@article{45149,
  abstract     = {{<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Exergames are increasingly used in rehabilitation settings for older adults to train physical and cognitive abilities. To meet the potential that exergames hold, they need to be adapted to the individual abilities of the player and their training objectives. Therefore, it is important to know whether and how game characteristics affect their playing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two different kinds of exergame (step game and balance game) played at two difficulty levels on brain activity and physical activity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-eight older independently living adults played two different exergames at two difficulty levels each. In addition, the same movements as during gaming (leaning sideways with feet in place and stepping sideways) were performed as reference movements. Brain activity was recorded using a 64-channel EEG system to assess brain activity, while physical activity was recorded using an accelerometer at the lower back and a heart rate sensor. Source-space analysis was applied to analyze the power spectral density in theta (4 Hz–7 Hz) and alpha-2 (10 Hz–12 Hz) frequency bands. Vector magnitude was applied to the acceleration data.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Friedman ANOVA revealed significantly higher theta power for the exergaming conditions compared to the reference movement for both games. Alpha-2 power showed a more diverse pattern which might be attributed to task-specific conditions. Acceleration decreased significantly from the reference movement to the easy condition to the hard condition for both games.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that exergaming increases frontal theta activity irrespective of type of game or difficulty level, while physical activity decreases with increasing difficulty level. Heart rate was found to be an inappropriate measure in this population older adults. These findings contribute to understanding of how game characteristics affect physical and cognitive activity and consequently need to be taken into account when choosing appropriate games and game settings for exergame interventions.</jats:p></jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Müller, Helen Martha and Baumeister, Jochen and Bardal, Ellen Marie and Vereijken, Beatrix and Skjæret-Maroni, Nina}},
  issn         = {{1663-4365}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{Cognitive Neuroscience, Aging}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Exergaming in older adults: the effects of game characteristics on brain activity and physical activity}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fnagi.2023.1143859}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{43061,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical activity changes during exercise with increasing cognitive demands in preadolescent children. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Method</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> Twenty healthy children (8.75 [0.91] y) performed one movement game, which was conducted with lower and higher cognitive demands. During a baseline measurement and both exercise conditions, cortical activity was recorded using a 64-channel electroencephalographic system, and heart rate was assessed. Ratings of perceived excertion and perceived cognitive engagement were examined after each condition. To analyze power spectral density in the theta, alpha-1, and alpha-2 frequency bands, an adaptive mixture independent component analysis was used to determine the spatiotemporal sources of cortical activity, and brain components were clustered to identify spatial clusters. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed significant main effects for condition on theta in the prefrontal cluster, on alpha-1 in the prefrontal, central, bilateral motor, bilateral parieto-occipital, and occipital clusters, and on alpha-2 in the left motor, central, and left parieto-occipital clusters. Compared with the lower cognitive demand exercise, cortical activity was significantly higher in theta power in the prefrontal cluster and in alpha-1 power in the occipital cluster during the higher cognitive demand exercise. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> The present study shows that exercise complexity seems to influence cortical processing as it increased with increasing cognitive demands.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Becker, Linda and Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Kehne, Miriam and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0899-8493}},
  journal      = {{Pediatric Exercise Science}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health}},
  pages        = {{1--11}},
  publisher    = {{Human Kinetics}},
  title        = {{{Mobile Electroencephalography Reveals Differences in Cortical Processing During Exercises With Lower and Higher Cognitive Demands in Preadolescent Children}}},
  doi          = {{10.1123/pes.2021-0212}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{58871,
  author       = {{Pohle, Carina and Paschen, Linda and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0966-6362}},
  journal      = {{Gait &amp; Posture}},
  pages        = {{72--82}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Alterations of postural control across the menstrual cycle – A systematic review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.010}},
  volume       = {{107}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{48614,
  author       = {{Pohle, Carina and Paschen, Linda and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0966-6362}},
  journal      = {{Gait &amp; Posture}},
  keywords     = {{Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Biophysics}},
  pages        = {{72--82}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Alterations of postural control across the menstrual cycle – A systematic review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.010}},
  volume       = {{107}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{45824,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>As cognitive function is critical for muscle coordination, cognitive training may also improve neuromuscular control strategy and knee function following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the effects of cognitive training on joint stiffness regulation in response to negative visual stimuli and knee function following ACLR. A total of 20 ACLR patients and 20 healthy controls received four weeks of online cognitive training. Executive function, joint stiffness in response to emotionally evocative visual stimuli (neutral, fearful, knee injury related), and knee function outcomes before and after the intervention were compared. Both groups improved executive function following the intervention (p = 0.005). The ACLR group had greater mid-range stiffness in response to fearful (p = 0.024) and injury-related pictures (p = 0.017) than neutral contents before the intervention, while no post-intervention stiffness differences were observed among picture types. The ACLR group showed better single-legged hop for distance after cognitive training (p = 0.047), while the healthy group demonstrated no improvement. Cognitive training enhanced executive function, which may reduce joint stiffness dysregulation in response to emotionally arousing images and improve knee function in ACLR patients, presumably by facilitating neural processing necessary for neuromuscular control.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{An, Yong Woo and Kim, Kyung-Min and DiTrani Lobacz, Andrea and Baumeister, Jochen and Higginson, Jill S. and Rosen, Jeffrey and Swanik, Charles Buz}},
