@article{59478, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Rarbach, Sven and Pottebaum, Jens}}, issn = {{2942-6170}}, journal = {{Industry 4.0 Science}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{GITO mbH Verlag}}, title = {{{Data Quality in the Engineering of Circular Products - Decision support for circular value creation through data ecosystems}}}, doi = {{10.30844/i4se.25.2.12}}, volume = {{2025}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{58076, abstract = {{This paper presents the concept of Information Circularity Assistance, which provides decision support in the early stages of product creation for Circular Economy. Engineers in strategic product planning need to proactively predict the quantity, quality, and timing of secondary materials and returned components. For example, products with high recycled content will only be economically sustainable if the material is actually available in the future product life. Our assumption is that Information Circularity Assistance enables decision makers to incorporate insights from extreme data – high-volume, high-velocity, heterogeneous and distributed data from the product life – into product creation through intelligent Digital Twins. Artificial Intelligence can help to derive sustainable actions in favor of circular products by processing extreme data and enriching it with expert knowledge. The research contributes in three key dimensions. First, a comprehensive literature review is conducted. This review covers concepts of intelligence in Scenario-Technique for strategic product planning, Digital Twin-based analysis of extreme data and relevant technologies from Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. In all areas, the state of the art and emerging trends are identified. Secondly, the study identifies information needs along the steps of the Scenario-Technique and information offerings based on Digital Twins. The concept of Information Circularity Assistance results from the coupling of these demands and offerings, extending the Scenario-Technique beyond traditional expert-based methods. Third, we extend existing Digital Twin methods used in circularity and discuss the deployment of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence algorithms within the product creation process. Our approach uses extreme data to provide a strategic advantage in optimizing product life cycle planning, which is illustrated by two sample applications. The aim is to provide Information Circularity Assistance that will support experienced product planners, developers, and decision makers in the future.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Weyrich, Michael and Pottebaum, Jens and Kamm, Simon}}, issn = {{0178-2312}}, journal = {{at - Automatisierungstechnik}}, keywords = {{Scenario-Technique, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Twin, Large Language Models}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{3--21}}, publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}}, title = {{{Information Circularity Assistance based on extreme data}}}, doi = {{10.1515/auto-2024-0039}}, volume = {{73}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{58650, abstract = {{Technical systems are characterized by increasing interdisciplinarity, complexity and networking. A product and its corresponding production systems require interdisciplinary multi-objective optimization. Sustainability and recyclability demands increase said complexity. The efficiency of previously established engineering methods is reaching its limits, which can only be overcome by systematic integration of extreme data. The aim of "hybrid decision support" is as follows: Data science and artificial intelligence should be used to supplement human capabilities in conjunction with existing heuristics, methods, modeling and simulation to increase the efficiency of product creation.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Nyhuis, Peter and Stark, Rainer and Thoben, Klaus-Dieter and Wiederkehr, Petra}}, issn = {{2942-6170}}, journal = {{Industry 4.0 Science}}, keywords = {{AI, artificial intelligence, Data Science, decision support, extreme data, Künstliche Intelligenz, product creation, product development}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{GITO mbH Verlag}}, title = {{{Hybrid Decision Support in Product Creation - Improving performance with data science and artificial intelligence}}}, doi = {{10.30844/i4sd.25.1.18}}, volume = {{2025}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61060, abstract = {{In early operational phases of severe weather events, a lack of information challenges emergency management teams to gain an overview of the situation and make informed decisions. To support situational exploration, unmanned aerial and ground vehicles attract increasing attention, primarily used to document operational sites. However, they offer further potential in early operational phases. To ensure their reliable use for exploration, decision-makers must be aware of opportunities and limitations under prevailing conditions. For this, use cases for robotic simulation in emergency response are presented, considering technical restrictions and dynamic influences from weather impacts. The approach of integrating rescue robot simulation into the response phase is developed following a five-step research design. Existing use cases of rescue robot simulation are identified in a systematic literature analysis. The results are extended with use cases developed for urban flooding scenarios. Subsequently, use cases are assessed and selected for implementation in the simulation environment Gazebo. Finally, the results are validated with end users in the EU research project CREXDATA, which focuses on decision support based on processing extreme data. The implemented use cases demonstrate the potential of robotic simulation in emergency response to accelerate action planning in