[{"_id":"26138","user_id":"70093","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Aerosol Science","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this work, a new model for the simulation of nanostructured aggregates by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth is presented. Coagulation is treated as cluster–cluster agglomeration along the line connecting the center of mass of both agglomerates and is implemented using a Monte Carlo algorithm. Sintering is modeled as successive overlapping of spheres which cause reduction in the surface area based on a rate law for surface reduction. Surface growth is modeled as an increase in primary particle diameter, e.g. as a result of surface reactions. The evolved aggregates are analyzed by calculating their fractal dimension, radius of gyration, mobility diameter and mobility shape factor. It is found that the aggregates structure tends to be more compact when introducing the surface growth in shorter time comparing to the coagulation-sintering step only. Fractal dimension and the mobility shape factor of the resulting aggregates are correlated to an effective dimensionless time that combines the characteristic times of these three fundamental mechanisms. It is shown that the mobility diameter in the free molecular regime is not proportional to the radius of gyration. A power law relation that correlates the aggregates projected area and the equivalent number of primary particles is found to be in a very good agreement with estimates published in literature."}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:16Z","date_created":"2021-10-13T15:17:17Z","author":[{"last_name":"Al Zaitone","full_name":"Al Zaitone, Belal","first_name":"Belal"},{"last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"Wolfgang"}],"volume":40,"title":"Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-8502"]},"issue":"11","year":"2009","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Al Zaitone_Schmid_Peukert_2009, title={Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth}, volume={40}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Al Zaitone, Belal and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2009}, pages={950–964} }","mla":"Al Zaitone, Belal, et al. “Simulation of Structure and Mobility of Aggregates Formed by Simultaneous Coagulation, Sintering and Surface Growth.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 40, no. 11, 2009, pp. 950–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>.","short":"B. Al Zaitone, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 40 (2009) 950–964.","apa":"Al Zaitone, B., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2009). Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, <i>40</i>(11), 950–964. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>","ama":"Al Zaitone B, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>. 2009;40(11):950-964. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>","ieee":"B. Al Zaitone, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth,” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 950–964, 2009, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>.","chicago":"Al Zaitone, Belal, Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Simulation of Structure and Mobility of Aggregates Formed by Simultaneous Coagulation, Sintering and Surface Growth.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i> 40, no. 11 (2009): 950–64. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007</a>."},"intvolume":"        40","page":"950-964"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The study presents first experimental results of the transfer of magnetite nanoparticles from an aqueous to a second non-miscible non-aqueous liquid phase. The transfer is based on the adsorption of macromolecular surfactants onto the particle surface at the liquid–liquid interface. For a successful direct phase transfer, it is essential to have cations, like ammonium ions, present in the aqueous phase as well as a threshold concentration of surfactant in the organic liquid phase. While penetrating the liquid–liquid interface, the particles are covered with the surfactant and therefore a partial de-agglomeration is initiated. Based on literature and experimental data a mechanism of surfactant adsorption is proposed. The competing adsorption of the surfactant molecules at the liquid–liquid interface leads to the formation of emulsions and therefore to a hindrance for particles passing the interface. Nevertheless a high efficiency of 100% yield can be reached using optimized process parameters for the phase transfer process."}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26139","citation":{"apa":"Machunsky, S., Grimm, P., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peuker, U. A. (2009). Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles. <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i>, <i>348</i>(1–3), 186–190. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>","bibtex":"@article{Machunsky_Grimm_Schmid_Peuker_2009, title={Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles}, volume={348}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>}, number={1–3}, journal={Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects}, author={Machunsky, Stefanie and Grimm, Philipp and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peuker, Urs A.}, year={2009}, pages={186–190} }","mla":"Machunsky, Stefanie, et al. “Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles.” <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i>, vol. 348, no. 1–3, 2009, pp. 186–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>.","short":"S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, U.A. Peuker, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 348 (2009) 186–190.","ieee":"S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, and U. A. Peuker, “Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles,” <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i>, vol. 348, no. 1–3, pp. 186–190, 2009, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>.","chicago":"Machunsky, Stefanie, Philipp Grimm, Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Urs A. Peuker. “Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles.” <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i> 348, no. 1–3 (2009): 186–90. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>.","ama":"Machunsky S, Grimm P, Schmid H-J, Peuker UA. Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles. <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i>. 2009;348(1-3):186-190. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014\">10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014</a>"},"intvolume":"       348","page":"186-190","year":"2009","issue":"1-3","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0927-7757"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014","title":"Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles","date_created":"2021-10-13T15:21:05Z","author":[{"last_name":"Machunsky","full_name":"Machunsky, Stefanie","first_name":"Stefanie"},{"full_name":"Grimm, Philipp","last_name":"Grimm","first_name":"Philipp"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"last_name":"Peuker","full_name":"Peuker, Urs A.","first_name":"Urs A."}],"volume":348,"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:16Z"},{"publication":"Physical Review E","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The viscous-flow sintering of different agglomerate particle morphologies is studied by three-dimensional computer simulations based on the concept of fractional volume of fluid. For a fundamental understanding of particle sintering characteristics, the neck growth kinetics in agglomerate chains and in doublets consisting of differently sized primary particles is investigated. Results show that different sintering contacts in agglomerates even during the first stages are not completely independent from each other, even though differences are small. The neck growth kinetics of differently sized primary particles is determined by the smaller one up to a size difference by a factor of approximately 2, whereas for larger size differences, the kinetics becomes faster. In particular, the agglomerate sintering kinetics is investigated for particle chains of different lengths and for different particle morphologies each having ten primary particles and nine initial sintering contacts. For agglomerate chains, the kinetics approximately can be normalized by using the radius of the fully coalesced sphere. In general, different agglomerate morphologies show equal kinetics during the first sintering stages, whereas during advanced stages, compact morphologies show significantly faster sintering progress than more open morphologies. Hence, the overall kinetics cannot be described by simply using constant morphology correction factors such as fractal dimension or mean coordination number which are used in common sintering models. However, for the first stages of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering, which are the most important for many particle processes, a sintering equation is presented. Although we use agglomerates consisting of spherical primary particles, our methodology can be applied to other aggregate geometries as well."}],"status":"public","_id":"26140","user_id":"70093","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1539-3755","1550-2376"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"2","year":"2009","intvolume":"        80","page":"026319 ","citation":{"apa":"Kirchhof, M. J., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2009). Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering. <i>Physical Review E</i>, <i>80</i>(2), 026319. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kirchhof_Schmid_Peukert_2009, title={Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering}, volume={80}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>}, number={2}, journal={Physical Review E}, author={Kirchhof, M. J. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2009}, pages={026319} }","mla":"Kirchhof, M. J., et al. “Three-Dimensional Simulation of Viscous-Flow Agglomerate Sintering.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 80, no. 2, 2009, p. 026319, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>.","short":"M.J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Physical Review E 80 (2009) 026319.","ieee":"M. J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 80, no. 2, p. 026319, 2009, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>.","chicago":"Kirchhof, M. J., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Three-Dimensional Simulation of Viscous-Flow Agglomerate Sintering.” <i>Physical Review E</i> 80, no. 2 (2009): 026319. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>.","ama":"Kirchhof MJ, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 2009;80(2):026319. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319\">10.1103/physreve.80.026319</a>"},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:16Z","volume":80,"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:23:14Z","author":[{"first_name":"M. J.","full_name":"Kirchhof, M. J.","last_name":"Kirchhof"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"W.","full_name":"Peukert, W.","last_name":"Peukert"}],"title":"Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering","doi":"10.1103/physreve.80.026319"},{"title":"A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:16Z","volume":186,"author":[{"full_name":"Horn, M.","last_name":"Horn","first_name":"M."},{"id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:37:04Z","year":"2008","intvolume":"       186","page":"189-198","citation":{"apa":"Horn, M., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2008). A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>186</i>(3), 189–198. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>","bibtex":"@article{Horn_Schmid_2008, title={A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers}, volume={186}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>}, number={3}, journal={Powder Technology}, author={Horn, M. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2008}, pages={189–198} }","short":"M. Horn, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 186 (2008) 189–198.","mla":"Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling Lagrangian Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 186, no. 3, 2008, pp. 189–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.","ieee":"M. Horn and H.-J. Schmid, “A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 186, no. 3, pp. 189–198, 2008, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.","chicago":"Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling Lagrangian Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 186, no. 3 (2008): 189–98. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.","ama":"Horn M, Schmid H-J. A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2008;186(3):189-198. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048\">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0032-5910"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"26142","user_id":"70093","abstract":[{"text":"Modeling of particle deposition on adjacent walls is a key issue in various applications like separation or transport processes. The present paper focuses on the modeling of turbophoretic deposition of particles in the micron size range. The first step is to evaluate the important range where turbophoresis plays an important role in comparison to other mechanisms e.g. gravity or electrostatic separation. The disadvantages of commonly used models will be analyzed and overcome by implementing a more sophisticated approach considering damping of turbulent fluctuations in the wall-boundary layer. In contrast to previous work, commonly used turbulence models are applied to solve the mean flow field of the examples under consideration. The results will show a good prediction of particle deposition in comparison to experimental values [B.Y.H. Liu, J.K. Agarwal, Experimental observation of aerosol deposition in turbulent flow, Aerosol. Sci. 5 (1974) 145–155.] by using the advanced model.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Powder Technology","type":"journal_article"},{"publication":"Applied Physics B","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy is a recently developed technique for the investigation of surface properties of particles. To apply the method to technical colloidal systems, the dependences of several experimental parameters on the signal have to be studied. In this work the influence of particle concentration on the SHG signal from the surfaces of colloids (polystyrene beads in a size range of 0.1 μm to 2.9 μm) is investigated. A simple model, based on Lambert–Beer’s law, to describe the measured dependences is derived. The model agrees with the experimental observations for particles smaller 1.1 μm and with a small modification also for larger particles. Based on the new model an analytical equation for determining the optimum concentration, where highest signals in colloidal SHG spectroscopy measurements are obtained, is derived. "}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26147","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0946-2171","1432-0649"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        87","page":"333-339","citation":{"chicago":"Schneider, L., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Influence of Particle Size and Concentration on the Second-Harmonic Signal Generated at Colloidal Surfaces.” <i>Applied Physics B</i> 87 (2007): 333–39. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>.","ieee":"L. Schneider, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces,” <i>Applied Physics B</i>, vol. 87, pp. 333–339, 2007, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>.","ama":"Schneider L, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces. <i>Applied Physics B</i>. 2007;87:333-339. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>","apa":"Schneider, L., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2007). Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces. <i>Applied Physics B</i>, <i>87</i>, 333–339. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>","mla":"Schneider, L., et al. “Influence of Particle Size and Concentration on the Second-Harmonic Signal Generated at Colloidal Surfaces.” <i>Applied Physics B</i>, vol. 87, 2007, pp. 333–39, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schneider_Schmid_Peukert_2007, title={Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces}, volume={87}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7\">10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7</a>}, journal={Applied Physics B}, author={Schneider, L. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2007}, pages={333–339} }","short":"L. Schneider, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Applied Physics B 87 (2007) 333–339."},"year":"2007","volume":87,"author":[{"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Schneider","full_name":"Schneider, L."},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"full_name":"Peukert, W.","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"W."}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:52:28Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7","title":"Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces"},{"year":"2007","citation":{"apa":"Schmid, H.-J. (2007). Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter. <i>Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control</i>, <i>67</i>(4).","mla":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter.” <i>Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control</i>, vol. 67, no. 4, 2007.","short":"H.