  issn         = {{2227-9032}},
  journal      = {{Healthcare}},
  keywords     = {{Health Information Management, Health Informatics, Health Policy, Leadership and Management}},
  number       = {{13}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Cognitive Training Improves Joint Stiffness Regulation and Function in ACLR Patients Compared to Healthy Controls}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/healthcare11131875}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{32087,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Agility, a key component of team ball sports, describes an athlete´s ability to move fast in response to changing environments. While agility requires basic cognitive functions like processing speed, it also requires more complex cognitive processes like working memory and inhibition. Yet, most agility tests restrict an assessment of cognitive processes to simple reactive times that lack ecological validity. Our aim in this study was to assess agility performance by means of total time on two agility tests with matched motor demands but with both low and high cognitive demands. We tested 22 female team athletes on SpeedCourt, using a simple agility test (SAT) that measured only processing speed and a complex agility test (CAT) that required working memory and inhibition. We found excellent to good reliability for both our SAT (ICC = .79) and CAT (ICC =.70). Lower agility performance on the CAT was associated with increased agility total time and split times ( p &lt; .05). These results demonstrated that agility performance depends on the complexity of cognitive demands. There may be interference-effects between motor and cognitive performances, reducing speed when environmental information becomes more complex. Future studies should consider agility training models that implement complex cognitive stimuli to challenge athletes according to competitive demands. This will also allow scientists and practitioners to tailor tests to talent identification, performance development and injury rehabilitation. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Büchel, Daniel and Gokeler, Alli and Heuvelmans, Pieter and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0031-5125}},
  journal      = {{Perceptual and Motor Skills}},
  keywords     = {{Sensory Systems, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{Increased Cognitive Demands Affect Agility Performance in Female Athletes - Implications for Testing and Training of Agility in Team Ball Sports}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/00315125221108698}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34022,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Background: Medical professionals working in an elite sport environment have the challenging task to balance the athlete’s readiness to return to the playing field after severe injury with other stakeholders’ (coaches, sponsors, teammates) opinions and objectives.Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate differences in the physical profiles of elite rugby players at return to play (RTP) after a severe knee injury, compared with their pre-injury profiles and matched controls.Method: Before the injury, participants performed four performance tests during their preseason screening. These tests were repeated and compared to baseline once a player was declared fit to play.Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the injured players’ group who were slower over 10 m speed, in their decision-making time and the total time of the reactive agility tests at RTP, whilst controls were significantly faster over 10 m and 30 m speed tests. The countermovement jump outcomes showed significant improvement in the uninjured participants (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Our study highlights that injured players’ running speeds and decision-making times are slower after injury. The uninjured players have a positive outcome to training and match stimulus by improving their running speed and lower body explosive power during the season.Clinical implications: Our study provides insight into the RTP profile of elite rugby players, and a novel finding was the decision-making time deficit. This highlights the importance of cognitive training during injury rehabilitation as athletes make numerous decisions in a pressured and uncontrolled environment during a match. Speed training development is recommended as the athletes were slower after severe knee injury.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Robyn, Aneurin D. and Louw, Quinette A. and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{2410-8219}},
  journal      = {{South African Journal of Physiotherapy}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{AOSIS}},
  title        = {{{Return to play in elite rugby players after severe knee injuries}}},
  doi          = {{10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1629}},
  volume       = {{78}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34021,
  author       = {{Robyn, A.D. and Louw, Q.A. and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{2411-6939}},
  journal      = {{African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES)}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{185--202}},
  publisher    = {{African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology}},
  title        = {{{Psychological readiness of elite rugby players at return to play after severe knee injury}}},
  doi          = {{10.37597/ajphes.2022.28.3.1}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32361,
  author       = {{Scharfen, Hans-Erik and Lehmann, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Cortical responses to sport-specific stimuli in a standing stop signal task}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102250}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29182,
  author       = {{Chang, M. and Büchel, Daniel and Reinecke, K. and Lehmann, T. and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Ecological Validity in Exercise Neuroscience Research: A Systematic Investigation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15595}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35539,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1530-0315}},
  journal      = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
  number       = {{9S}},
  pages        = {{565--565}},
  publisher    = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
  title        = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
