@article{64859, abstract = {{This study investigated whether external effort mobilization through try-harder instructions enhances performance in complex motor tasks, as reflected by the reduction of costs associated with producing a deceptive action. Basketball passing movements with and without head fakes were examined in a reaction-time paradigm. Participants were generally instructed to initiate the movement as fast and accurately as possible, while try-harder instructions were presented in 25 % of trials, prompting participants to mobilize all their cognitive resources to perform even faster. To investigate if athletic expertise modulates the potential effects of effort mobilization, basketball novices and experienced players were tested. Results demonstrated that try-harder instructions generally improved participants’ performance, facilitating faster response initiation times and movement execution, as well as a specific reduction in initiation time variability. Novices benefited more than experienced players, indicating that effort results in greater improvement when complex motor actions (for example, passes with head fakes) are not yet fully stabilized and lack automated fluency. This pattern suggests that effort enhances performance in complex actions when performance is limited by the amount of cognitive capacity available, supporting the coordination of partly conflicting movement components within tight temporal constraints. The findings extend previous research on effort mobilization from simple to complex motor tasks. Try-harder instructions appear to enhance performance primarily by reducing attentional lapses rather than generally improving processing speed. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of effort mobilization in experienced athletes in situations of high concurrent cognitive load.}}, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Steinborn, Michael B. and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}}, issn = {{1469-0292}}, journal = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}}, keywords = {{Effort, Try-harder instruction, Deception, Basketball, Head fake, Fake production}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Mobilizing effort in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive actions}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083}}, volume = {{84}}, year = {{2026}}, } @inproceedings{59090, author = {{Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Abstracts of the 56th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP) }}, editor = {{Weigelt, M.}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, pages = {{9}}, title = {{{Response inhibition for the basketball pump fake with responses of different complexity}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{59146, author = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Blischke, Klaus and Arning, Larissa and Weigelt, Matthias}}, editor = {{Hermsdörfer, Joachim and Stadler, Waltraud and Gulde, Philipp and Franklin, David W.}}, location = {{Munich}}, title = {{{Effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on neural augmented-feedback processing and motor automatization.}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{60281, author = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Jackson, Robin C. and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{57. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)}}, editor = {{Kullik, Lisa and Birnkraut, Tim and Kellmann, Michael}}, location = {{Bochum}}, title = {{{The influence of action outcome probability and expertise on the size of the head-fake effect in basketball}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{60133, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{57. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)}}, editor = {{Kullik, Lisa and Birnkraut, Tim and Kellmann, Michael}}, location = {{Bochum}}, pages = {{105}}, title = {{{Differences of producing head fakes with and without a social partner}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61884, author = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Schulze Freilinghaus, Lars and Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{57. Herbsttagung experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)}}, editor = {{Geißler, Christoph F. and Schöpper, Lars-Michael}}, location = {{Trier}}, title = {{{Unraveling the head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict in sport contexts}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62111, abstract = {{Abstract The execution of incompatible actions imposes costs on action planning, commonly known as response-response incompatibility-costs. This phenomenon is also evident in sports: A basketball player who performs a pass in one direction whilst orienting the head into the contrary direction (pass with head fake) needs more time to initiate the action as if pass direction and head orientation are the same (pass without head fake). The aim of this study was twofold: First, we present a re-analysis of the data from Böer et al. (Psychological Research 88:523–524, 2024) using mixture effect modelling (Miller, Behavior Research Methods 38:92–106, 2006) explore if fake-production costs manifest continuously (uniform effect) in all participants or if some participants show fake-production costs occasionally but substantially (mixed effect). Second, we collected data of a control group which was analysed with the previous data of the practice group and fitted initiation times (ITs) to an ex-Gaussian distribution. The analysis of mixture effects revealed that most participants exhibited a uniform effect when they didn’t have time to mentally prepare the movement. This pattern was not changed by practice, suggesting fake-production costs can’t be overcome by practice alone without mental preparation time. The analysis of mean ITs revealed improvements in the practice group but not in the control group, independent of the type of pass performed. The distribution analyses complemented these findings as it showed that the improvement in participants’ performance with increasing practice can mainly be attributed to a reduction of the exponential part of the distribution (parameter tau).