-J. Schmid, Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control 67 (2007).","bibtex":"@article{Schmid_2007, title={Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter}, volume={67}, number={4}, journal={Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2007} }","ieee":"H.-J. Schmid, “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter,” <i>Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control</i>, vol. 67, no. 4, 2007.","chicago":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter.” <i>Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control</i> 67, no. 4 (2007).","ama":"Schmid H-J. Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter. <i>Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft Air Quality Control</i>. 2007;67(4)."},"intvolume":"        67","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0949-8036"]},"issue":"4","title":"Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter","date_updated":"2022-02-14T11:39:18Z","date_created":"2022-02-14T11:39:12Z","author":[{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464"}],"volume":67,"abstract":[{"text":"Die Entwicklung neuer Konfigurationen zur Rußabscheidung in Elektrofiltern im Hinblick auf Kfz-Applikationen bedingt die Notwendigkeit, diese auch mithilfe von Simulationen bewerten zu können. Der Beitrag stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur Simulation des Abscheideprozesses für einen Temperaturbereich bis 400 Grad C vor. Entscheidend ist die Möglichkeit, das raumladungsbehaftete elektrische Feld für alle Betriebszustände zu simulieren. Für den Transport der Raumladungen wird ein Ansatz aus der Mehrphasenströmungssimulation verwendet. Die Abscheidung der Partikeln wird mithilfe eines Lagrangeschen Ansatzes modelliert, der die zeitabhängige Aufladung unter lokalen elektrischen Bedingungen berücksichtigt. Die Simulation des Gesamtprozesses wird mit experimentellen Untersuchungen anhand eines Laborabscheiders verifiziert. Simulation und Experiment stimmen gut überein. Insbesondere der dominierende Einfluss durch die Bereiche in der Nähe der Platten konnte gut abgebildet werden. Das Gleiche gilt für die parabolische Form der Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die gezeigten Methoden auf die Rußabscheidung zu übertragen. Die Problematik liegt in der Charakterisierung der Rußeigenschaften in Abhängigkeit von der Rußentstehung. Auch die Randbedingungen der Methoden zur elektrischen Charakterisierung können zurzeit noch nicht auf allgemeine Fälle übertragen werden. ","lang":"ger"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"extern":"1","_id":"29827","user_id":"3959","department":[{"_id":"150"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9797"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","year":"2006","intvolume":"       301","page":"155-167","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Binder_Feichtinger_Schmid_Thürey_Peukert_Rüde_2006, title={Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles}, volume={301}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Colloid and Interface Science}, author={Binder, Christian and Feichtinger, Christian and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Thürey, Nils and Peukert, Wolfgang and Rüde, Ulrich}, year={2006}, pages={155–167} }","mla":"Binder, Christian, et al. “Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Drag of Aggregated Particles.” <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i>, vol. 301, no. 1, 2006, pp. 155–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>.","short":"C. Binder, C. Feichtinger, H.-J. Schmid, N. Thürey, W. Peukert, U. Rüde, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 301 (2006) 155–167.","apa":"Binder, C., Feichtinger, C., Schmid, H.-J., Thürey, N., Peukert, W., &#38; Rüde, U. (2006). Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles. <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i>, <i>301</i>(1), 155–167. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>","chicago":"Binder, Christian, Christian Feichtinger, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Nils Thürey, Wolfgang Peukert, and Ulrich Rüde. “Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Drag of Aggregated Particles.” <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i> 301, no. 1 (2006): 155–67. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>.","ieee":"C. Binder, C. Feichtinger, H.-J. Schmid, N. Thürey, W. Peukert, and U. Rüde, “Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles,” <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i>, vol. 301, no. 1, pp. 155–167, 2006, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>.","ama":"Binder C, Feichtinger C, Schmid H-J, Thürey N, Peukert W, Rüde U. Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles. <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i>. 2006;301(1):155-167. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045\">10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045</a>"},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","volume":301,"author":[{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Binder, Christian","last_name":"Binder"},{"last_name":"Feichtinger","full_name":"Feichtinger, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"last_name":"Thürey","full_name":"Thürey, Nils","first_name":"Nils"},{"full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"last_name":"Rüde","full_name":"Rüde, Ulrich","first_name":"Ulrich"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:49:32Z","title":"Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045","publication":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The drag force on aggregates and partially sintered agglomerates is assessed using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and accelerated Stokesian dynamics (ASD). Both methods have been compared in terms of accuracy and computational effort. It is shown that they give comparable results if all numerical parameters are controlled carefully. LBM requires a much higher computational effort, however, in contrast to ASD it is able to simulate partially sintered agglomerates as well. The results show that even a very small amount of sintering leads to a significant reduction in the drag force. The analysis of the drag force on agglomerates as well as on aggregates shows that there is no simple geometric quantity which is uniquely related to the drag force. Moreover, there is a significant variation in drag force for single aggregates at different orientations or for the orientation averaged drag force of different aggregates of the same size. This is explained by the structural effects which may lead to a variation in the drag force up to +-20%."