decisionmaking and provide a more detailed picture, enabling betterinformed decisions. }}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Döhner, Niklas and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}}, booktitle = {{Mensch und Computer 2025 - Workshopband}}, keywords = {{robotic simulation, rescue robots, emergency response, extreme weather}}, location = {{Chemnitz}}, title = {{{Shifting boundaries from preparedness to response: Using simulation of rescue robots in weather-induced emergencies}}}, doi = {{10.18420/muc2025-mci-ws01-187}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61109, author = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Özcan, Deniz and Döhner, Niklas and Pratzler-Wanczura, Sylvia and Derin, Enes and Krüger, Oliver and Kruijff-Korbayova, Ivana and Stampa, Merlin}}, location = {{Koblenz, Deutschland}}, pages = {{81--94}}, publisher = {{LibreCat University}}, title = {{{EU-Projekt CREXDATA: Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen zum Einsatz KI-generierter Lageinformationen für die Lagebewertung und Maßnahmenplanung in Extremwetterlagen}}}, doi = {{10.5281/ZENODO.16740824}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{60013, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Nyhuis, Peter and Schmidt, Matthias and Grewe, Benedikt and Vollenkemper, Felix and Hesse, Thomas and Meinecke, Tim}}, booktitle = {{Stuttgarter Symposium für Produktentwicklung (SSP) 2025}}, editor = {{Hölzle, Katharina and Kreimeyer, Matthias and Roth, Daniel and Maier, Thomas and Riedel, Oliver}}, location = {{Stuttgart}}, pages = {{509--518}}, publisher = {{Fraunhofer IAO}}, title = {{{Evolving Design for Assembly, Disassembly and Reassembly into a new paradigm: Design-for-Capabilities with Hybrid Decision Support as an enabler for circular products}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62688, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Rarbach, Sven}}, booktitle = {{The 11th World Sustainability Forum (WSF11)}}, location = {{Barcelona}}, publisher = {{MDPI}}, title = {{{Potentials of Product Lifecycle Management to Enhance Circular Economy}}}, doi = {{10.3390/proceedings2025131047}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61103, abstract = {{Verification planning for engineering complex systems lacks a systematic procedure for creating test scenarios. Test scenarios can be generated by combining test cases, or by integrating test cases into pre-specified scenarios. Based on a systematic literature analysis a method is developed to simplify verification planning by creating new test scenarios and enriching existing ones. To assist the V&V engineer in planning test scenarios, a catalogue of combination premises is created to support the method. The method is evaluated in the development of a platform for emergency management. Evaluation proves that the method makes modelling of test scenarios more efficient.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}}, booktitle = {{Procedia CIRP}}, issn = {{2212-8271}}, keywords = {{Systems Engineering, test scenario creation, verification, customer involvement}}, location = {{Patras, Greece}}, pages = {{213--218}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Method for systematic creation of test scenarios for early customer involvement}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.038}}, volume = {{136}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{54522, abstract = {{The importance of extreme weather situations is increasing due to their number and, above all, their impact on stakeholders in emergency response. They are characterized by cascading effects with global and local interdependencies. Extreme data must be included as a basis for decision-making. The impact in emergency response depends on diverse, multidisciplinary competencies required to interpret information. Scenarios are used in various forms of preparation: in exercises, but also for the design of information systems and validation. Based on literature, this article brings together different types of scenarios and related work in the field of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Using an exemplary case relating to possible pluvial urban floods, the added value resulting from a focus on the impact of innovative solutions is discussed. It is shown that the use of scenarios helps to make the desired impact assessable for decision-makers in all phases of research and development projects.}}, author = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 21st ISCRAM Conference (ISCRAM 2024)}}, editor = {{Penkert, Berthold and Hellingrath, Bernd and Rode, Monika and Widera, Adam and Middelhoff, Michael and Boersma, Kees and Kalthöner, Matthias}}, location = {{Münster}}, publisher = {{ISCRAM}}, title = {{{Uncovering Impact of Innovation: Continuous Stakeholder Engagement through Scenario-based Systems Engineering}}}, doi = {{10.5281/ZENODO.11298332}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{56072, abstract = {{Weather-induced emergencies are characterized by underlying weather phenomena, their evolution in time and space as well as their impact on the environment including people, nature and infrastructure. Typically, simulations are used to consider a variety of potential extreme weather scenarios in preparedness phases. Due to required computing power, duration and high efforts in parameterizing such tools are hardly used within response situations. Enhanced simulation models and surrogate models based on machine learning technologies carry potentials to overcome these challenges. An approach is presented that adopts simulation for the case of flooding events. It considers all phases from demand situation in command posts through advanced parameter space exploration to advanced visualization of simulation results in Augmented Reality. Initial evaluation results are presented, complemented by conclusions on incorporated technologies. The results contribute to future adoption of simulation even in time-critical response situations.