@article{38051,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The characterisation of loss in optical waveguides is essential in understanding the performance of these devices and their limitations. Whilst interferometric-based methods generally provide the best results for low-loss waveguides, they are almost exclusively used to provide characterization in cases where the waveguide is spatially single-mode. Here, we introduce a Fabry-Pérot-based scheme to estimate the losses of a nonlinear (birefringent or quasi-phase matched) waveguide at a wavelength where it is multi-mode. The method involves measuring the generated second harmonic power as the pump wavelength is scanned over the phase matching region. Furthermore, it is shown that this method allows one to infer the losses of different second harmonic spatial modes by scanning the pump field over the separated phase matching spectra. By fitting the measured phase matching spectra from different titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguides to the model presented in this paper, it is shown that one can estimate the second harmonic losses of a single spatial-mode, at wavelengths where the waveguides are spatially multi-mode.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Santandrea, Matteo and Stefszky, Michael and Roeland, Ganaël and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  keywords     = {{Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Interferometric method for determining the losses of spatially multi-mode nonlinear waveguides based on second harmonic generation.}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.380788}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{26225,
  author       = {{Santandrea, Matteo and Stefszky, Michael and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{0146-9592}},
  journal      = {{Optics Letters}},
  title        = {{{General framework for the analysis of imperfections in nonlinear systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/ol.44.005398}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{26226,
  author       = {{Santandrea, Matteo and Stefszky, Michael and Ansari, Vahid and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{1367-2630}},
  journal      = {{New Journal of Physics}},
  title        = {{{Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1367-2630/aaff13}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{26224,
  author       = {{Santandrea, Matteo and Stefszky, Michael and Roeland, Ganaël and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{1367-2630}},
  journal      = {{New Journal of Physics}},
  title        = {{{Characterisation of fabrication inhomogeneities in Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1367-2630/ab5cb5}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{9679,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Ricken, R and Eigner, Christof and Quiring, V and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{2040-8978}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Optics}},
  title        = {{{High-power waveguide resonator second harmonic device with external conversion efficiency up to 75%}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/2040-8986/aac1d5}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@article{26043,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Ulvila, Ville and Abdallah, Zeina and Silberhorn, Christine and Vainio, Markku}},
  issn         = {{2469-9926}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  title        = {{{Towards optical-frequency-comb generation in continuous-wave-pumped titanium-indiffused lithium-niobate waveguide resonators}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.98.053850}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@article{9618,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Ricken, R. and Eigner, Christof and Quiring, V. and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{2331-7019}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Applied}},
  title        = {{{Waveguide Cavity Resonator as a Source of Optical Squeezing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevapplied.7.044026}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@article{26040,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Ricken, R. and Eigner, Christof and Quiring, V. and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{2331-7019}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Applied}},