}],"status":"public","_id":"26145","user_id":"70093","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"user_id":"70093","_id":"26148","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"publication":"Chemie Ingenieur Technik","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Die Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche bei der Simulation von Zweiphasenströmungen spielt in der Praxis eine entscheidende Rolle, wenn erwünschter oder unerwünschter Transport der dispersen Phase zu einer Oberfläche bedeutend ist. Zweiphasenströmungen mit einer dispersen Phase werden heutzutage häufig mit dem Euler-Lagrange-Verfahren in modernen CFD-Codes simuliert. Im Folgenden wird darauf eingegangen werden, wie solche Berechnungen in kommerziellen CFD-Codes durchgeführt werden."}],"volume":78,"author":[{"last_name":"Horn","full_name":"Horn, M.","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:54:23Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1002/cite.200500110","title":"Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen","issue":"6","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-286X","1522-2640"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        78","page":"694-699","citation":{"apa":"Horn, M., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2006). Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, <i>78</i>(6), 694–699. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110</a>","short":"M. Horn, H.-J. Schmid, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 78 (2006) 694–699.","mla":"Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 78, no. 6, 2006, pp. 694–99, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">10.1002/cite.200500110</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Horn_Schmid_2006, title={Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen}, volume={78}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">10.1002/cite.200500110</a>}, number={6}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Horn, M. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2006}, pages={694–699} }","chicago":"Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i> 78, no. 6 (2006): 694–99. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110</a>.","ieee":"M. Horn and H.-J. Schmid, “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen,” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 694–699, 2006, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">10.1002/cite.200500110</a>.","ama":"Horn M, Schmid H-J. Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>. 2006;78(6):694-699. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110\">10.1002/cite.200500110</a>"},"year":"2006"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Chemical Engineering Science","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"This work investigates the effects of reduced accessible surface area of aggregate particles and of surface energy on relevant particle formation and growth mechanisms during titania formation from the vapour phase at industrial process conditions. Growth due to surface reaction and due to condensation is related to the fraction of the surface area that is exposed to the collision with single molecules. Surface shielding is found to hamper surface reaction and condensation once fractal aggregates start to form. It leads to significantly retarded precursor consumption and produces aggregate particles, which consist of more, but smaller primary particles. Surface energy data are varied within a range as proposed by available literature data. Moderate and high surface energy values result in a thermodynamic barrier to the formation of new particles and are shown to reduce the formation of seed particles by several orders of magnitude. This leads to the formation of aggregate particles which consist of a rather small number of primary particles and mainly grow by surface reaction. The primary contribution of condensation to growth of individual primary particles is shown to be very little. However, condensation should not be neglected as it has a strong impact on particle formation rates and hence on product characteristics such as the number of primary particles and primary particle size.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26150","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-2509"]},"citation":{"ieee":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms,” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 18–32, 2006, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>.","chicago":"Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Modelling Titania Formation at Typical Industrial Process Conditions: Effect of Surface Shielding and Surface Energy on Relevant Growth Mechanisms.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i> 61, no. 1 (2006): 18–32. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>.","ama":"Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>. 2006;61(1):18-32. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>","apa":"Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2006). Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, <i>61</i>(1), 18–32. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>","short":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2006) 18–32.","bibtex":"@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2006, title={Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms}, volume={61}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>}, number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2006}, pages={18–32} }","mla":"Artelt, C., et al. “Modelling Titania Formation at Typical Industrial Process Conditions: Effect of Surface Shielding and Surface Energy on Relevant Growth Mechanisms.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, 2006, pp. 18–32, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053</a>."},"page":"18-32","intvolume":"        61","year":"2006","date_created":"2021-10-13T16:00:22Z","author":[{"last_name":"Artelt","full_name":"Artelt, C.","first_name":"C."},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid"},{"first_name":"W.","last_name":"Peukert","full_name":"Peukert, W."}],"volume":61,"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053","title":"Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Chemical Engineering Science","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Nanoparticle precipitation is an interesting process to generate particles with tailored properties. In this study we investigate the impact of various process steps such as solid formation, mixing and agglomeration on the resulting particle size distribution (PSD) as representative property using barium sulfate as exemplary material. Besides the experimental investigation, process simulations were carried out by solving the full 1D population balance equation coupled to a model describing the micromixing kinetics based on a finite-element Galerkin h-p-method. This combination of population balance and micromixing model was applied successfully to predict the influence of mixing on mean sizes (good quantitative agreement between experimental data and simulation results are obtained) and gain insights into nanoparticle precipitation: The interfacial energy was identified to be a critical parameter in predicting the particle size, poor mixing results in larger particles and the impact of agglomeration was found to increase with supersaturation due to larger particle numbers. Shear-induced agglomeration was found to be controllable through the residence time in turbulent regions and the intensity of turbulence, necessary for intense mixing but undesired due to agglomeration. By this approach, however, the distribution width is underestimated which is attributed to the large spectrum of mixing histories of fluid elements on their way through the mixer. Therefore, an improved computational fluid dynamics-based approach using direct numerical simulation with a Lagrangian particle tracking strategy is applied in combination with the coupled population balance–micromixing approach. We found that the full DNS-approach, coupled to the population balance and micromixing model is capable of predicting not only the mean sizes but the full PSD in nanoparticle precipitation."}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26149","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-2509"]},"citation":{"chicago":"Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, Florian Schwertfirm, Michael Manhart, Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation Based on the Population Balance Equation.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i> 61, no. 1 (2005): 167–81. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.","ieee":"H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation,” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 167–181, 2005, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.","ama":"Schwarzer H-C, Schwertfirm F, Manhart M, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>. 2005;61(1):167-181. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>","mla":"Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, et al. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation Based on the Population Balance Equation.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, 2005, pp. 167–81, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schwarzer_Schwertfirm_Manhart_Schmid_Peukert_2005, title={Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation}, volume={61}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>}, number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph and Schwertfirm, Florian and Manhart, Michael and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2005}, pages={167–181} }","short":"H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2005) 167–181.","apa":"Schwarzer, H.-C., Schwertfirm, F., Manhart, M., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2005). Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, <i>61</i>(1), 167–181. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>"},"intvolume":"        61","page":"167-181","year":"2005","author":[{"last_name":"Schwarzer","full_name":"Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph","first_name":"Hans-Christoph"},{"full_name":"Schwertfirm, Florian","last_name":"Schwertfirm","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Manhart, Michael","last_name":"Manhart","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid"},{"full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"Wolfgang"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T15:57:59Z","volume":61,"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064","title":"Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation"},{"user_id":"70093","_id":"26151","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Chemical Engineering Science","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Simulation results on the evolution of aggregate structure