  doi          = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31112,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Coordinative challenging exercises in changing environments referred to as open-skill exercises seem to be beneficial on cognitive function. Although electroencephalographic research allows to investigate changes in cortical processing during movement, information about cortical dynamics during open-skill exercise is lacking. Therefore, the present study examines frontal brain activation during table tennis as an open-skill exercise compared to cycling exercise and a cognitive task. 21 healthy young adults conducted three blocks of table tennis, cycling and n-back task. Throughout the experiment, cortical activity was measured using 64-channel EEG system connected to a wireless amplifier. Cortical activity was analyzed calculating theta power (4–7.5 Hz) in frontocentral clusters revealed from independent component analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify within subject differences between conditions (table tennis, cycling, n-back; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). ANOVA revealed main-effects of condition on theta power in frontal (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.35) and frontocentral (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.39) brain areas. Post-hoc tests revealed increased theta power in table tennis compared to cycling in frontal brain areas (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.42). In frontocentral brain areas, theta power was significant higher in table tennis compared to cycling (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.03) and table tennis compared to the cognitive task (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.06). Increases in theta power during continuous table tennis may reflect the increased demands in perception and processing of environmental stimuli during open-skill exercise. This study provides important insights that support the beneficial effect of open-skill exercise on brain function and suggest that using open-skill exercise may serve as an intervention to induce activation of the frontal cortex.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Visser, Anton and Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Continuous table tennis is associated with processing in frontal brain areas: an EEG approach}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-022-06366-y}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35624,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1530-0315}},
  journal      = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
  number       = {{9S}},
  pages        = {{565--565}},
  publisher    = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
  title        = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
  doi          = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{36936,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  location     = {{La Jolla}},
  title        = {{{Effects of surface instability on cortical information processing during multi- joint compound movements: an exploratory EEG study}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{38060,
  author       = {{Müller, Helen Martha and Skjæret-Maroni, Nina and Vereijken, Beatrix and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  location     = {{Montreal}},
  title        = {{{Performance and Brain Activity in Older Adults while Playing Leaning and Stepping Exergames}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{35627,
  author       = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  booktitle    = {{Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise}},
  issn         = {{1530-0315}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
  number       = {{9S}},
  pages        = {{262--262}},
  publisher    = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
  title        = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}},
  doi          = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35625,
  author       = {{Chang, Melissa and Büchel, Daniel and Reinecke, Kirsten and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{487--509}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Ecological validity in exercise neuroscience research: A systematic investigation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15595}},
  volume       = {{55}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{45147,
  author       = {{Robyn, Aneurin Dean and Berner, Karina and Baumeister, Jochen and Louw, Quinette}},
  issn         = {{2411-6939}},
  journal      = {{African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES)}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{501--515}},
  publisher    = {{African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology}},
  title        = {{{Anthropometric and physical performance profiles of elite junior rugby union players in the Western Cape, South Africa}}},
  doi          = {{10.37597/ajphes.2021.27.4.7}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{35537,
  author       = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  booktitle    = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}},
  issn         = {{1530-0315}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
  number       = {{9S}},
  pages        = {{262--262}},
  publisher    = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
  title        = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}},
  doi          = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{26012,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>
                <jats:p>Exhaustive cardiovascular load can affect neural processing and is associated with decreases in sensorimotor performance. The purpose of this study was to explore intensity-dependent modulations in brain network efficiency in response to treadmill running assessed from resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) measures.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
                <jats:p>Sixteen trained participants were tested for individual peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2 peak</jats:sub>) and performed an incremental treadmill exercise at 50% (10 min), 70% (10 min) and 90% speed VO<jats:sub>2 peak</jats:sub> (all-out) followed by cool-down running and active recovery. Before the experiment and after each stage, borg scale (BS), blood lactate concentration (B<jats:sub>La</jats:sub>), resting heartrate (HR<jats:sub>rest</jats:sub>) and 64-channel EEG resting state were assessed. To analyze network efficiency, graph theory was applied to derive small world index (SWI) from EEG data in theta, alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency bands.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Results</jats:title>
                <jats:p>Analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed significant main effects for intensity on BS, B<jats:sub>La</jats:sub>, HR<jats:sub>rest</jats:sub> and SWI. While BS, B<jats:sub>La</jats:sub> and HR<jats:sub>rest</jats:sub> indicated maxima after all-out, SWI showed a reduction in the theta network after all-out.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
                <jats:p>Our explorative approach suggests intensity-dependent modulations of resting-state brain networks, since exhaustive exercise temporarily reduces brain network efficiency. Resting-state network assessment may prospectively play a role in training monitoring by displaying the readiness and efficiency of the central nervous system in different training situations.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Büchel, Daniel and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1439-6319}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}},
  pages        = {{2423--2435}},
  title        = {{{Exploring intensity-dependent modulations in EEG resting-state network efficiency induced by exercise}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00421-021-04712-6}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}