <mml:math
xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>BW</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>.
Physical Review Materials. 2025;9(9). doi:10.1103/7l6y-hdw5
apa: Wang, Z., Cui, X., Treu, T., Guo, J., Liu, X., Klinger, M., Heil, C., Ma, N.,
Sheng, X., Deng, Z., Lu, X., Wang, X., Li, W., Gegenwart, P., Jin, C., & Zhao,
K. (2025). Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric
effect in distorted kagome lattice <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>BW</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>.
Physical Review Materials, 9(9), Article 094407. https://doi.org/10.1103/7l6y-hdw5
bibtex: '@article{Wang_Cui_Treu_Guo_Liu_Klinger_Heil_Ma_Sheng_Deng_et al._2025,
title={Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric
effect in distorted kagome lattice <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>BW</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>},
volume={9}, DOI={10.1103/7l6y-hdw5},
number={9094407}, journal={Physical Review Materials}, publisher={American Physical
Society (APS)}, author={Wang, Zhuoqun and Cui, Xueling and Treu, Tim and Guo,
Jiesen and Liu, Xinyang and Klinger, Marvin and Heil, Christian and Ma, Nvsen
and Sheng, Xianlei and Deng, Zheng and et al.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Wang, Zhuoqun, Xueling Cui, Tim Treu, Jiesen Guo, Xinyang Liu, Marvin Klinger,
Christian Heil, et al. “Antiferromagnetic Ordering and Critical Behavior Induced
Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Distorted Kagome Lattice <mml:Math Xmlns:Mml="http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:Mrow><mml:Mi
Mathvariant="normal">G</Mml:Mi><mml:Msub><mml:Mi Mathvariant="normal">d</Mml:Mi><mml:Mn>3</Mml:Mn></Mml:Msub><mml:Mi>BW</Mml:Mi><mml:Msub><mml:Mi
Mathvariant="normal">O</Mml:Mi><mml:Mn>9</Mml:Mn></Mml:Msub></Mml:Mrow></Mml:Math>.”
Physical Review Materials 9, no. 9 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1103/7l6y-hdw5.
ieee: 'Z. Wang et al., “Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior
induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice <mml:math
xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>BW</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi
mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>,”
Physical Review Materials, vol. 9, no. 9, Art. no. 094407, 2025, doi: 10.1103/7l6y-hdw5.'
mla: Wang, Zhuoqun, et al. “Antiferromagnetic Ordering and Critical Behavior Induced
Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Distorted Kagome Lattice <mml:Math Xmlns:Mml="http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:Mrow><mml:Mi
Mathvariant="normal">G</Mml:Mi><mml:Msub><mml:Mi Mathvariant="normal">d</Mml:Mi><mml:Mn>3</Mml:Mn></Mml:Msub><mml:Mi>BW</Mml:Mi><mml:Msub><mml:Mi
Mathvariant="normal">O</Mml:Mi><mml:Mn>9</Mml:Mn></Mml:Msub></Mml:Mrow></Mml:Math>.”
Physical Review Materials, vol. 9, no. 9, 094407, American Physical Society
(APS), 2025, doi:10.1103/7l6y-hdw5.
short: Z. Wang, X. Cui, T. Treu, J. Guo, X. Liu, M. Klinger, C. Heil, N. Ma, X.
Sheng, Z. Deng, X. Lu, X. Wang, W. Li, P. Gegenwart, C. Jin, K. Zhao, Physical
Review Materials 9 (2025).
date_created: 2025-09-17T13:08:11Z
date_updated: 2025-09-17T14:21:31Z
doi: 10.1103/7l6y-hdw5
intvolume: ' 9'
issue: '9'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Physical Review Materials
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2475-9953
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
status: public
title: Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric
effect in distorted kagome lattice Gd3BWO9
type: journal_article
user_id: '120539'
volume: 9
year: '2025'
...