in aerosol processes with coagulation and sintering as the dominant mechanisms are presented. A model for simulation of the three-dimensional morphology of nano-structured aggregates formed by concurrent coagulation and sintering is applied. The model is based on a stochastic diffusion controlled cluster–cluster aggregation algorithm and sintering is modeled as a successive overlapping of spherical primary particles, which are allowed to grow in order to maintain mass conservation. This leads to computer simulated structured aggregates which are then subject to evaluation. Two different methods to determine the fractal dimension are presented which give comparable results. It is shown that even very small particles show the same fractal behavior. Furthermore, equilibrium structures assuming a constant ratio of the characteristic collision time to the characteristic fusion time are considered as well as the kinetics of structural changes due to a change in the ambient conditions."}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:02:52Z","author":[{"last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"Belal","last_name":"Al-Zaitone","full_name":"Al-Zaitone, Belal"},{"full_name":"Artelt, Christian","last_name":"Artelt","first_name":"Christian"},{"last_name":"Peukert","full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang"}],"volume":61,"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068","title":"Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering","issue":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-2509"]},"citation":{"chicago":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, Belal Al-Zaitone, Christian Artelt, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Evolution of the Fractal Dimension for Simultaneous Coagulation and Sintering.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i> 61, no. 1 (2005): 293–305. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>.","ieee":"H.-J. Schmid, B. Al-Zaitone, C. Artelt, and W. Peukert, “Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering,” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 293–305, 2005, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>.","ama":"Schmid H-J, Al-Zaitone B, Artelt C, Peukert W. Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>. 2005;61(1):293-305. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>","apa":"Schmid, H.-J., Al-Zaitone, B., Artelt, C., &#38; Peukert, W. (2005). Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, <i>61</i>(1), 293–305. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>","short":"H.-J. Schmid, B. Al-Zaitone, C. Artelt, W. Peukert, Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2005) 293–305.","mla":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, et al. “Evolution of the Fractal Dimension for Simultaneous Coagulation and Sintering.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, 2005, pp. 293–305, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schmid_Al-Zaitone_Artelt_Peukert_2005, title={Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering}, volume={61}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068\">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068</a>}, number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Al-Zaitone, Belal and Artelt, Christian and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2005}, pages={293–305} }"},"page":"293-305","intvolume":"        61","year":"2005"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26153","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This work investigates effects of reduced accessible surface area of aggregate particles and surface energy on titania particle formation and growth. It is taken into consideration that surface-related growth mechanisms, i.e. surface reaction and condensation, are limited to the fraction of the surface area of primary particles which is exposed to the collision with single molecules. Surface energy data determine the critical particle size with respect to evaporation and values are varied within the published range. This implies to develop a model which considers “surface shielding” and accounts for the formation of stable clusters from a supersaturated vapour due to nucleation and condensation besides considering the generation of monomers due to chemical reaction, growth due to surface reaction, agglomeration and sintering. Taking the accessible surface area into account is found out to be especially important if agglomerates contain a large number of primary particles or if agglomerate structure is rather compact. In this case, precursor consumption and primary particle growth turn out to be significantly retarded. Surface energy data are shown to be decisive with respect to the thermodynamic barrier to the formation of particles, thus to active particle formation and growth mechanisms, besides affecting sintering kinetics. Elevated surface energy data typically retard precursor consumption and favour primary particle growth."}],"publication":"Journal of Aerosol Science","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003","title":"On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase","volume":36,"author":[{"full_name":"Artelt, C.","last_name":"Artelt","first_name":"C."},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid"},{"full_name":"Peukert, W.","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"W."}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:09:43Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","page":"147-172","intvolume":"        36","citation":{"ieee":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase,” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 147–172, 2005, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>.","chicago":"Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “On the Impact of Accessible Surface and Surface Energy on Particle Formation and Growth from the Vapour Phase.