}}, author = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}}, booktitle = {{Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband}}, keywords = {{extreme weather, emergency response, simulation, Augmented Reality}}, location = {{Karlsruhe}}, publisher = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}}, title = {{{Extending the application of simulation from preparedness to response use cases in weather-induced emergencies}}}, doi = {{10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws13-209}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{56207, abstract = {{We present a data acquisition and visualization pipeline that allows experts to monitor additive manufacturing processes, in particular laser metal deposition with wire (LMD-w) processes, in immersive virtual reality. Our virtual environment consists of a digital shadow of the LMD-w production site enriched with additional measurement data shown on both static as well as handheld virtual displays. Users can explore the production site by enhanced teleportation capabilities that enable them to change their scale as well as their elevation above the ground plane. In an exploratory user study with 22 participants, we demonstrate that our system is generally suitable for the supervision of LMD-w processes while generating low task load and cybersickness. Therefore, it serves as a first promising step towards the successful application of virtual reality technology in the comparatively young field of additive manufacturing.}}, author = {{Rupp, Daniel and Kuhlen, Torsten W. and Rarbach, Sven and Wiechel, Dominik and Pottebaum, Jens and Weidemann, Tizia and Tran, Duc Thanh and Day, Robin and Zielinski, Jonas and König, Valentina and Bremer, Jan and Kosche, Thomas and Grimm, Andreas and Bergs, Thomas and Gräßler, Iris and Weissker, Tim}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the GI VR/AR Workshop 2024}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, publisher = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}}, title = {{{Virtual Reality as a Tool for Monitoring Additive Manufacturing Processes via Digital Shadows}}}, doi = {{10.18420/vrar2024_0006}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{57300, abstract = {{Engineering methodologies for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) call for planning simulations and physical testing in early phases of product creation. Even in Model-Based Systems Engineering, there is a lack of systematic support that results in avoidable costs and iterations in the engineering process. Planning test cases and test scenarios along the product engineering process is not sufficiently integrated in terms of support especially for verification and validation engineers. Based on a systematic literature review, concepts for model-based planning of testing are developed. Characteristics of test cases and test scenarios of CPS are systematically identified. Generic templates for the creation of test cases and scenarios are derived. Based on the templates, a System Modeling Language (SysML) profile extension is developed which enables intuitive modelling of test cases and scenarios. The SysML profile is evaluated in a sample System-of-Systems in Disaster Response. It subsumes various types of sensor systems like rescue robotics, data science algorithms and visualization technologies like Augmented Reality to support decisions in extreme weather events. The templates and SysML profile significantly add value for engineers in the early and systematic planning of verification and validation.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)}}, keywords = {{Systems Engineering, Systems verification, System testing}}, location = {{Perugia}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Model-based planning of test cases and test scenarios to support engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/isse63315.2024.10741135}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{58233, abstract = {{Extreme weather situations increasingly lead to hazardous situations with high demands on de-cision-making and communication. Weather and impact forecasts serve to prepare for such an emergency situation, and extreme data must be processed during operations. Therefore, extreme data is categorised with reference to global weather data and data from local situation reconnais-sance using sensors carried by mobile robots. A concept is presented in which information quality is explicitly considered in visualization for situational awareness. This extends existing principles of information visualisation with regard to the uncertainty resulting from extreme data. The re-sults are intended to help decision-makers at different management levels to make informed decisions.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Hieb, Michael and Pratzler-Wanczura, Sylvia and Krüger, Oliver and Kruijff, Ivana and Rupp, Nicola}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Days of Security Research 2023}}, editor = {{Bernsdorf, Bodo}}, location = {{Dortmund}}, publisher = {{Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola}}, title = {{{Weather-induced emergency situations: Extreme data in situational awareness and visualisation}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{46451, abstract = {{New technologies and materials carry significant potential for sustainable production and use of products. As an example, Additive Manufacturing technologies and materials promise lightweight design and energy efficient use of parts. Exhausting the full potential requires: a) consideration of uncertainties with respect to future capabilities, and b) upgradeable design guidelines to cover advancements consistently. The proposed approach merges concepts of Design-for-X with foresight algorithms of Scenario-Technique to derive actionable knowledge. It is validated by an application in the field of Additive Manufacturing, namely Metal Fused Deposition Modelling. Engineers benefit from the intuitive access to heterogeneous types of sustainability related information.