@inproceedings{53638,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Spring steel wires are usually supplied and stored on coils. The manufacturing and coiling processes of these wires induce inhomogeneous plastic deformations that lead to undesirable residual stresses and varying wire curvatures in the semi-finished product. These residual stresses and curvatures defects are causing varying process conditions in the subsequent manufacturing processes, which have a negative impact on the product quality, leading to wastage and thus affecting the economic and ecological efficiency. Especially the curvature deviations must be compensated for the stability of the subsequent processes. This is usually realised with roller straighteners, which are set manually by the machine operators only at the beginning of a process. In this paper, we introduce a new approach with a modular straightening-machine design and a new set-up process. The more isolated deformation behaviour in a module-based straightener overcomes the complexity of interactions between the close-positioned spaced straightening rollers. This is combined with a set-up process that is independent of conventional material testing, modelling the actual and batch-specific behaviour of the wire in the straightening process. The exact knowledge and time-consuming determination of the material properties thus becomes obsolete. The experimental investigations show the influence of defined straightening strategies on the residual stress evolution and the residual forming limit of the spring steel wires (X10CrNi18-8) in the new straightening process. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Dahms, Frederik Simon and Homberg, Werner}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  location     = {{Toulouse}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Modular 3D roller straightening – A new approach to straightening and forming of spring steel wires (X10CrNi18-8)}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-154}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62025,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>This paper deals with micromagnetic measurements for online detection of strain‐induced α′‐martensite during plastic deformation of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L. The operating principles of the sensors are magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) and eddy currents (EC), which are suitable for detection of microstructure evolution due to formation of ferromagnetic phases. The focus of this study was put on the qualification of different micromagnetic techniques and different measurement systems under conditions similar to the real ones during production, which is crucial for implementation of a property‐controlled flow forming process. The investigation was carried out on tubular specimens produced by flow forming, which have different content of α′‐martensite. To characterize the sensitivity of the sensors, different contact conditions between sensors and workpieces were reproduced. MBN sensors are suitable for detecting amount of α′‐martensite, but the measurements are affected by the surface roughness. This entails that the calibration models for MBN sensors must take account of these effects. EC sensors show a closer match with the amount of α′‐martensite without having major affectation by other effects.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Kanagarajah, Hanigah and Arian, Bahman and Kersting, Lukas and Homberg, Werner and Trächtler, Ansgar and Walther, Frank}},
  issn         = {{2577-8196}},
  journal      = {{Engineering Reports}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Barkhausen Noise‐ and Eddy Current‐Based Measurements for Online Detection of Deformation‐Induced Martensite During Flow Forming of Metastable Austenitic Steel <scp>AISI 304L</scp>}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/eng2.13070}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62053,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>This paper deals with micromagnetic measurements for online detection of strain‐induced α′‐martensite during plastic deformation of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L. The operating principles of the sensors are magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) and eddy currents (EC), which are suitable for detection of microstructure evolution due to formation of ferromagnetic phases. The focus of this study was put on the qualification of different micromagnetic techniques and different measurement systems under conditions similar to the real ones during production, which is crucial for implementation of a property‐controlled flow forming process. The investigation was carried out on tubular specimens produced by flow forming, which have different content of α′‐martensite. To characterize the sensitivity of the sensors, different contact conditions between sensors and workpieces were reproduced. MBN sensors are suitable for detecting amount of α′‐martensite, but the measurements are affected by the surface roughness. This entails that the calibration models for MBN sensors must take account of these effects. EC sensors show a closer match with the amount of α′‐martensite without having major affectation by other effects.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Kanagarajah, Hanigah and Arian, Bahman and Kersting, Lukas and Homberg, Werner and Trächtler, Ansgar and Walther, Frank}},
  issn         = {{2577-8196}},
