@article{50840,
abstract = {{Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely used to study the discrete nature of quantum states of light in the form of photon-counting experiments. We show that SNSPDs can also be used to study continuous variables of optical quantum states by performing homodyne detection at a bandwidth of 400 kHz. By measuring the interference of a continuous-wave field of a local oscillator with the field of the vacuum state using two SNSPDs, we show that the variance of the difference in count rates is linearly proportional to the photon flux of the local oscillator over almost five orders of magnitude. The resulting shot-noise clearance of (46.0 ± 1.1) dB is the highest reported clearance for a balanced optical homodyne detector, demonstrating their potential for measuring highly squeezed states in the continuous-wave regime. In addition, we measured a CMRR = 22.4 dB. From the joint click counting statistics, we also measure the phase-dependent quadrature of a weak coherent state to demonstrate our device’s functionality as a homodyne detector.}},
author = {{Protte, Maximilian and Schapeler, Timon and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{2837-6714}},
journal = {{Optica Quantum}},
number = {{1}},
publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
title = {{{Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}}},
doi = {{10.1364/opticaq.502201}},
volume = {{2}},
year = {{2024}},
}
@article{48399,
abstract = {{Quantum photonic processing via electro-optic components typically requires electronic links across different operation environments, especially when interfacing cryogenic components such as superconducting single photon detectors with room-temperature control and readout electronics. However, readout and driving electronics can introduce detrimental parasitic effects. Here we show an all-optical control and readout of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD), completely electrically decoupled from room temperature electronics. We provide the operation power for the superconducting detector via a cryogenic photodiode, and readout single photon detection signals via a cryogenic electro-optic modulator in the same cryostat. This method opens the possibility for control and readout of superconducting circuits, and feedforward for photonic quantum computing.}},
author = {{Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and McCaughan, Adam N. and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Quiring, Victor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{1094-4087}},
journal = {{Optics Express}},
keywords = {{Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
number = {{20}},
publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
title = {{{All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface}}},
doi = {{10.1364/oe.492035}},
volume = {{31}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@article{44044,
abstract = {{Dispersion is present in every optical setup and is often an undesired effect, especially in nonlinear-optical experiments where ultrashort laser pulses are needed. Typically, bulky pulse compressors consisting of gratings or prisms are used
to address this issue by precompensating the dispersion of the optical components. However, these devices are only able to compensate for a part of the dispersion (second-order dispersion). Here, we present a compact pulse-shaping device that uses plasmonic metasurfaces to apply an arbitrarily designed spectral phase delay allowing for a full dispersion control. Furthermore, with specific phase encodings, this device can be used to temporally reshape the incident laser pulses into more complex pulse forms such as a double pulse. We verify the performance of our device by using an SHG-FROG measurement setup together with a retrieval algorithm to extract the dispersion that our device applies to an incident laser pulse.}},
author = {{Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Lei, Shiwei and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}},
issn = {{1530-6984}},
journal = {{Nano Letters}},
keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, Bioengineering}},
number = {{8}},
pages = {{3196 -- 3201}},
publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
title = {{{Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device}}},
doi = {{10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980}},
volume = {{23}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@inproceedings{46485,
abstract = {{We present a miniaturized pulse shaping device that creates an arbitrary dispersion through the interaction of multiple metasurfaces on less than 2 mm3 volume. For this, a metalens and a grating-metasurface between two silver mirrors are fabricated. The grating contains further phase information to achieve the device's pulse shaping functionality.}},
author = {{Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}},
booktitle = {{CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023}},
location = {{San Jose, USA}},
publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
title = {{{Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces}}},
doi = {{10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@article{46468,
author = {{Lange, Nina Amelie and Schapeler, Timon and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{2469-9926}},
journal = {{Physical Review A}},
number = {{2}},
publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
title = {{{Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source}}},
doi = {{10.1103/physreva.108.023701}},
volume = {{108}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@article{33671,
abstract = {{Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths ranging from 0.59 µm to 1.43 µm under illumination at 1550 nm. We demonstrate both straight wires, as well as meandered structures. Single-photon sensitivity is shown in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 µm.}},