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Mozgova, Iryna and Pottebaum, Jens and Ott, Manuel and Jung, Philipp and Hesse, Philipp}}, booktitle = {{17th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering}}, keywords = {{Design-for-X, Scenario-Technique, sustainability, uncertainty, Life-Cycle Engineering, Additive Manufacturing, Circular Economy}}, location = {{Gulf of Naples}}, pages = {{549--554}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Handling of uncertainties in the design of sustainable Additive Manufacturing products by merging Design-for-X and Scenario-Technique}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.238}}, volume = {{126}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{57584, abstract = {{There are numerous initiatives and lighthouse projects around Gaia-X to create the basics of open, trustworthy data ecosystems. One of the challenges in building these data ecosystems is to convince everyone involved of the advantages of multilateral data sharing. A prerequisite is also a common understanding of the rights of use and access to the data. Data sovereignty means that the data provider decides which data with which usage and access rights he wants to make accessible to which user group. Standardised digital representations by, for instance, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS enable creation of such data ecosystems, interlinking the physical and digital space. In the paper at hand, a conceptual approach named Decide4Eco is presented with the aim to enable systematic and flexible decision-making support for product planning and development concerning the sustainability of a product and the entire value chain. Methods of sustainability assessment are expanded to include predictive AI-based effects analyses.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Holland, Martin and Wiechel, Dominik and Dickopf, Thomas and Stjepandić, Josip}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering}}, editor = {{Stjepandic, Josip}}, isbn = {{9781643685502}}, issn = {{2352-751X}}, location = {{London}}, pages = {{175--184}}, publisher = {{IOS Press}}, title = {{{Leveraging Data Ecosystems in Model-Based Systems Engineering for Ecological, Circular Added Value}}}, doi = {{10.3233/atde240858}}, volume = {{60}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{57305, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Grewe, Benedikt}}, journal = {{VDI Konstruktion}}, pages = {{60--61}}, title = {{{Forschen für die Zukunft der Produktentstehung. Innovation erleben und validieren}}}, volume = {{76}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{57309, author = {{Safranoglou, Ioannis and Stavroulakis, Alexis and Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Lamprinakis, Georgios and Dimelli, Despina and Mania, Katerina}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Augmented Reality for Real-Time Decision-Making in Flood Emergencies}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct64951.2024.00032}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{52587, author = {{Bodden, Eric and Pottebaum, Jens and Fockel, Markus and Gräßler, Iris}}, issn = {{1540-7993}}, journal = {{IEEE Security & Privacy}}, keywords = {{Law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Networks and Communications}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{69--72}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{Evaluating Security Through Isolation and Defense in Depth}}}, doi = {{10.1109/msec.2023.3336028}}, volume = {{22}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{48946, abstract = {{inhalt Der verlässliche Betrieb von technischen Produkten wird zunehmend durch bewusste Angriffe bedroht. Vollständige Sicherheit ist dabei nicht möglich, durchschlagende Angriffe sind unvermeidbar (Assume Breach). Dies erfordert einen Paradigmenwechsel in der sicherheitsgerechten Entwicklung mechatronischer und cyber-physischer Systeme hin zu Defense-in-Depth. Systeme müssen so ausgelegt werden, dass sie auch bei gezielten Angriffen möglichst hohe Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit gewährleisten. Der hier beschriebene Lösungsansatz erweitert das Systemmodell um Angriffsszenarien und Verteidigungslinien. Diese werden am Beispiel eines industriellen Schließsystems zur Anlagensicherheit erläutert. Entwickler werden sensibilisiert, Angriffe systematisch zu berücksichtigen und interdisziplinär Verteidigungselemente gegenüber Bedrohungen und Angriffen zu spezifizieren.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Bodden, Eric and Wiechel, Dominik and Pottebaum, Jens}}, issn = {{0720-5953}}, journal = {{Konstruktion}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Theoretical Computer Science}}, number = {{11-12}}, pages = {{60--65}}, publisher = {{VDI Fachmedien GmbH and Co. KG}}, title = {{{Defense-in-Depth als neues Paradigma der sicherheitsgerechten Produktentwicklung: interdisziplinäre, bedrohungsbewusste und lösungsorientierte Security}}}, doi = {{10.37544/0720-5953-2023-11-12-60}}, volume = {{75}}, year = {{2023}}, } @techreport{46501, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ovtcharova, Jivka and Dattner, Michael and Dietert, Tilko and Dietz, Patrick and Elstermann, Matthes and Fayet, Celestin and Hauck, Andreas and Häuser, Frank and Fischer, Holger and Herzog, Michael and Köhler, Christian and Lachenmaier, Jens and Lachmayer, Roland and Meussen, Bernhard and Mozgova, Iryna and Möser, Sebastian and Pottebaum, Jens and Schluse, Michael and Schneider, Jannik and Stetter, Ralf and Thurnes, Christian and Tusek, Alena Marie and Wurst, Johanna }}, title = {{{Begriffe der strategischen Produktplanung und -entwicklung. Produkt und hybride Leistung}}}, year = {{2023}}, }