  journal      = {{Engineering Reports}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Barkhausen Noise‐ and Eddy Current‐Based Measurements for Online Detection of Deformation‐Induced Martensite During Flow Forming of Metastable Austenitic Steel <scp>AISI 304L</scp>}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/eng2.13070}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{63346,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Lightweight design by using low-density and load-adapted materials can reduce the weight of vehicles and the emissions generated during operation. However, the usage of different materials requires innovative joining technologies with increased versatility. In this investigation, the focus is on describing and characterising the failure behaviour of connections manufactured by an innovative thermomechanical joining process with adaptable auxiliary joining elements in single-lap tensile-shear tests. In order to analyse the failure development in detail, the specimens are investigated using in-situ computed tomography (in-situ CT). Here, the tensile-shear test is interrupted at points of interest and CT scans are conducted under load. In addition, the interrupted in-situ testing procedure is validated by comparing the loading behaviour with conventional continuous tensile-shear tests. The results of the in-situ investigations of joints with varying material combinations clearly describe the cause of failure, allowing conclusions towards an improved joint design. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Köhler, D and Wiens, Eugen and Kupfer, R and Troschitz, J and Homberg, Werner and Gude, M}},
  issn         = {{1464-4207}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{2299--2306}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{In-situ computed tomography analysis of the failure mechanisms of thermomechanically manufactured joints with auxiliary joining element}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/14644207241232233}},
  volume       = {{238}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{57190,
  abstract     = {{This paper deals with the modeling of a soft sensor for detecting α’-martensite evolution from the micromagnetic signals that are measured during the reverse flow forming of metastable AISI 304L austenitic steel. This model can be prospectively used inside a closed-loop property-controlled flow forming process. To achieve this, optimization by means of a non-linear regression of experimental data was carried out. To collect the experimental data, specimens were produced by flow forming seamless tubes at room temperature. Using a combination of production parameters (like the infeed depth and feed rate), specimens with different α’-martensite contents and wall-thickness reductions were produced. An equation to compute α’-martensite from both specific production-process parameters and micromagnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements was obtained using numerical methods. In this process, the behavior of the quantity of interest (namely, the α’-martensite content) was mathematically evaluated with respect to non-destructive MBN data and the feed rate that was used to produce the components. A combination of exponential and potential functions was defined as the ansatz functions of the model. The obtained model was validated online and offline during the real flow forming of workpieces, obtaining average deviations of up to 7% α’-martensite with respect to the model. The implementation of the soft sensor model for property-controlled production represents an important milestone for producing high-added-value components on the basis of a well-understood process-microstructure-property relationship.}},
  author       = {{Rozo Vasquez, Julian  and Kersting, Lukas and Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Trächtler, Ansgar and Walther, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}},
  isbn         = {{9783031580055}},
  issn         = {{2195-4356}},
  publisher    = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Soft Sensor Model of Phase Transformation During Flow Forming of Metastable Austenitic Steel AISI 304L}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-031-58006-2_10}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57189,
  abstract     = {{This paper deals with micromagnetic measurements for online detection of
strain-induced α’-martensite during plastic deformation of metastable
austenitic steel AISI 304L. The operating principles of the sensors are
Barkhausen noise (MBN) and eddy currents (EC), which are suitable for
detection of microstructure evolution due to formation of ferromagnetic
phases. Nevertheless, the description of the calibration and
transformation models of the micromagnetic measurements into
quantitative α’-martensite fractions is beyond the scope of this paper.
The focus will be put on the qualification of different micromagnetic
methods as well as of different measurement systems under conditions
similar to the real ones during production, which is crucial for
implementation of a property-controlled flow forming process. The
investigation was carried out on tubular specimens produced by flow
forming, which have different content of α’-martensite. To characterize
the sensitivity of the sensors, different contact conditions between
sensors and workpieces were reproduced. MBN sensors are suitable for
detecting amount of α’-martensite, but the measurements are affected by
the surface roughness. This entails that the calibration models for MBN
sensors must take account of these effects. EC sensors show a closer
match with the amount of α’-martensite without having major affectation
by other effects.}},
  author       = {{Rozo Vasquez, Julian  and Kanagarajah, Hanigah and Arian, Bahman and Kersting, Lukas and Homberg, Werner and Trächtler, Ansgar and Walther, Frank}},
  publisher    = {{Authorea, Inc.}},
  title        = {{{Barkhausen noise- and eddy current-based measurements for online detection of deformation-induced martensite during flow forming of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57173,
  abstract     = {{Manufacturing processes benefit from property control enabling reproducibility, application oriented outcomes, and efficient part production. In reverse flow forming, state of the art practices focus primarily on geometry control, neglecting property control. Given the intricacies of the process involving the interaction of tool and machine behavior, process parameters, properties of semi finished products and temperatures, incorporating process control becomes an imperative for producing components with predefined properties. The property controlled within this reverse flow forming process is the local α’ martensite content. Therefore, process strategies to actively influence the α’ martensite content must be implemented. In this study seamless AISI 304L steel tubes are used, where α’ martensite formation is strain  and/or temperature induced through phase transformation within the process. This paper presents innovative process strategies, methods, and specially developed mechanical and thermal actuator systems to locally increase or suppress the α’ martensite content. The use and implementation of these approaches and tools allows the creation of unique optically invisible microstructure profiles containing 3D gradings, implying a radial grading of α’ martensite. The locally implemented α’ martensite, forming these 3D gradings, offers potential applications for functional or sensory purposes. This paper extends beyond theoretical concepts, providing tangible component outcomes.}},
