[{"user_id":"210","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"project":[{"name":"Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen","_id":"92","grant_number":"02 PQ2210"}],"_id":"9871","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["wedge/wedge bonding","copper wire","tool wear"],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Wire bonding is the most common technology for connecting electronic components. Due to their efficiency bond interconnections made of copper wire are used for example in the aerospace and medical technology as well as in the fields of renewable energies. One of the main cost factors in the manufacturing process is the consumables like bonding tools. The technological transition to copper as wire material causes significant wear on the millimeter large effective contact area of the bonding tool. This wear leads to a loss by a factor of 30 of the number of reliable interconnections which can be produced by a single tool. To reduce setting-up time in the production and minimizing costs, an enlarged bonding tool lifetime is desirable. Consequently a better understanding of wear and recognition of wear pattern is required. Therefore, the paper presents an analyzing method of the tool topography change of a heavy wire bonding tool by using a confocal microscope. Furthermore, the paper discusses the identification of the main wear indicators by the help of the named topography change for different bond parameters, like ultrasonic power and tool geometry. Reference topography has been carried out by choosing typical parameters of the production line. To judge whether the quality requirement of the bond connections made by a single tool cannot be fulfilled shear test of the source bond have been carried out after a defined number of produced bond connections. Main steps of analysis: (I)Topography of the tool surface is sampled after a defined number of bonds by means of a confocal microscope to detect the wear progress.(II)The recorded data is filtered using Matlab. So, measurement errors can be eliminated and the topography can be overlaid more easy to identify differences between diverse tools or differences in wear stages of the same tool.(III)The subsequent discretization of the topography into sub volumes allows to (IV)describe the loss of volume depending on the position in the groove. Thereby, intermediate status of wear of one tool can be used to obtain a persistent description of the topography change over the number of produced bonds by interpolating the confocal data. Afterwards the persistent change of the groove flank has been analyzed for the named test series to identify the main wear indicators and their effect on shear forces. All worn tools show dominant areas for volume loss especially for plastic deformation and accordingly abrasion. These wear mechanism can be referred to the change of main parts of the groove geometry like the rounding of the front and back radius. The most volume loss was identified in the upper part of the tool flanks or rather at the transition from the groove flank to the front or back radius. Furthermore the observation of the center of the groove flank shows just a little change in volume. All in all, the identification of the wear indicators will be discussed with the objective of increasing the tool lifetime by optimizing the tool geometry without losses in bond quality and reliability."}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T12:18:55Z","author":[{"full_name":"Eichwald, Paul","last_name":"Eichwald","first_name":"Paul"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"},{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Althof","full_name":"Althof, Simon"},{"first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Eacock, Florian","last_name":"Eacock"},{"first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Unger, Andreas","last_name":"Unger"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias","last_name":"Meyer"},{"last_name":"Guth","full_name":"Guth, Karsten","first_name":"Karsten"}],"date_updated":"2020-05-07T05:33:45Z","doi":"10.4071/isom-THP34","title":"Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Eichwald_Sextro_Althof_Eacock_Unger_Meyer_Guth_2014, title={Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34\">10.4071/isom-THP34</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics}, author={Eichwald, Paul and Sextro, Walter and Althof, Simon and Eacock, Florian and Unger, Andreas and Meyer, Tobias and Guth, Karsten}, year={2014}, pages={856–861} }","mla":"Eichwald, Paul, et al. “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding.” <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics</i>, 2014, pp. 856–61, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34\">10.4071/isom-THP34</a>.","short":"P. Eichwald, W. Sextro, S. Althof, F. Eacock, A. Unger, T. Meyer, K. Guth, in: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2014, pp. 856–861.","apa":"Eichwald, P., Sextro, W., Althof, S., Eacock, F., Unger, A., Meyer, T., &#38; Guth, K. (2014). Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding. In <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics</i> (pp. 856–861). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34\">https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34</a>","ama":"Eichwald P, Sextro W, Althof S, et al. Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding. In: <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics</i>. ; 2014:856-861. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34\">10.4071/isom-THP34</a>","ieee":"P. Eichwald <i>et al.</i>, “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding,” in <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics</i>, 2014, pp. 856–861.","chicago":"Eichwald, Paul, Walter Sextro, Simon Althof, Florian Eacock, Andreas Unger, Tobias Meyer, and Karsten Guth. “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding.” In <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics</i>, 856–61, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34\">https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34</a>."},"page":"856-861","year":"2014"},{"type":"book","abstract":[{"text":"Intelligent technical systems, which combine mechanical, electrical and software engineering with methods from control engineering and advanced mathematics, go far beyond the state of the art in mechatronics and open up fascinating perspectives. Among these systems are so-called self-optimizing systems, which are able to adapt their behavior autonomously and flexibly to changing operating conditions. The Collaborative Research Center 614 \"Self-optimizing concepts and structures in mechanical engineering\" pursued the long-term aim to enable others to develop dependable self-optimizing systems. Assuring their dependability poses new challenges. However, self-optimization also offers the possibility to adapt the system's behavior to improve dependability during operation. The aim of this book is to provide methods and techniques to master the challenges and to exploit the possibilities given by self-optimization. The reader will be able to develop self-optimizing systems that fulfill and surpass today’s dependability requirements easily. This book is directed to researchers and practitioners alike. It gives a brief introduction to the holistic development approach for self-optimizing mechatronic systems and the steps required to assure a dependable product design starting with the very early conceptual design phase. A guideline to select suitable methods for each step and the methods themselves are included. Each method is individually introduced, many examples and full references are given.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"9873","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2014","citation":{"ama":"Gausemeier J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Vol Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014.","ieee":"J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro, <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, vol. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014.","chicago":"Gausemeier, Jürgen, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Vol. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014.","apa":"Gausemeier, J., Josef Rammig, F., Schäfer, W., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (Vol. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.","bibtex":"@book{Gausemeier_Josef Rammig_Schäfer_Sextro_2014, title={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, volume={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014} }","mla":"Gausemeier, Jürgen, et al. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Vol. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014.","short":"J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, W. Sextro, Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014."