}}, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{Sport Psychology, Sport Science, Deception, Distribution Analysis}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6}}, volume = {{89}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62116, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{57th Herbsttreffen der experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)}}, keywords = {{Deception, Sport Psychology, Social Interaction}}, location = {{Trier}}, title = {{{The mere presence of a social partner modulates fake-production costs}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{65259, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{67th Conference of Experimental Psychologists}}, editor = {{Lê-Hoa Võ, Melissa and Fiebach, Christian and Shing, Yee Lee and Sammler, Daniela and Windmann, Sabine and Kaiser, Jochen}}, keywords = {{deception, action preparation, perception, movement planning, sport psychology}}, location = {{Frankfurt am Main}}, pages = {{132}}, title = {{{Differences of producing head fakes with and without a social partner}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{54239, author = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}}, editor = {{Koester, D. and Krämer, L. and Fuhlert , L. and Everding, J. and Weilharter, F. and Marlovitz, A. }}, isbn = {{978-3-00-078882-6}}, location = {{Berlin}}, publisher = {{BSP Business & Law School Berlin}}, title = {{{Further information about neural valence-dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice: An analysis of frontal theta-band activity}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{54304, author = {{Thorenz, Kristin and Sudeck, Gorden and Berwinkel, Andre and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Methodenvielfalt: Lebendigkeit in Theorie und Praxis Abstractband zur 56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)}}, editor = {{Koester, Dirk and Krämer, Lina and Fuhlert, Leonhard and Everding, Jannik and Weilharter, Fritz and Marlovits, Andreas}}, location = {{Berlin}}, title = {{{The affective responses to moderate physical activity: A further validation study for the German versions of the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{56133, abstract = {{AbstractTo investigate the point where inappropriate defensive movements can no longer be inhibited and to validate suitable stimulus material for constructing a basketball-specific anticipation-response-inhibition task, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants without basketball expertise (N = 25) watched a video of a basketball jump shot and were asked to release the space bar at the point when the ball leaves the player's fingertips (go-trials). In 25% of all trials, the video was stopped prematurely and participants should withhold their finger-lift response (stop-trials). A staircase-tracking algorithm was used to adjust the point-in-time when the jump shot was stopped in a way that participants’ inhibition rate was at 50% (reflecting the so called “point-of-no-return”, PNR). In Experiment 2, the stimulus material was adapted so that stop-trials simulated a pump fake. The PNR in Experiment 1 was located 187 ms and in Experiment 2 177 ms before the point of ball release. Precision performance benefit from practice across blocks and participants delayed their responses after stop-trials in a subsequent go-trial, which reflects strategic post-stop-trial adjustments. Based on the comparable results of previous studies, the given stimulus material is suitable for investigating response inhibition skills in dynamic sport-specific environments.}}, author = {{Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{47032, author = {{Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Book of Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists}}, editor = {{Fröber, K. and Abel, M. and Bäuml, K.H. and Dreisbach, G. and Kliegl, O. and Köster, M. and Lingnau, A. and Volberg, G. and Götz, F. J.}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, pages = {{553}}, title = {{{Response inhibition for the basketball pump fake}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{57501, author = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias and Kunde, Wilfried and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists}}, editor = {{Fröber, Kerstin and Abel, Magdalena and Bäuml, Karl-Heinz and Dreisbach, Gesine and Kliegl, Oliver and Köster, Moritz and Lingnau, Angelika and Volberg, Gregor and Götz, Felix J.}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, publisher = {{LibreCat University}}, title = {{{Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules}}}, doi = {{10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{57511, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}}, editor = {{Fröber, Kerstin and Abel, Magdalena and Bäuml, Karl-Heinz and Dreisbach, Gesine and Kliegl, Oliver and Köster, Moritz and Lingnau, Angelika and Volberg, Gregor and Götz, Felix J.