  author       = {{Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Kersting, Lukas and Trächtler, Ansgar and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Walther, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{α’-martensite grading techniques in reverse flow forming of AISI 304L}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903254-76}},
  volume       = {{44}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57178,
  abstract     = {{The incremental flow forming process is currently enhanced in research context by special closed-loop property control concepts to increase the productivity and to control the product properties making invisible property structures like a magnetic barcode possible. However, it is preferred to establish property control concepts on single roller machines instead of conventional machines with three roller actuation due to the better machine accessibility. For those single roller machines, rather poor surface qualities of flow formed workpieces were observed in the past especially for hydraulic actuators. Thus, a new actuator closed-loop position control concept is developed in this paper using model-based control design methods and taking the flow forming forces as a load into account. The novel closed-loop control is validated during workpiece production at the actual single roller flow forming machine. An analysis of the manufactured workpieces show that the surface quality is significantly enhanced by the new control to a roughness level almost similar to conventional three roller flow forming. Thus, a sincere added value to the flow forming process is offered by the novel actuator closed-loop position control.}},
  author       = {{Kersting, Lukas and Sander, Sebastian and Arian, Bahman and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Trächtler, Ansgar and Homberg, Werner and Walther, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Improving the flow forming process by a novel closed-loop control}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-158}},
  volume       = {{41}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57183,
  abstract     = {{In multi-stage bending and straightening operations cross-stage and quantity-dependent effects crucially affect the quality of the end product. Using punch-bending units in combination with a mechatronic straightening device can improve the accuracy and repeatability of product features remarkably well. In this work a concept for an innovative hybrid model of a roll straightener in a multi-stage straightening and multi-stage bending process is proposed. This model combines data-driven elements with expert knowledge and aims to minimise residual errors of the roll straightener to reliably decrease the risk of disadvantageous cross-stage and quantity-dependent effects on a subsequent punch-bending process.}},
  author       = {{Peters, Henning and Djakow, Eugen and Rostek, Tim and Mazur, Andreas and Trächtler, Ansgar and Homberg, Werner and Hammer, Barbara}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Novel approach for data-driven modelling of multi-stage straightening and bending processes}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-252}},
  volume       = {{41}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57171,
  abstract     = {{In manufacturing, property control ensures efficient part production. However, in reverse flow forming, current practices focus on geometry control rather than property control. To address the complexity of the process and tool machine interaction, process control is crucial for defined component properties. This study focuses on controlling local α’ martensite content in reverse flow forming of seamless AISI 304L steel tubes. Strategies and systems are presented to influence α’ martensite content, creating unique microstructure profiles for 1D  and 2D Gradings, with tangible component outcomes.}},
  author       = {{Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Kersting, Lukas and Trächtler, Ansgar and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Walther, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Thermomechanical reverse flow forming of AISI 304L}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-151}},
  volume       = {{41}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{54650,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Reducing the weight of vehicles can significantly lower the energy or fuel consumed and thus the emissions during operation. One possibility to assess this is the use of a property adapted multi-material systems containing high strength steel, light metals like aluminium or magnesium and fibre reinforced plastics. While expanding the number of materials used new challenges arise for the production and furthermore the joining technology to manufacture the vehicle made of the multi-material systems. One approach to overcome these challenges is to use innovative and adaptable joining techniques which allows the manufacturing of joints of different material combinations. Extensive research activities on the two stage thermo-mechanical joining process with adaptable joining elements was able to demonstrate the great potentials in terms of joining dissimilar materials with good strength. The previously kinematic and path-based fabrication of auxiliary joining elements is modified in this publication to a form-based approach with a perspective of establishing an efficient process chain using easily and cheaply available rods. Based on the new approach to produce the auxiliary joining elements, it can be demonstrated that a reproducible production of the geometry is possible for the investigated steel as well as aluminium material. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Nordieker, Ansgar Bernhard and Homberg, Werner}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  location     = {{Toulouse}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Form-based manufacturing of aluminium and steel auxiliary joining elements as the basis for an efficient joining operation}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-180}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{54649,