},"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:00:58Z","volume":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering","author":[{"first_name":"Jürgen","full_name":"Gausemeier, Jürgen","last_name":"Gausemeier"},{"last_name":"Josef Rammig","full_name":"Josef Rammig, Franz","first_name":"Franz"},{"last_name":"Schäfer","full_name":"Schäfer, Wilhelm","first_name":"Wilhelm"},{"last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T12:57:54Z","title":"Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems"},{"year":"2014","citation":{"ieee":"T. Hemsel, P. Bornmann, T. Morita, C. Sondermann-Wölke, and W. Sextro, “Reliability analysis of ultrasonic power transducers,” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, pp. 1–7, 2014.","chicago":"Hemsel, Tobias, Peter Bornmann, Takeshi Morita, Christoph Sondermann-Wölke, and Walter Sextro. “Reliability Analysis of Ultrasonic Power Transducers.” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, 2014, 1–7. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4</a>.","ama":"Hemsel T, Bornmann P, Morita T, Sondermann-Wölke C, Sextro W. Reliability analysis of ultrasonic power transducers. <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>. 2014:1-7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4\">10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4</a>","apa":"Hemsel, T., Bornmann, P., Morita, T., Sondermann-Wölke, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Reliability analysis of ultrasonic power transducers. <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, 1–7. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4</a>","mla":"Hemsel, Tobias, et al. “Reliability Analysis of Ultrasonic Power Transducers.” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–7, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4\">10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hemsel_Bornmann_Morita_Sondermann-Wölke_Sextro_2014, title={Reliability analysis of ultrasonic power transducers}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4\">10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4</a>}, journal={Archive of Applied Mechanics}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Hemsel, Tobias and Bornmann, Peter and Morita, Takeshi and Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={1–7} }","short":"T. Hemsel, P. Bornmann, T. Morita, C. Sondermann-Wölke, W. Sextro, Archive of Applied Mechanics (2014) 1–7."},"page":"1-7","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0939-1533"]},"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Reliability analysis of ultrasonic power transducers","doi":"10.1007/s00419-014-0965-4","date_updated":"2019-09-16T10:57:23Z","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","author":[{"full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","id":"210","last_name":"Hemsel","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Bornmann","full_name":"Bornmann, Peter"},{"first_name":"Takeshi","full_name":"Morita, Takeshi","last_name":"Morita"},{"full_name":"Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph","last_name":"Sondermann-Wölke","first_name":"Christoph"},{"last_name":"Sextro","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:01:25Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Archive of Applied Mechanics","keyword":["Reliability","Ultrasonic power transducers","FMEA"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9874","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Inertia motor","High velocity","Stick-slip motor","Slip-slip operation","Friction parameter identification"],"department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","_id":"9876","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Piezoelectric inertia motors use the inertia of a body to drive it by means of a friction contact in a series of small steps. It has been shown previously in theoretical investigations that higher velocities and smoother movements can be obtained if these steps do not contain phases of stiction (''stick-slip`` operation), but use sliding friction only (''slip-slip`` operation). One very promising driving option for such motors is the superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals or harmonics. In this contribution, the theoretical results are validated experimentally. In this context, a quick and reliable identification process for parameters describing the friction contact is proposed. Additionally, the force generation potential of inertia motors is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results confirm the theoretical result that for a given maximum frequency, a signal with a high fundamental frequency and consisting of two superposed sine waves leads to the highest velocity and the smoothest motion, while the maximum motor force is obtained with signals containing more harmonics. These results are of fundamental importance for the further development of high-velocity piezoelectric inertia motors."}],"publication":"Archive of Applied Mechanics","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0","title":"High-velocity operation of piezoelectric inertia motors: experimental validation","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:08:08Z","author":[{"last_name":"Hunstig","full_name":"Hunstig, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias"},{"last_name":"Hemsel","id":"210","full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","first_name":"Walter"}],"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:08:43Z","page":"1-9","citation":{"short":"M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, W. Sextro, Archive of Applied Mechanics (2014) 1–9.","mla":"Hunstig, Matthias, et al. “High-Velocity Operation of Piezoelectric Inertia Motors: Experimental Validation.” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–9, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0\">10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hunstig_Hemsel_Sextro_2014, title={High-velocity operation of piezoelectric inertia motors: experimental validation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0\">10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0</a>}, journal={Archive of Applied Mechanics}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Hunstig, Matthias and Hemsel, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={1–9} }","apa":"Hunstig, M., Hemsel, T., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). High-velocity operation of piezoelectric inertia motors: experimental validation. <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, 1–9. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0</a>","ama":"Hunstig M, Hemsel T, Sextro W. High-velocity operation of piezoelectric inertia motors: experimental validation. <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>. 2014:1-9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0\">10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0</a>","ieee":"M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, and W. Sextro, “High-velocity operation of piezoelectric inertia motors: experimental validation,” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, pp. 1–9, 2014.","chicago":"Hunstig, Matthias, Tobias Hemsel, and Walter Sextro. “High-Velocity Operation of Piezoelectric Inertia Motors: Experimental Validation.” <i>Archive of Applied Mechanics</i>, 2014, 1–9. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-014-0940-0</a>."},"year":"2014","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0939-1533"]}},{"date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:12:27Z","author":[{"last_name":"Kimotho","full_name":"Kimotho, James Kuria ","first_name":"James Kuria "},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:11:02Z","title":"PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation","doi":"10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406","year":"2014","citation":{"apa":"Kimotho, J. K., Meyer, T., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation. In <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on</i> (pp. 1–6). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>","mla":"Kimotho, James Kuria, et al. “PEM Fuel Cell Prognostics Using Particle Filter with Model Parameter Adaptation.” <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On</i>, 2014, pp. 1–6, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406\">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>.","short":"J.K. Kimotho, T. Meyer, W. Sextro, in: Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On, 2014, pp. 1–6.