author = {{Protte, Maximilian and Verma, Varun B and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Mirin, Richard P and Woo Nam, Sae and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{0953-2048}},
journal = {{Superconductor Science and Technology}},
keywords = {{Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Condensed Matter Physics, Ceramics and Composites}},
number = {{5}},
publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
title = {{{Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}}},
doi = {{10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338}},
volume = {{35}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{33672,
abstract = {{Abstract
Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform, we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage
V
π
/
2
of these modulators increases, due to the decrease in the electro-optic effect, by 74% for the phase modulator, 84% for the directional coupler and 35% for the polarisation converter below 8.5
K
. The phase modulator preserves its broadband nature and modulates light in the characterised wavelength range. The unbiased bar state of the directional coupler changed by a wavelength shift of 85
n
m
while cooling the device down to 5
K
. The polarisation converter uses periodic poling to phasematch the two orthogonal polarisations. The phasematched wavelength of the utilised poling changes by 112
n
m
when cooling to 5
K
.}},
author = {{Thiele, Frederik and vom Bruch, Felix and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Hummel, Thomas and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{2515-7647}},
journal = {{Journal of Physics: Photonics}},
keywords = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
number = {{3}},
publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
title = {{{Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
doi = {{10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63}},
volume = {{4}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{33673,
abstract = {{ Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have become an integral part of quantum optics in recent years because of their high performance in single photon detection. We present a method to replace the electrical input by supplying the required bias current via the photocurrent of a photodiode situated on the cold stage of the cryostat. Light is guided to the bias photodiode through an optical fiber, which enables a lower thermal conduction and galvanic isolation between room temperature and the cold stage. We show that an off-the-shelf InGaAs–InP photodiode exhibits a responsivity of at least 0.55 A/W at 0.8 K. Using this device to bias an SNSPD, we characterize the count rate dependent on the optical power incident on the photodiode. This configuration of the SNSPD and photodiode shows an expected plateau in the single photon count rate with an optical bias power on the photodiode above 6.8 µW. Furthermore, we compare the same detector under both optical and electrical bias, and show there is no significant changes in performance. This has the advantage of avoiding an electrical input cable, which reduces the latent heat load by a factor of 100 and, in principle, allows for low loss RF current supply at the cold stage. }},
author = {{Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{2378-0967}},
journal = {{APL Photonics}},
keywords = {{Computer Networks and Communications, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
number = {{8}},
publisher = {{AIP Publishing}},
title = {{{Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode}}},
doi = {{10.1063/5.0097506}},
volume = {{7}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@inproceedings{43744,
abstract = {{We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally complex correlations in the photon numbers of two-mode quantum states using measurement-induced nonlinearity. For this, we combine the interference of coherent states and single photons with photon sub-traction.}},
author = {{Meier, Torsten and Hoepker, Jan Philipp and Protte, Maximilian and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}},
booktitle = {{Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Applications and Technology}},
isbn = {{978-1-957171-05-0}},
location = {{San Jose, California United States}},
pages = {{JTu3A. 17}},
publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
title = {{{Two-Mode Photon-Number Correlations Created by Measurement-Induced Nonlinearity}}},
doi = {{10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.JTu3A.17}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{23728,
abstract = {{We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently coupled photons of 1550 nm wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore, we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices.}},
author = {{Höpker, Jan Philipp and Verma, Varun B and Protte, Maximilian and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn, Christine and Mirin, Richard P and Woo Nam, Sae and Bartley, Tim}},
issn = {{2515-7647}},
journal = {{Journal of Physics: Photonics}},
pages = {{034022}},
title = {{{Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
doi = {{10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b}},
volume = {{3}},
year = {{2021}},
}
@inproceedings{21719,
abstract = {{We fabricate silicon tapers to increase the mode overlap of superconducting detectors on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. Mode images show a reduction in mode size from 6 µm to 2 µm FWHM, agreeing with beam propagation simulations.}},
author = {{Protte, Maximilian and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Albert, Maximilian and Quiring, Viktor and Meier, Cedrik and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
booktitle = {{OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference}},
isbn = {{9781943580811}},
keywords = {{tet_topic_waveguide}},
title = {{{Towards Semiconductor-Superconductor-Crystal Hybrid Integration for Quantum Photonics}}},
doi = {{10.1364/quantum.2020.qth7a.8}},
year = {{2020}},
}