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Nordieker, Ansgar Bernhard and Wiens, Eugen and Homberg, Werner}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Investigations to improve the tool life during thermomechanical and incremental forming of steel auxiliary joining elements}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100185}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{44316,
  author       = {{Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Arian, Bahman and Kersting, Lukas and Walther, Frank and Homberg, Werner and Trächtler, Ansgar}},
  location     = {{Krakau}},
  title        = {{{Softsensor model of phase transformation during flow forming of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{48001,
  author       = {{Bathelt, Lukas and Djakow, Eugen and Dahms, Frederik and Henke, Christian and Trächtler, Ansgar and Homberg, Werner}},
  booktitle    = {{Ilmenauer Federntag 2023: Neueste Erkenntnisse zu Funktion, Berechnung, Prüfung und Gestaltung von Federn und Werkstoffen}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-948595-09-8}},
  location     = {{Ilmenau}},
  publisher    = {{ISLE Steuerungstechnik und Leistungselektronik}},
  title        = {{{Neuartiger Ansatz zum Richten von zwei- und dreidimensionalen Fehlern an einem Federdraht}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{44314,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Workpiece property-control permits the application-oriented and time-efficient production of components. In reverse flow forming, for example, a control of the microstructure profile is not yet part of the state of the art, in contrast to the geometry control. This is, due to several reasons, particularly challenging when forming seamless tubes made of metastable austenitic stainless AISI 304L steel. Inducing mechanical and/or thermal energy can cause a phase transformation from austenite to martensite within this steel. The resulting α’-martensite has different mechanical and micromagnetic properties, which can be advantageous depending on the application. For purposes of local property control, the resulting α’-martensite content should be measured and controlled online during the forming process. This paper presents results from the usage of a custom developed cryo-system and different application strategies to use liquid nitrogen as a coolant for local enhancement of the forming-temperature depending α’-martensite content. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Kersting, Lukas and Trächtler, Ansgar and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Walther, Frank}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Cryogenic reverse flow forming of AISI 304L}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902479-219}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{48075,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The constantly increasing challenges of production technology for the economic and resource-saving production of metallic workpieces require, among other things, the optimisation of existing processes. Forming technology, which is confronted with new challenges regarding the quality of the workpieces, must also organise the individual processes more efficiently and at the same time more reliably in order to be able to guarantee good workpiece quality and at the same time to be able to produce economically. One way to meet these challenges is to carry out the forming processes in closed-loop control systems using softsensors. Despite the many potential applications of softsensors in the field of forming technology, there is still no definition of the term softsensor. This publication therefore proposes a definition of the softsensor based on the definition of a sensor and the distinction from the observer, which on the one hand is intended to stimulate scientific discourse and on the other hand is also intended to form the basis for further scientific work. Based on this definition, a wide variety of highly topical application examples of various softsensors in the field of forming technology are given.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Homberg, Werner and Arian, Bahman and Arne, Viktor and Borgert, Thomas and Brosius, Alexander and Groche, Peter and Hartmann, Christoph and Kersting, Lukas and Laue, Robert and Martschin, Juri and Meurer, Thomas and Spies, Daniel and Tekkaya, A. Erman and Trächtler, Ansgar and Volk, Wolfram and Wendler, Frank and Wrobel, Malte}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Softsensors: key component of property control in forming technology}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-023-01227-1}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{44036,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. In order to reduce global energy consumption in production and industry along with the associated CO2 emissions, existing resources must be used more efficiently. This includes the energy-efficient and comprehensive recycling of a wide range of metals. Especially for the production of aluminium, there is a large potential for saving energy using efficient recycling processes. With regard to the recycling of aluminium studies have shown that solid-state recycling processes are significantly more efficient considering the used energy and resources compared to the conventional, smelting-metallurgical recycling process. In this paper, the direct and energy-efficient friction-induced recycling process (FIRP) based on the conform process is further described and analysed in terms of the temperature-property relationships. For this purpose, the influence of the processing temperature on the microstructure and properties of the recycled semi-finished products is investigated using the toll system that enables an ECAP forming. Specific sections of the (in theory) infinite, recycled semi-finished product are taken and analysed at different process temperatures of the solid state recycling process. Based on these sections, the properties in terms of mechanical hardness, strength, ductility and grain size are analysed and a degressive relationship between process temperature and mechanical hardness up to a temperature of 270 °C can be shown. Applying the Hall-Petch relationship, it is analysed whether there is a correlation between the strength and the microstructure in the form of the grain size. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Homberg, Werner}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  keywords     = {{Recycling, Aluminium, Friction-Induced, Energy Efficiency}},