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kimotho_Meyer_Sextro_2014, title={PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406\">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>}, booktitle={Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on}, author={Kimotho, James Kuria  and Meyer, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={1–6} }","chicago":"Kimotho, James Kuria , Tobias Meyer, and Walter Sextro. “PEM Fuel Cell Prognostics Using Particle Filter with Model Parameter Adaptation.” In <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On</i>, 1–6, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>.","ieee":"J. K. Kimotho, T. Meyer, and W. Sextro, “PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation,” in <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on</i>, 2014, pp. 1–6.","ama":"Kimotho JK, Meyer T, Sextro W. PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation. In: <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On</i>. ; 2014:1-6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406\">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>"},"page":"1-6","_id":"9879","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"keyword":["ageing","particle filtering (numerical methods)","proton exchange membrane fuel cells","remaining life assessment","PEM fuel cell prognostics","PHM","RUL predictions","accelerated degradation","adaptive particle filter algorithm","dynamic loading","model parameter adaptation","prognostics and health management","proton exchange membrane fuel cells","remaining useful life estimation","self-healing effect","Adaptation models","Data models","Degradation","Estimation","Fuel cells","Mathematical model","Prognostics and health management"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on","abstract":[{"text":"Application of prognostics and health management (PHM) in the field of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is emerging as an important tool in increasing the reliability and availability of these systems. Though a lot of work is currently being conducted to develop PHM systems for fuel cells, various challenges have been encountered including the self-healing effect after characterization as well as accelerated degradation due to dynamic loading, all which make RUL predictions a difficult task. In this study, a prognostic approach based on adaptive particle filter algorithm is proposed. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the introduction of a self-healing factor after each characterization and the adaption of the degradation model parameters to fit to the changing degradation trend. An ensemble of five different state models based on weighted mean is then developed. The results show that the method is effective in estimating the remaining useful life of PEM fuel cells, with majority of the predictions falling within 5\\% error. The method was employed in the IEEE 2014 PHM Data Challenge and led to our team emerging the winner of the RUL category of the challenge.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"author":[{"first_name":"James Kuria","last_name":"Kimotho","full_name":"Kimotho, James Kuria"},{"first_name":"Walter","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:13:00Z","volume":5,"date_updated":"2019-09-16T10:37:35Z","title":"An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"J.K. Kimotho, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014, 2014.","mla":"Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “An Approach for Feature Extraction and Selection from Non-Trending Data for Machinery Prognosis.” <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>, vol. 5, 2014.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kimotho_Sextro_2014, title={An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis}, volume={5}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014}, author={Kimotho, James Kuria and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014} }","apa":"Kimotho, J. K., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis. In <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i> (Vol. 5).","ama":"Kimotho JK, Sextro W. An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis. In: <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>. Vol 5. ; 2014.","chicago":"Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “An Approach for Feature Extraction and Selection from Non-Trending Data for Machinery Prognosis.” In <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>, Vol. 5, 2014.","ieee":"J. K. Kimotho and W. Sextro, “An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis,” in <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>, 2014, vol. 5."},"intvolume":"         5","year":"2014","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"_id":"9880","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["autoregressive model ELM feature extraction feature selection non-trending Remaining useful Life"],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With the paradigm shift towards prognostic and health management (PHM) of machinery, there is need for reliable PHM methodologies with narrow error bounds to allow maintenance engineers take decisive maintenance actions based on the prognostic results. Prognostics is mainly concerned with the estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) or time to failure (TTF). The accuracy of PHM methods is usually a function of the features extracted from the raw data obtained from sensors. In cases where the extracted features do not display clear degradation trends, for instance highly loaded bearings, the accuracy of the state of the art PHM methods is significantly affected. The data which lacks clear degradation trend is referred to as non-trending data. This study presents a method for extracting degradation trends from non-trending condition monitoring data for RUL estimation. The raw signals are first filtered using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) denoising filter to remove noise from the acquired signals. Time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain features are then extracted from the filtered signals. An autoregressive model is then applied to the extracted features to identify the degradation trends. Features representing the maximum health information are then selected based on a performance evaluation criteria using extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. The selected features can then be used as inputs in a prognostic algorithm. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated using experimental bearing vibration data. The performance of the method is evaluated on the accuracy of RUL estimation and the results show that the method can be used to accurately estimate RUL with a maximum error of 10\\%."}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9881","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The increasing demand for high reliability, safety and availability of technical systems calls for innovative maintenance strategies. The use of prognostic health management (PHM) approach where maintenance action is taken based on current and future health state of a component or system is rapidly gaining popularity in the maintenance industry. Multiclass support vector machines (MC-SVM) has been identified as a promising algorithm in PHM applications due to its high classification accuracy. However, it requires parameter tuning for each application, with the objective of minimizing the classification error. This is a single objective optimization problem which requires the use of optimization algorithms that are capable of exhaustively searching for the global optimum parameters. This work proposes the use of hybrid differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in optimally tuning the MC-SVM parameters. DE identifies the search limit of the parameters while PSO finds the global optimum within the search limit. The feasibility of the approach is verified using bearing run-to-failure data and the results show that the proposed method significantly increases health state classification accuracy."}],"status":"public","publication":"PAMM","type":"journal_article","title":"Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation","doi":"10.1002/pamm.201410388","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:15:00Z","publisher":"WILEY-VCH Verlag","volume":14,"author":[{"full_name":"Kimotho, James Kuria","last_name":"Kimotho","first_name":"James Kuria"},{"first_name":"Walter","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:14:17Z","year":"2014","intvolume":"        14","page":"815-816","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Kimotho_Sextro_2014, title={Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388\">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>}, number={1}, journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Kimotho, James Kuria and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={815–816} }","short":"J.K. Kimotho, W. Sextro, PAMM 14 (2014) 815–816.","mla":"Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation.” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2014, pp. 815–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388\">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>.","apa":"Kimotho, J. K., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1), 815–816. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>","chicago":"Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation.” <i>PAMM</i> 14, no. 1 (2014): 815–16. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>.","ieee":"J. K. Kimotho and W. Sextro, “Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation,” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 815–816, 2014.","ama":"Kimotho JK, Sextro W. Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation. <i>PAMM</i>. 2014;14(1):815-816. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388\">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1617-7061"]},"issue":"1"},{"citation":{"ieee":"S. Kohl, W. Sextro, and A. Zuber, “Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation,” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 65–66, 2014.","chicago":"Kohl, Sergej, Walter Sextro, and Armin Zuber. “Tire Footprint Analysis Depending on the Elastokinematics of a Multi-Link Suspension System Using Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation.” <i>PAMM</i> 14, no. 1 (2014): 65–66. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>.","ama":"Kohl S, Sextro W, Zuber A. Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation. <i>PAMM</i>. 2014;14(1):65-66. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020\">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kohl_Sextro_Zuber_2014, title={Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020\">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>}, number={1}, journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Kohl, Sergej and Sextro, Walter and Zuber, Armin}, year={2014}, pages={65–66} }","mla":"Kohl, Sergej, et al. “Tire Footprint Analysis Depending on the Elastokinematics of a Multi-Link Suspension System Using Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation.” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2014, pp. 65–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020\">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>.","short":"S. Kohl, W. Sextro, A. Zuber, PAMM 14 (2014) 65–66.","apa":"Kohl, S., Sextro, W., &#38; Zuber, A. (2014). Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1), 65–66. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>"},"page":"65-66","intvolume":"        14","year":"2014","issue":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1617-7061"]},"doi":"10.1002/pamm.201410020","title":"Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:15:27Z","author":[{"last_name":"Kohl","full_name":"Kohl, Sergej","first_name":"Sergej"},{"first_name":"Walter","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro"},{"full_name":"Zuber, Armin","last_name":"Zuber","first_name":"Armin"}],"volume":14,"publisher":"WILEY-VCH Verlag","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:16:20Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"An automotive suspension system represents one of the most complex and important systems in a passenger vehicle, which has to ensure a robust and optimized contact between the wheels and the road at any time. For improving a suspension system it is important to take an investigative look at the interaction between suspension, tire and road dynamics. Thus a part of a study into aspects of suspension modeling on multi-body simulations of rear multi-link suspension system dynamics with focus on the tire footprint area is presented in this work."}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"PAMM","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"_id":"9882"},{"publication":"Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","editor":[{"last_name":"Gausemeier","full_name":"Gausemeier, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Franz","full_name":"Josef Rammig, Franz","last_name":"Josef Rammig"},{"full_name":"Schäfer, Wilhelm","last_name":"Schäfer","first_name":"Wilhelm"},{"first_name":"Walter","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro"}],"department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","series_title":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering","_id":"9883","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-642-53741-7"]},"page":"189-190","citation":{"chicago":"Meyer, Tobias, Claudia Priesterjahn, and Walter Sextro. “Conclusion and Outlook.” In <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro, 189–90. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>.","ieee":"T. Meyer, C. Priesterjahn, and W. Sextro, “Conclusion and Outlook,” in <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 189–190.","ama":"Meyer T, Priesterjahn C, Sextro W. Conclusion and Outlook. In: Gausemeier J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014:189-190. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{Meyer_Priesterjahn_Sextro_2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Conclusion and Outlook}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>}, booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Meyer, Tobias and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Sextro, Walter}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={189–190}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }","short":"T. Meyer, C. Priesterjahn, W. Sextro, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.), Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 189–190.","mla":"Meyer, Tobias, et al. “Conclusion and Outlook.” <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 189–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>.","apa":"Meyer, T., Priesterjahn, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Conclusion and Outlook. In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (pp. 189–190). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>"},"year":"2014","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:16:42Z","author":[{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias"},{"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Priesterjahn","full_name":"Priesterjahn, Claudia"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"}],"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:17:43Z","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5","title":"Conclusion and Outlook"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence","abstract":[{"text":"Intelligent mechatronic systems, such as self-optimizing systems, allow an adaptation of the system behavior at runtime based on the current situation. To do so, they generally select among several pre-defined working points. A common method to determine working points for a mechatronic system is to use model-based multiobjective optimization. It allows finding compromises among conflicting objectives, called objective functions, by adapting parameters. To evaluate the system behavior for different parameter sets, a model of the system behavior is included in the objective functions and is evaluated during each function call. Intelligent mechatronic systems also have the ability to adapt their behavior based on their current reliability, thus increasing their availability, or on changed safety requirements; all of which are summed up by the common term dependability. To allow this adaptation, dependability can be considered in multiobjective optimization by including dependability-related objective functions. However, whereas performance-related objective functions are easily found, formulation of dependability-related objective functions is highly system-specific and not intuitive, making it complex and error-prone. Since each mechatronic system is different, individual failure modes have to be taken into account, which need to be found using common methods such as Failure-Modes and Effects Analysis or Fault Tree Analysis. Using component degradation models, which again are specific to the system at hand, the main loading factors can be determined. By including these in the model of the system behavior, the relation between working point and dependability can be formulated as an objective function. In our work, this approach is presented in more detail. It is exemplified using an actively actuated single plate dry clutch system. Results show that this approach is suitable for formulating dependability-related objective functions and that these can be used to extend system lifetime by adapting system behavior.