  title        = {{{Waveguide Cavity Resonator as a Source of Optical Squeezing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevapplied.7.044026}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@article{26044,
  author       = {{Krapick, S. and Stefszky, Michael and Jachura, M. and Brecht, Benjamin and Avenhaus, M. and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{1050-2947}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  title        = {{{Bright integrated photon-pair source for practical passive decoy-state quantum key distribution}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.89.012329}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{26045,
  author       = {{Aasi, J. and Abadie, J. and Abbott, B. P. and Abbott, R. and Abbott, T. D. and Abernathy, M. R. and Adams, C. and Adams, T. and Addesso, P. and Adhikari, R. X. and Affeldt, C. and Aguiar, O. D. and Ajith, P. and Allen, B. and Amador Ceron, E. and Amariutei, D. and Anderson, S. B. and Anderson, W. G. and Arai, K. and Araya, M. C. and Arceneaux, C. and Ast, S. and Aston, S. M. and Atkinson, D. and Aufmuth, P. and Aulbert, C. and Austin, L. and Aylott, B. E. and Babak, S. and Baker, P. T. and Ballmer, S. and Bao, Y. and Barayoga, J. C. and Barker, D. and Barr, B. and Barsotti, L. and Barton, M. A. and Bartos, I. and Bassiri, R. and Batch, J. and Bauchrowitz, J. and Behnke, B. and Bell, A. S. and Bell, C. and Bergmann, G. and Berliner, J. M. and Bertolini, A. and Betzwieser, J. and Beveridge, N. and Beyersdorf, P. T. and Bhadbhade, T. and Bilenko, I. A. and Billingsley, G. and Birch, J. and Biscans, S. and Black, E. and Blackburn, J. K. and Blackburn, L. and Blair, D. and Bland, B. and Bock, O. and Bodiya, T. P. and Bogan, C. and Bond, C. and Bork, R. and Born, M. and Bose, S. and Bowers, J. and Brady, P. R. and Braginsky, V. B. and Brau, J. E. and Breyer, J. and Bridges, D. O. and Brinkmann, M. and Britzger, M. and Brooks, A. F. and Brown, D. A. and Brown, D. D. and Buckland, K. and Brückner, F. and Buchler, B. C. and Buonanno, A. and Burguet-Castell, J. and Byer, R. L. and Cadonati, L. and Camp, J. B. and Campsie, P. and Cannon, K. and Cao, J. and Capano, C. D. and Carbone, L. and Caride, S. and Castiglia, A. D. and Caudill, S. and Cavaglià, M. and Cepeda, C. and Chalermsongsak, T. and Chao, S. and Charlton, P. and Chen, X. and Chen, Y. and Cho, H-S. and Chow, J. H. and Christensen, N. and Chu, Q. and Chua, S. S. Y and Chung, C. T. Y. and Ciani, G. and Clara, F. and Clark, D. E. and Clark, J. A. and Constancio Junior, M. and Cook, D. and Corbitt, T. R. and Cordier, M. and Cornish, N. and Corsi, A. and Costa, C. A. and Coughlin, M. W. and Countryman, S. and Couvares, P. and Coward, D. M. and Cowart, M. and Coyne, D. C. and Craig, K. and Creighton, J. D. E. and Creighton, T. D. and Cumming, A. and Cunningham, L. and Dahl, K. and Damjanic, M. and Danilishin, S. L. and Danzmann, K. and Daudert, B. and Daveloza, H. and Davies, G. S. and Daw, E. J. and Dayanga, T. and Deleeuw, E. and Denker, T. and Dent, T. and Dergachev, V. and DeRosa, R. and DeSalvo, R. and Dhurandhar, S. and Di Palma, I. and Díaz, M. and Dietz, A. and Donovan, F. and Dooley, K. L. and Doravari, S. and Drasco, S. and Drever, R. W. P. and Driggers, J. C. and Du, Z. and Dumas, J-C. and Dwyer, S. and Eberle, T. and Edwards, M. and Effler, A. and Ehrens, P. and Eikenberry, S. S. and Engel, R. and Essick, R. and Etzel, T. and Evans, K. and Evans, M. and Evans, T. and Factourovich, M. and Fairhurst, S. and Fang, Q. and Farr, B. F. and Farr, W. and Favata, M. and Fazi, D. and Fehrmann, H. and Feldbaum, D. and Finn, L. S. and Fisher, R. P. and Foley, S. and Forsi, E. and Fotopoulos, N. and Frede, M. and Frei, M. A. and Frei, Z. and Freise, A. and Frey, R. and Fricke, T. T. and Friedrich, D. and Fritschel, P. and Frolov, V. V. and Fujimoto, M-K. and Fulda, P. J. and Fyffe, M. and Gair, J. and Garcia, J. and Gehrels, N. and Gelencser, G. and Gergely, L. Á. and Ghosh, S. and Giaime, J. A. and Giampanis, S. and Giardina, K. D. and Gil-Casanova, S. and Gill, C. and Gleason, J. and Goetz, E. and González, G. and Gordon, N. and Gorodetsky, M. L. and Gossan, S. and Goßler, S. and Graef, C. and Graff, P. B. and Grant, A. and