  location     = {{Kraków}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of temperature effect on strength and microstructure in friction induced recycling process (FIRP)}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902479-211}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{44035,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Friction-spinning as an innovative incremental forming process enables large degrees of deformation in tube and sheet metal-forming due to a self-induced heat generation in the forming zone. This paper presents new process designs for energy and resource-efficient forming of gas cylinders by friction-spinning without the use of an external heat supply. The self-generated heat enables friction-spinning process to reduce the energy demand in the manufacture of gas cylinders, which are usually manufactured with external heat (mostly fossil fuels), by 95 %. Typical gas cylinder contours, such as flattened and spherical bottom ends and cylinder necks, are manufactured by friction-spinning of AW 6060 tubular profiles with specifically designed tool path strategies. It is shown that friction-spinning enables the manufacture of typical gas cylinder contours with sufficient wall thickness and the required gas tightness without the input of external heat. Thus, this process can contribute to an increase in the energy and resource efficiency of forming processes. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Dahms, Frederik and Homberg, Werner}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  location     = {{Krakau}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Energy and Resource-efficient Forming of Gas Cylinders by Friction-Spinning}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902479-208}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{43044,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. The combination of incremental sheet metal forming and high-speed forming offers new possibilities for flexible forming processes in the production of large sheet metal components of increased complexity with relatively low forming energies. In this paper, the general feasibility and process differences between the pulse-driven high-speed forming technologies of electrohydraulic and electromagnetic forming were investigated. An example component made of EN AW 6016 aluminum sheet metal was thus formed incrementally by both processes and the forming result evaluated by an optical 3D measurement system. For this purpose, a forming strategy for electromagnetic incremental forming (EMIF) was developed, tested and adapted to the electrohydraulic incremental forming process (EHIF). The discharge energy, the tool displacement and the pressure field of the forming zone were determined as relevant parameters for the definition of an adequate tool path strategy. It was found that the EHIF process is less affected by larger distances between the tool and the blank, while this is a critical variable for force application to the component during EMIF. On the other hand, the more uniform pressure distribution of the EMIF process is advantageous for forming large steady component areas. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Holzmüller, Maik and Linnemann, Maik and Homberg, Werner and Psyk, Verena and Kräusel, Verena  and Kroos, Janika}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  keywords     = {{Incremental Sheet Forming, Aluminium, High-Speed Forming}},
  location     = {{Nürnberg}},
  pages        = {{11--18}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Proof of concept for incremental sheet metal forming by means of electromagnetic and electrohydraulic high-speed forming}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-2}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{43045,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The pressure fields generated by two simultaneous discharges have not been investigated on any notable scale for the electrohydraulic impulse forming method. In this study, the synchronicity of two discharges is ensured by the sequential connection of two wires mounted in two spark gaps in a common volume of liquid. The objective is to experimentally confirm the equilibrium of the energies evolved in two spark gaps by means of pressure measurements. In addition, multipoint membrane pressure gauges demonstrated the feasibility of easily recording detailed pressure maps. Based on the membrane deformation mechanism and material strengthening under static and impulse conditions, the processing procedure is further developed so as to achieve better accuracy in the determination of pressure field parameters. The practical equality of the pressure fields on the left and right halves of the flat-loaded area confirms the equality of energies evolved in the two spark gaps. The direct shock waves create zones with the most intensive loading. These results provide a basis for the development of new electrohydraulic technologies involving the application of two simultaneous discharges with equal energy and pressure parameters.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Knyazyev, Mykhaylo and Holzmüller, Maik and Homberg, Werner}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{impulse, forming, electrohydraulic, discharge, wire, pressure gauge, pressure field}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of Pressure Fields Generated by Two Simultaneous Discharges in Liquid Initiated by Wires}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp7010040}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}