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"9885","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"keyword":["Self-optimization","multiobjective optimization","objective function","dependability","intelligent system","behavior adaptation"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2014","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Meyer _Sondermann-Wölke_Sextro_2014, title={Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem}, volume={15}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033\">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>}, journal={Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence}, author={Meyer , Tobias and Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={46–53} }","short":"T. Meyer , C. Sondermann-Wölke, W. Sextro, Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence 15 (2014) 46–53.","mla":"Meyer , Tobias, et al. “Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem.” <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>, vol. 15, 2014, pp. 46–53, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033\">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>.","apa":"Meyer , T., Sondermann-Wölke, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem. <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>, <i>15</i>, 46–53. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>","chicago":"Meyer , Tobias, Christoph Sondermann-Wölke, and Walter Sextro. “Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem.” <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i> 15 (2014): 46–53. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>.","ieee":"T. Meyer , C. Sondermann-Wölke, and W. Sextro, “Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem,” <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>, vol. 15, pp. 46–53, 2014.","ama":"Meyer  T, Sondermann-Wölke C, Sextro W. Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem. <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>. 2014;15:46-53. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033\">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>"},"page":"46-53","intvolume":"        15","date_updated":"2019-09-16T10:22:04Z","author":[{"full_name":"Meyer , Tobias","last_name":"Meyer ","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph","last_name":"Sondermann-Wölke"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:19:37Z","volume":15,"title":"Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem","doi":"10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033"},{"user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"_id":"9887","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Rolling Contact","Discrete Elements","Contact Stiffness","Temperature"],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"A model to calculate the locally resolved tangential contact forces of the wheel rail contact with respect to contact kinematics, material and surface properties as well as temperature is introduced. The elasticity of wheel and rail is modeled as an elastic layer consisting of point contact elements connected by springs to each other and to the wheel. Each element has two degrees of freedom in tangential directions. The resulting total stiffness matrix is reduced to calculate only the position of the elements in contact. Friction forces as well as contact stiffnesses are incorporated by a nonlinear force-displacement characteristic, which originates from a detailed contact model. The contact elements are transported through the contact zone in discrete time steps. After each time step an equilibrium is calculated. For all elements, their temperature and its influence on local friction are regarded by calculating friction power and temperature each time step.","lang":"eng"}],"editor":[{"full_name":"Liu, G.R.","last_name":"Liu","first_name":"G.R."},{"first_name":"Z.W.","full_name":"Guan, Z.W.","last_name":"Guan"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:23:02Z","author":[{"first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Neuhaus, Jan","last_name":"Neuhaus"},{"last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","first_name":"Walter"}],"publisher":"ScienTech Publisher","date_updated":"2019-09-16T10:59:46Z","title":"Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Neuhaus, Jan, and Walter Sextro. “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact Using Coupled Point Contact Elements.” <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>, edited by G.R. Liu and Z.W. Guan, ScienTech Publisher, 2014.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Neuhaus_Sextro_2014, title={Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods}, publisher={ScienTech Publisher}, author={Neuhaus, Jan and Sextro, Walter}, editor={Liu, G.R. and Guan, Z.W.Editors}, year={2014} }","short":"J. Neuhaus, W. Sextro, in: G.R. Liu, Z.W. Guan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods, ScienTech Publisher, 2014.","apa":"Neuhaus, J., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements. In G. R. Liu &#38; Z. W. Guan (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>. ScienTech Publisher.","chicago":"Neuhaus, Jan, and Walter Sextro. “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact Using Coupled Point Contact Elements.” In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>, edited by G.R. Liu and Z.W. Guan. ScienTech Publisher, 2014.","ieee":"J. Neuhaus and W. Sextro, “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements,” in <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>, 2014.","ama":"Neuhaus J, Sextro W. Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements. In: Liu GR, Guan ZW, eds. <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>. ScienTech Publisher; 2014."},"year":"2014"},{"title":"Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications","doi":"10.1002/pamm.201410012","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:24:59Z","publisher":"WILEY-VCH Verlag","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:24:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Schulze","full_name":"Schulze, Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Sextro","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","first_name":"Walter"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Grüter, Frank","last_name":"Grüter"}],"volume":14,"year":"2014","citation":{"ieee":"S. Schulze, W. Sextro, and F. Grüter, “Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications,” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 39–40, 2014.","chicago":"Schulze, Sebastian, Walter Sextro, and Frank Grüter. “Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications.” <i>PAMM</i> 14, no. 1 (2014): 39–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>.","ama":"Schulze S, Sextro W, Grüter F. Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications. <i>PAMM</i>. 2014;14(1):39-40. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012\">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>","short":"S. Schulze, W. Sextro, F. Grüter, PAMM 14 (2014) 39–40.","mla":"Schulze, Sebastian, et al. “Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications.” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2014, pp. 39–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012\">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schulze_Sextro_Grüter_2014, title={Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012\">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>}, number={1}, journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Schulze, Sebastian and Sextro, Walter and Grüter, Frank}, year={2014}, pages={39–40} }","apa":"Schulze, S., Sextro, W., &#38; Grüter, F. (2014). Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1), 39–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>"},"page":"39-40","intvolume":"        14","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1617-7061"]},"issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9888","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This paper discusses the refinement of multibody models by integration of flexible bodies and by considering nonlinearities from contacts. It presents common approaches for contact modeling in multibody simulations and strategies to include flexible bodies. A contact model is implemented in the elastic multibody model. Experimental results show that significant effects of system dynamics can be modeled by use of a multibody model including elastic bodies and contacts.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"PAMM"},{"doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760","title":"Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Sprock, Christian","last_name":"Sprock"},{"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Sextro","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:25:22Z","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:25:53Z","citation":{"ama":"Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending. In: <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>. ; 2014:320-324. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760\">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>","chicago":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Dynamic Analysis of Structures Exhibiting Nonlinear Peak Bending.” In <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 320–24, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760\">https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>.","ieee":"C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending,” in <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 2014, pp. 320–324.","apa":"Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending. In <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i> (pp. 320–324). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760\">https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>","mla":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Dynamic Analysis of Structures Exhibiting Nonlinear Peak Bending.” <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 2014, pp. 320–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760\">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>.","short":"C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International, 2014, pp. 320–324.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760\">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>}, booktitle={Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={320–324} }"},"page":"320-324","year":"2014","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["bending","dynamic testing","measurement","structural engineering","vibrations","measurement durations","mechanical structures","multisine measurement technique","nonlinear peak bending behavior","prediction method","time-efficient dynamic analysis","Heuristic algorithms","Nonlinear systems","Oscillators","Time measurement","Time-frequency analysis","Vibrations"],"user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"_id":"9889","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing high excitation impacts on the structure under test."}],"type":"conference","publication":"Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International"},{"year":"2014","citation":{"ieee":"C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.,” in <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i> 2014, pp. 293–294.","chicago":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior.” In <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i> 293–94, 2014.","ama":"Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior. In: <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i>. ; 2014:293-294.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.}, booktitle={Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={293–294} }","short":"C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1, 2014, pp. 293–294.","mla":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior.” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i> 2014, pp. 293–94.","apa":"Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior. In <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i> (pp. 293–294)."},"page":"293-294","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:27:29Z","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:26:56Z","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Sprock","full_name":"Sprock, Christian"},{"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220"}],"title":"Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.","type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Many nonlinear mechanical oscillators show excitation-dependent behavior. In this paper, a new measurement approach is presented to analyze such structures. The main advantage of the presented method is the high efficiency, since measurement duration and loads to the structure are significantly reduced."}],"status":"public","_id":"9890","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:28:24Z","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Sprock","full_name":"Sprock, Christian"},{"last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:26:57Z","title":"Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior.","year":"2014","citation":{"apa":"Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior. In <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014</i> (pp. 1–8).","mla":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear Peak Bending Behavior.” <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014</i>, 2014, pp. 1–8.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior.}, booktitle={Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={1–8} }","short":"C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014, 2014, pp. 1–8.","ama":"Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior. In: <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014</i>. ; 2014:1-8.","chicago":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear Peak Bending Behavior.” In <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014</i>, 1–8, 2014.","ieee":"C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior.,” in <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014</i>, 2014, pp. 1–8."},"page":"1-8","_id":"9891","user_id":"55222","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration. 2014","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing high excitation impacts on the structure under test. After a brief presentation of the algorithm, the validity scope of the approach is investigated with emphasis on an exemplary error investigation."}],"status":"public"},{"status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9892","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","year":"2014","citation":{"apa":"Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques. In <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>.","mla":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures Using Multisine Excitation Techniques.” <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>, 2014.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques}, booktitle={Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014} }","short":"C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014, 2014.","chicago":"Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures Using Multisine Excitation Techniques.” In <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>, 2014.","ieee":"C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques,” in <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>, 2014.","ama":"Sprock C, Sextro W. Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques. In: <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>. ; 2014."},"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques","date_updated":"2019-09-16T10:56:34Z","date_created":"2019-05-20T13:26:59Z","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Sprock","full_name":"Sprock, Christian"},{"id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"}]},{"year":"2014","page":"1-24","citation":{"mla":"Trächtler, Ansgar, et al. “Introduction to Self-Optimization and Dependability.” <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>.","short":"A. Trächtler, C. Hölscher, C. Rasche, C. Priesterjahn, D. Zimmer, J. Henning Keßler, K. Stahl, K. Flaßkamp, M. Vaßholz, M. Krüger, M. Dellnitz, P. Iwanek, P. Reinold, P. Hartmann, T. Meyer, W. Sextro, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.), Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–24.","bibtex":"@inbook{Trächtler_Hölscher_Rasche_Priesterjahn_Zimmer_Henning Keßler_Stahl_Flaßkamp_Vaßholz_Krüger_et al._2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>}, booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Trächtler, Ansgar and Hölscher, Christian and Rasche, Christoph and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Zimmer, Detmar and Henning Keßler, Jan and Stahl, Katharin and Flaßkamp, Kathrin and Vaßholz, Mareen and Krüger, Martin and et al.}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={1–24}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }","apa":"Trächtler, A., Hölscher, C., Rasche, C., Priesterjahn, C., Zimmer, D., Henning Keßler, J., … Sextro, W. (2014). Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability. In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (pp. 1–24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>","ama":"Trächtler A, Hölscher C, Rasche C, et al. Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability. In: Gausemeier J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014:1-24. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>","chicago":"Trächtler, Ansgar, Christian Hölscher, Christoph Rasche, Claudia Priesterjahn, Detmar Zimmer, Jan Henning Keßler, Katharin Stahl, et al. “Introduction to Self-Optimization and Dependability.” In <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro, 1–24. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>.","ieee":"A. Trächtler <i>et al.</i>, “Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability,” in <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–24."},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-642-53741-7"]},"title":"Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:32:38Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ansgar","last_name":"Trächtler","full_name":"Trächtler, Ansgar"},{"full_name":"Hölscher, Christian","last_name":"Hölscher","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Rasche, Christoph","last_name":"Rasche","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"Priesterjahn, Claudia","last_name":"Priesterjahn"},{"last_name":"Zimmer","full_name":"Zimmer, Detmar","first_name":"Detmar"},{"full_name":"Henning Keßler, Jan","last_name":"Henning Keßler","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Katharin","last_name":"Stahl","full_name":"Stahl, Katharin"},{"first_name":"Kathrin","last_name":"Flaßkamp","full_name":"Flaßkamp, Kathrin"},{"first_name":"Mareen","last_name":"Vaßholz","full_name":"Vaßholz, Mareen"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Krüger","full_name":"Krüger, Martin"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Dellnitz","full_name":"Dellnitz, Michael"},{"last_name":"Iwanek","full_name":"Iwanek, Peter","first_name":"Peter"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Reinold","full_name":"Reinold, Peter"},{"first_name":"Philip","full_name":"Hartmann, Philip","last_name":"Hartmann"},{"last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:29:24Z","editor":[{"first_name":"Jürgen","full_name":"Gausemeier, Jürgen","last_name":"Gausemeier"},{"full_name":"Josef Rammig, Franz","last_name":"Josef Rammig","first_name":"Franz"},{"first_name":"Wilhelm","full_name":"Schäfer, Wilhelm","last_name":"Schäfer"},{"last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","first_name":"Walter"}],"status":"public","publication":"Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems","type":"book_chapter","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"9893","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"series_title":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering","user_id":"55222"},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-642-53741-7"]},"page":"173-188","citation":{"mla":"Trächtler, Ansgar, et al. “Case Study.” <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 173–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>.","bibtex":"@inbook{Trächtler_Kleinjohann_Heinzemann_Rasche_Priesterjahn_Steenken_Wehrheim_Gausemeier_Flaßkamp_Kleinjohann_et al._2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Case Study}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>}, booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Trächtler, Ansgar and Kleinjohann, Bernd and Heinzemann, Christian and Rasche, Christoph and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Steenken, Dominik and Wehrheim, Heike and Gausemeier, Jürgen and Flaßkamp, Kathrin and Kleinjohann, Lisa and et al.}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={173–188}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }","short":"A. Trächtler, B. Kleinjohann, C. Heinzemann, C. Rasche, C. Priesterjahn, D. Steenken, H. Wehrheim, J. Gausemeier, K. Flaßkamp, L. Kleinjohann, M. Krüger, P. Iwanek, P. Hartmann, R. Dorociak, S. Groesbrink, S. Ziegert, T. Meyer, W. Sextro, W. Schäfer, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.), Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 173–188.","apa":"Trächtler, A., Kleinjohann, B., Heinzemann, C., Rasche, C., Priesterjahn, C., Steenken, D., … Schäfer, W. (2014). Case Study. In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (pp. 173–188). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>","chicago":"Trächtler, Ansgar, Bernd Kleinjohann, Christian Heinzemann, Christoph Rasche, Claudia Priesterjahn, Dominik Steenken, Heike Wehrheim, et al. “Case Study.” In <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro, 173–88. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>.","ieee":"A. Trächtler <i>et al.</i>, “Case Study,” in <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 173–188.","ama":"Trächtler A, Kleinjohann B, Heinzemann C, et al. Case Study. In: Gausemeier J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014:173-188. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4\">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>"},"year":"2014","author":[{"full_name":"Trächtler, Ansgar","last_name":"Trächtler","first_name":"Ansgar"},{"last_name":"Kleinjohann","full_name":"Kleinjohann, Bernd","first_name":"Bernd"},{"full_name":"Heinzemann, Christian","last_name":"Heinzemann","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Rasche, Christoph","last_name":"Rasche"},{"first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"Priesterjahn, Claudia","last_name":"Priesterjahn"},{"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Steenken","full_name":"Steenken, Dominik"},{"last_name":"Wehrheim","full_name":"Wehrheim, Heike","first_name":"Heike"},{"last_name":"Gausemeier","full_name":"Gausemeier, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Kathrin","last_name":"Flaßkamp","full_name":"Flaßkamp, Kathrin"},{"first_name":"Lisa","full_name":"Kleinjohann, Lisa","last_name":"Kleinjohann"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Krüger, Martin","last_name":"Krüger"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Iwanek, Peter","last_name":"Iwanek"},{"first_name":"Philip","full_name":"Hartmann, Philip","last_name":"Hartmann"},{"full_name":"Dorociak, Rafal","last_name":"Dorociak","first_name":"Rafal"},{"last_name":"Groesbrink","full_name":"Groesbrink, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Ziegert, Steffen","last_name":"Ziegert","first_name":"Steffen"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias","last_name":"Meyer"},{"full_name":"Sextro, Walter","id":"21220","last_name":"Sextro","first_name":"Walter"},{"last_name":"Schäfer","full_name":"Schäfer, Wilhelm","first_name":"Wilhelm"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:29:25Z","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","date_updated":"2019-05-20T13:34:38Z","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4","title":"Case Study","publication":"Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Gausemeier","full_name":"Gausemeier, Jürgen"},{"last_name":"Josef Rammig","full_name":"Josef Rammig, Franz","first_name":"Franz"},{"last_name":"Schäfer","full_name":"Schäfer, Wilhelm","first_name":"Wilhelm"},{"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Sextro","full_name":"Sextro, Walter"}],"department":[{"_id":"151"}],"series_title":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering","user_id":"55222","_id":"9894","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds","author":[{"full_name":"Unger, Andreas","last_name":"Unger","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Walter","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","last_name":"Sextro"},{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Althoff","full_name":"Althoff, Simon"},{"full_name":"Eichwald, Paul","last_name":"Eichwald","first_name":"Paul"},{"full_name":"Meyer, Tobias","last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Eacock","full_name":"Eacock, Florian"},{"last_name":"Brökelmann","full_name":"Brökelmann, Michael","first_name":"Michael"}],"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:35:09Z","date_updated":"2020-05-07T05:33:47Z","citation":{"ama":"Unger A, Sextro W, Althoff S, et al. Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds. In: <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>. San Diego, CA, US; 2014:289-294.","chicago":"Unger, Andreas, Walter Sextro, Simon Althoff, Paul Eichwald, Tobias Meyer, Florian Eacock, and Michael Brökelmann. “Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds.” In <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 289–94. San Diego, CA, US, 2014.","ieee":"A. Unger <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds,” in <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 2014, pp. 289–294.","mla":"Unger, Andreas, et al. “Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds.” <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 2014, pp. 289–94.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Unger_Sextro_Althoff_Eichwald_Meyer_Eacock_Brökelmann_2014, place={San Diego, CA, US}, title={Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)}, author={Unger, Andreas and Sextro, Walter and Althoff, Simon and Eichwald, Paul and Meyer, Tobias and Eacock, Florian and Brökelmann, Michael}, year={2014}, pages={289–294} }","short":"A. Unger, W. Sextro, S. Althoff, P. Eichwald, T. Meyer, F. Eacock, M. Brökelmann, in: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS), San Diego, CA, US, 2014, pp. 289–294.","apa":"Unger, A., Sextro, W., Althoff, S., Eichwald, P., Meyer, T., Eacock, F., &#38; Brökelmann, M. (2014). Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds. In <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i> (pp. 289–294). San Diego, CA, US."},"page":"289-294","place":"San Diego, CA, US","year":"2014","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["pre-deformation","copper wire bonding","finite element model"],"user_id":"210","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"02 PQ2210","_id":"92","name":"Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen"}],"_id":"9895","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Power semiconductor modules are used to control and switch high electrical currents and voltages. Within the power module package wire bonding is used as an interconnection technology. In recent years, aluminum wire has been used preferably, but an ever-growing market of powerful and efficient power modules requires a material with better mechanical and electrical properties. For this reason, a technology change from aluminum to copper is indispensable. However, the copper wire bonding process reacts more sensitive to parameter changes. This makes manufacturing reliable copper bond connections a challenging task. The aim of the BMBF funded project Itsowl-InCuB is the development of self-optimizing techniques to enable the reliable production of copper bond connections under varying conditions. A model of the process is essential to achieve this aim. This model needs to include the dynamic elasto-plastic deformation, the ultrasonic softening effect and the proceeding adhesion between wire and substrate. This paper focusses on the pre-deformation process. In the touchdown phase, the wire is pressed into the V-groove of the tool and a small initial contact area between wire and substrate arise. The local characteristics of the material change abruptly because of the cold forming. Consequently, the pre-deformation has a strong effect on the joining process. In [1], a pre-cleaning effect during the touchdown process of aluminum wires by cracking of oxide layers was presented. These interactions of the process parameters are still largely unknown for copper. In a first step, this paper validates the importance of modeling the pre-deformation by showing its impact on the wire deformation characteristic experimentally. Creating cross-section views of pre-deformed copper wires has shown a low deformation degree compared to aluminum. By using a digital microscope and a scanning confocal microscope an analysis about the contact areas and penetration depths after touchdown has been made. Additionally, it has to be taken into account that the dynamical touchdown force depends on the touchdown speed and the touchdown force set in the bonding machine. In order to measure the overshoot in the force signals, a strain gauge sensor has been used. Subsequently, the affecting factors have been interpreted independently Furthermore, the material properties of copper wire have been investigated with tensile tests and hardness measurements. In a second step, the paper presents finite element models of the touchdown process for source and destination bonds. These models take the measured overshoot in the touchdown forces into account. A multi-linear, isotropic material model has been selected to map the material properties of the copper. A validation of the model with the experimental determined contact areas, normal pressures and penetration depths reveals the high model quality. Thus, the simulation is able to calculate and visualize the three dimensional pre-deformation with an integrated material parameter of the wire if the touchdown parameters of the bonding machine are known. Based on the calculated deformation degrees of wire and substrate, it is probably possible to investigate the effect of the pre-deformation on the pre-cleaning phase in the copper wire bonding."}],"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)"},{"page":"175-180","intvolume":"       141","citation":{"ama":"Unger A, Sextro W, Althoff S, et al. Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding. In: <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>. Vol 141. ; 2014:175-180.","ieee":"A. Unger <i>et al.</i>, “Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding,” in <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>, 2014, vol. 141, pp. 175–180.","chicago":"Unger, Andreas, Walter Sextro, Simon Althoff, Tobias Meyer, Michael Brökelmann, Klaus Neumann, René Felix Reimann, Karsten Guth, and Daniel Bolowski. “Data-Driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding.” In <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>, 141:175–80, 2014.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Unger_Sextro_Althoff_Meyer_Brökelmann_Neumann_Reimann_Guth_Bolowski_2014, title={Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding}, volume={141}, booktitle={Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems}, author={Unger, Andreas and Sextro, Walter and Althoff, Simon and Meyer, Tobias and Brökelmann, Michael and Neumann, Klaus and Reimann, René Felix and Guth, Karsten and Bolowski, Daniel}, year={2014}, pages={175–180} }","short":"A. Unger, W. Sextro, S. Althoff, T. Meyer, M. Brökelmann, K. Neumann, R.F. Reimann, K. Guth, D. Bolowski, in: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems, 2014, pp. 175–180.","mla":"Unger, Andreas, et al. “Data-Driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding.” <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>, vol. 141, 2014, pp. 175–80.","apa":"Unger, A., Sextro, W., Althoff, S., Meyer, T., Brökelmann, M., Neumann, K., … Bolowski, D. (2014). Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding. In <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i> (Vol. 141, pp. 175–180)."},"year":"2014","volume":141,"date_created":"2019-05-20T13:38:10Z","author":[{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Unger","full_name":"Unger, Andreas"},{"last_name":"Sextro","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","first_name":"Walter"},{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Althoff","full_name":"Althoff, Simon"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Brökelmann, Michael","last_name":"Brökelmann","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Neumann","full_name":"Neumann, Klaus"},{"first_name":"René Felix","last_name":"Reimann","full_name":"Reimann, René Felix"},{"first_name":"Karsten","full_name":"Guth, Karsten","last_name":"Guth"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Bolowski, Daniel","last_name":"Bolowski"}],"date_updated":"2020-05-07T05:33:47Z","title":"Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding","publication":"Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems","type":"conference","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In power electronics, ultrasonic wire bonding is used to connect the electrical terminals of power modules. To implement a self-optimization technique for ultrasonic wire bonding machines, a model of the process is essential. This model needs to include the so called ultrasonic softening effect. It is a key effect within the wire bonding process primarily enabling the robust interconnection between the wire and a substrate. However, the physical modeling of the ultrasonic softening effect is notoriously difficult because of its highly non-linear character and the absence of a proper measurement method. In a first step, this paper validates the importance of modeling the ultrasonic softening by showing its impact on the wire deformation characteristic experimentally. In a second step, the paper presents a data-driven model of the ultrasonic softening effect which is constructed from data using machine learning techniques. A typical caveat of data-driven modeling is the need for training data that cover the considered domain of process parameters in order to achieve accurate generalization of the trained model to new process configurations. In practice, however, the space of process parameters can only be sampled sparsely. In this paper, a novel technique is applied which enables the integration of prior knowledge about the process into the datadriven modeling process. It turns out that this approach results in accurate generalization of the data-driven model to unseen process parameters from sparse data."}],"department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"210","_id":"9896","project":[{"_id":"92","name":"Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen","grant_number":"02 PQ2210"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]