Gras, S. and Gray, C. and Greenhalgh, R. J. S. and Gretarsson, A. M. and Griffo, C. and Grote, H. and Grover, K. and Grunewald, S. and Guido, C. and Gustafson, E. K. and Gustafson, R. and Hammer, D. and Hammond, G. and Hanks, J. and Hanna, C. and Hanson, J. and Haris, K. and Harms, J. and Harry, G. M. and Harry, I. W. and Harstad, E. D. and Hartman, M. T. and Haughian, K. and Hayama, K. and Heefner, J. and Heintze, M. C. and Hendry, M. A. and Heng, I. S. and Heptonstall, A. W. and Heurs, M. and Hewitson, M. and Hild, S. and Hoak, D. and Hodge, K. A. and Holt, K. and Holtrop, M. and Hong, T. and Hooper, S. and Hough, J. and Howell, E. J. and Huang, V. and Huerta, E. A. and Hughey, B. and Huttner, S. H. and Huynh, M. and Huynh-Dinh, T. and Ingram, D. R. and Inta, R. and Isogai, T. and Ivanov, A. and Iyer, B. R. and Izumi, K. and Jacobson, M. and James, E. and Jang, H. and Jang, Y. J. and Jesse, E. and Johnson, W. W. and Jones, D. and Jones, D. I. and Jones, R. and Ju, L. and Kalmus, P. and Kalogera, V. and Kandhasamy, S. and Kang, G. and Kanner, J. B. and Kasturi, R. and Katsavounidis, E. and Katzman, W. and Kaufer, H. and Kawabe, K. and Kawamura, S. and Kawazoe, F. and Keitel, D. and Kelley, D. B. and Kells, W. and Keppel, D. G. and Khalaidovski, A. and Khalili, F. Y. and Khazanov, E. A. and Kim, B. K. and Kim, C. and Kim, K. and Kim, N. and Kim, Y-M. and King, P. J. and Kinzel, D. L. and Kissel, J. S. and Klimenko, S. and Kline, J. and Kokeyama, K. and Kondrashov, V. and Koranda, S. and Korth, W. Z. and Kozak, D. and Kozameh, C. and Kremin, A. and Kringel, V. and Krishnan, B. and Kucharczyk, C. and Kuehn, G. and Kumar, P. and Kumar, R. and Kuper, B. J. and Kurdyumov, R. and Kwee, P. and Lam, P. K. and Landry, M. and Lantz, B. and Lasky, P. D. and Lawrie, C. and Lazzarini, A. and Le Roux, A. and Leaci, P. and Lee, C-H. and Lee, H. K. and Lee, H. M. and Lee, J. and Leong, J. R. and Levine, B. and Lhuillier, V. and Lin, A. C. and Litvine, V. and Liu, Y. and Liu, Z. and Lockerbie, N. A. and Lodhia, D. and Loew, K. and Logue, J. and Lombardi, A. L. and Lormand, M. and Lough, J. and Lubinski, M. and Lück, H. and Lundgren, A. P. and Macarthur, J. and Macdonald, E. and Machenschalk, B. and MacInnis, M. and Macleod, D. M. and Magaña-Sandoval, F. and Mageswaran, M. and Mailand, K. and Manca, G. and Mandel, I. and Mandic, V. and Márka, S. and Márka, Z. and Markosyan, A. S. and Maros, E. and Martin, I. W. and Martin, R. M. and Martinov, D. and Marx, J. N. and Mason, K. and Matichard, F. and Matone, L. and Matzner, R. A. and Mavalvala, N. and May, G. and Mazzolo, G. and McAuley, K. and McCarthy, R. and McClelland, D. E. and McGuire, S. C. and McIntyre, G. and McIver, J. and Meadors, G. D. and Mehmet, M. and Meier, T. and Melatos, A. and Mendell, G. and Mercer, R. A. and Meshkov, S. and Messenger, C. and Meyer, M. S. and Miao, H. and Miller, J. and Mingarelli, C. M. F. and Mitra, S. and Mitrofanov, V. P. and Mitselmakher, G. and Mittleman, R. and Moe, B. and Mokler, F. and Mohapatra, S. R. P. and Moraru, D. and Moreno, G. and Mori, T. and Morriss, S. R. and Mossavi, K. and Mow-Lowry, C. M. and Mueller, C. L. and Mueller, G. and Mukherjee, S. and Mullavey, A. and Munch, J. and Murphy, D. and Murray, P. G. and Mytidis, A. and Nanda Kumar, D. and Nash, T. and Nayak, R. and Necula, V. and Newton, G. and Nguyen, T. and Nishida, E. and Nishizawa, A. and Nitz, A. and Nolting, D. and Normandin, M. E. and Nuttall, L. K. and O'Dell, J. and O'Reilly, B. and O'Shaughnessy, R. and Ochsner, E. and Oelker, E. and Ogin, G. H. and Oh, J. J. and Oh, S. H. and Ohme, F. and Oppermann, P. and Osthelder, C. and Ott, C. D. and Ottaway, D. J. and Ottens, R. S. and Ou, J. and Overmier, H. and Owen, B. J. and Padilla, C. and Pai, A. and Pan, Y. and Pankow, C. and Papa, M. A. and Paris, H. and Parkinson, W. and Pedraza, M. and Penn, S. and Peralta, C. and Perreca, A. and Phelps, M. and Pickenpack, M. and Pierro, V. and Pinto, I. M. and Pitkin, M. and Pletsch, H. J. and Pöld, J. and Postiglione, F. and Poux, C. and Predoi, V. and Prestegard, T. and Price, L. R. and Prijatelj, M. and Privitera, S. and Prokhorov, L. G. and Puncken, O. and Quetschke, V. and Quintero, E. and Quitzow-James, R. and Raab, F. J. and Radkins, H. and Raffai, P. and Raja, S. and Rakhmanov, M. and Ramet, C. and Raymond, V. and Reed, C. M. and Reed, T. and Reid, S. and