}}, keywords = {{action preparation, perception, movement planning, deception}}, location = {{ Regensburg }}, pages = {{77}}, title = {{{Try harder! - The influence of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{58841, author = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias and Kunde, Wilfried and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, title = {{{Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{59089, author = {{Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Methodenvielfalt: Lebendigkeit in Theorie und Praxis Abstractband zur 56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie}}, editor = {{Koester, D. and Krämer, L. and Fuhlert, L. and Everding, J. and Weilhart, F. and Marlovits, A.}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{208}}, title = {{{Response inhibition for the basketball pump fake}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{54303, author = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)}}, editor = {{Koester, Dirk and Krämer, Lina and Fuhlert, Leonhard and Everding, Jannik and Weilharter, Fritz and Marlovits, Andreas}}, location = {{Berlin}}, pages = {{119}}, title = {{{The influence of effort instruction on fake production costs in basketball novices and experienced basketball players.}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{54690, abstract = {{In basketball, an attacking player often plays a pass to one side while looking to the other side. This head fake provokes a conflict in the observing opponent, as the processing of the head orientation interferes with the processing of the pass direction. Accordingly, responses to passes with head fakes are slower and result in more errors than responses to passes without head fakes (head-fake effect). The head-fake effect and structurally similar interference effects (e.g., Stroop effect) are modulated by the frequency of conflicting trials. Previous studies mostly applied a block-wise manipulation of proportion congruency. However, in basketball (and also in other team sports), where different individual opponents can be encountered, it might be important to take the individual frequency (e.g., 20% vs. 80%) of these opponents into account. Therefore, the present study investigates the possibility to quickly (i.e., on a trial-by-trial basis) reconfigure the response behavior to different proportions of incongruent trials, which are contingent on different basketball players. Results point out that participants indeed adapted to the fake-frequency of different basketball players, which could be the result of strategic adaptation processes. Multi-level analyses, however, indicate that a substantial portion of the player-specific adaptation to fake frequencies is accounted by episodic retrieval processes, suggesting that item-specific proportion congruency effects can be explained in terms of stimulus-response binding and retrieval: The head orientation (e.g., to the right) of a current stimulus retrieves the last episode with the same head orientation including the response that was part of this last episode. Thus, from a theoretical perspective, an attacking player would provoke the strongest detrimental effect on an opponent if s/he repeats the same head movement but changes the direction of the pass. Whether it is at all possible to strategically apply this recommendation in practice needs still to be answered.}}, author = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias and Kunde, Wilfried and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, pages = {{1702--1711}}, title = {{{Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2}}, volume = {{88}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{48716, abstract = {{AbstractSupplementing an earlier analysis of event‐related potentials in extensive motor learning (Margraf et al., 2022a, 2022b), frontal theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz) was scrutinized. Thirty‐seven participants learned a sequential arm movement with 192 trials in each of five practice sessions. Feedback, based on a performance adaptive bandwidth, was given after every trial. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the first and last practice sessions. The degree of motor automatization was tested under dual‐task conditions in a pre‐test–post‐test design. Quantitative error information was transported in both feedback conditions (positive and negative). Frontal theta activity was discussed as a general signal that cognitive control is needed and, therefore, was expected to be higher after negative feedback. Extensive motor practice promotes automatization, and therefore, decreased frontal theta activity was expected in the later practice. Further, it was expected that frontal theta was predictive for subsequent behavioural adaptations and the amount of motor automatization. As the results show, induced frontal theta power was higher after negative feedback and decreased after five sessions of practice. Moreover, induced theta activity was predictive for error correction and, therefore, an indicator of whether the recruited cognitive resources successfully induced behavioural adaptations. It remains to be solved why these effects, which fit well with the theoretical assumptions, were only revealed by the induced part of frontal theta activity. Further, the amount of theta activity during practice was not predictive for the degree of motor automatization. It seems that there might be a dissociation between attentional resources associated with feedback processing and attentional resources associated with motor control.}}, author = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}}, issn = {{0953-816X}}, journal = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}}, keywords = {{General Neuroscience}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{1297--1316}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Frontal theta reveals further information about neural valence‐dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice—A secondary analysis}}}, doi = {{10.1111/ejn.15951}}, volume = {{57}}, year = {{2023}}, }