Reitze, D. H. and Riesen, R. and Riles, K. and Roberts, M. and Robertson, N. A. and Robinson, E. L. and Roddy, S. and Rodriguez, C. and Rodriguez, L. and Rodruck, M. and Rollins, J. G. and Romie, J. H. and Röver, C. and Rowan, S. and Rüdiger, A. and Ryan, K. and Salemi, F. and Sammut, L. and Sandberg, V. and Sanders, J. and Sankar, S. and Sannibale, V. and Santamaría, L. and Santiago-Prieto, I. and Santostasi, G. and Sathyaprakash, B. S. and Saulson, P. R. and Savage, R. L. and Schilling, R. and Schnabel, R. and Schofield, R. M. S. and Schuette, D. and Schulz, B. and Schutz, B. F. and Schwinberg, P. and Scott, J. and Scott, S. M. and Seifert, F. and Sellers, D. and Sengupta, A. S. and Sergeev, A. and Shaddock, D. A. and Shahriar, M. S. and Shaltev, M. and Shao, Z. and Shapiro, B. and Shawhan, P. and Shoemaker, D. H. and Sidery, T. L. and Siemens, X. and Sigg, D. and Simakov, D. and Singer, A. and Singer, L. and Sintes, A. M. and Skelton, G. R. and Slagmolen, B. J. J and Slutsky, J. and Smith, J. R. and Smith, M. R. and Smith, R. J. E. and Smith-Lefebvre, N. D. and Son, E. J. and Sorazu, B. and Souradeep, T. and Stefszky, Michael and Steinert, E. and Steinlechner, J. and Steinlechner, S. and Steplewski, S. and Stevens, D. and Stochino, A. and Stone, R. and Strain, K. A. and Strigin, S. E. and Stroeer, A. S. and Stuver, A. L. and Summerscales, T. Z. and Susmithan, S. and Sutton, P. J. and Szeifert, G. and Talukder, D. and Tanner, D. B. and Tarabrin, S. P. and Taylor, R. and Thomas, M. and Thomas, P. and Thorne, K. A. and Thorne, K. S. and Thrane, E. and Tiwari, V. and Tokmakov, K. V. and Tomlinson, C. and Torres, C. V. and Torrie, C. I. and Traylor, G. and Tse, M. and Ugolini, D. and Unnikrishnan, C. S. and Vahlbruch, H. and Vallisneri, M. and van der Sluys, M. V. and van Veggel, A. A. and Vass, S. and Vaulin, R. and Vecchio, A. and Veitch, P. J. and Veitch, J. and Venkateswara, K. and Verma, S. and Vincent-Finley, R. and Vitale, S. and Vo, T. and Vorvick, C. and Vousden, W. D. and Vyatchanin, S. P. and Wade, A. and Wade, L. and Wade, M. and Waldman, S. J. and Wallace, L. and Wan, Y. and Wang, M. and Wang, J. and Wang, X. and Wanner, A. and Ward, R. L. and Was, M. and Weinert, M. and Weinstein, A. J. and Weiss, R. and Welborn, T. and Wen, L. and Wessels, P. and West, M. and Westphal, T. and Wette, K. and Whelan, J. T. and Whitcomb, S. E. and Wiseman, A. G. and White, D. J. and Whiting, B. F. and Wiesner, K. and Wilkinson, C. and Willems, P. A. and Williams, L. and Williams, R. and Williams, T. and Willis, J. L. and Willke, B. and Wimmer, M. and Winkelmann, L. and Winkler, W. and C. Wipf, C. and Wittel, H. and Woan, G. and Wooley, R. and Worden, J. and Yablon, J. and Yakushin, I. and Yamamoto, H. and Yancey, C. C. and Yang, H. and Yeaton-Massey, D. and Yoshida, S. and Yum, H. and Zanolin, M. and Zhang, F. and Zhang, L. and Zhao, C. and Zhu, H. and Zhu, X. J. and Zotov, N. and Zucker, M. E. and Zweizig, J.}},
  issn         = {{1749-4885}},
  journal      = {{Nature Photonics}},
  pages        = {{613--619}},
  title        = {{{Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector by using squeezed states of light}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/nphoton.2013.177}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{26046,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Mow-Lowry, C M and Chua, S S Y and Shaddock, D A and Buchler, B C and Vahlbruch, H and Khalaidovski, A and Schnabel, R and Lam, P K and McClelland, D E}},
  issn         = {{0264-9381}},
  journal      = {{Classical and Quantum Gravity}},
  title        = {{{Balanced homodyne detection of optical quantum states at audio-band frequencies and below}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/0264-9381/29/14/145015}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@article{26047,
  author       = {{Stefszky, Michael and Mow-Lowry, Conor M and McKenzie, Kirk and Chua, Sheon and Buchler, Ben C and Symul, Thomas and McClelland, David E and Lam, Ping Koy}},
  issn         = {{0953-4075}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics}},
  title        = {{{An investigation of doubly-resonant optical parametric oscillators and nonlinear crystals for squeezing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/0953-4075/44/1/015502}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}