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i> 36, no. 2 (2005): 147–72. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>.","ama":"Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>. 2005;36(2):147-172. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>","bibtex":"@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2005, title={On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase}, volume={36}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2005}, pages={147–172} }","short":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 36 (2005) 147–172.","mla":"Artelt, C., et al. “On the Impact of Accessible Surface and Surface Energy on Particle Formation and Growth from the Vapour Phase.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 36, no. 2, 2005, pp. 147–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>.","apa":"Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2005). On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, <i>36</i>(2), 147–172. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003</a>"},"year":"2005","issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-8502"]},"publication_status":"published"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1388-0764","1572-896X"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"6","year":"2004","intvolume":"         6","page":"613-626","citation":{"ieee":"H.-J. Schmid, S. Tejwani, C. Artelt, and W. Peukert, “Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering,” <i>Journal of Nanoparticle Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 613–626, 2004, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>.","chicago":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, Saurabh Tejwani, Christian Artelt, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Aggregate Morphology for Simultaneous Coagulation and Sintering.” <i>Journal of Nanoparticle Research</i> 6, no. 6 (2004): 613–26. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>.","ama":"Schmid H-J, Tejwani S, Artelt C, Peukert W. Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. <i>Journal of Nanoparticle Research</i>. 2004;6(6):613-626. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>","mla":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, et al. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Aggregate Morphology for Simultaneous Coagulation and Sintering.” <i>Journal of Nanoparticle Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 6, 2004, pp. 613–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>.","short":"H.-J. Schmid, S. Tejwani, C. Artelt, W. Peukert, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 6 (2004) 613–626.","bibtex":"@article{Schmid_Tejwani_Artelt_Peukert_2004, title={Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Nanoparticle Research}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Tejwani, Saurabh and Artelt, Christian and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2004}, pages={613–626} }","apa":"Schmid, H.-J., Tejwani, S., Artelt, C., &#38; Peukert, W. (2004). Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. <i>Journal of Nanoparticle Research</i>, <i>6</i>(6), 613–626. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x</a>"},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","volume":6,"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:05:11Z","author":[{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"Saurabh","last_name":"Tejwani","full_name":"Tejwani, Saurabh"},{"last_name":"Artelt","full_name":"Artelt, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","last_name":"Peukert"}],"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering","doi":"10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x","publication":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"A model for simulation of the three-dimensional morphology of nano-structured aggregates formed by concurrent coagulation and sintering is presented. Diffusion controlled cluster–cluster aggregation is assumed to be the prevailing coagulation mechanism which is implemented using a Monte–Carlo algorithm. Sintering is modeled as a successive overlapping of spherical primary particles, which are allowed to grow as to preserve overall mass. Simulations are characterized by individual ratios τ of characteristic collision to fusion time. A number of resulting aggregate-structures is displayed and reveals structure formation by coagulation and sintering for different values of τ. These aggregates are described qualitatively and quantitatively by their mass fractal dimension Df and radius of gyration. The fractal dimension increases from 1.86 for pure aggregation to ≈ 2.75 for equal characteristic time scales. As sintering turns out to be more and more relevant, increasingly compact aggregates start to form and the radius of gyration decreases significantly. The simulation results clearly reveal a strong dependence of the fractal dimension on the kinetics of the concurrent coagulation and sintering processes. Considering appropriate values of Df in aerosol process simulations may therefore be important in many cases.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"26152","user_id":"70093","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"page":"4833-4840","intvolume":"        75","citation":{"mla":"Kirchhof, Martin J., et al. “Reactor System for the Study of High-Temperature Short-Time Sintering of Nanoparticles.” <i>Review of Scientific Instruments</i>, vol. 75, no. 11, 2004, pp. 4833–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">10.1063/1.1809258</a>.","short":"M.J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Review of Scientific Instruments 75 (2004) 4833–4840.","bibtex":"@article{Kirchhof_Schmid_Peukert_2004, title={Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles}, volume={75}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">10.1063/1.1809258</a>}, number={11}, journal={Review of Scientific Instruments}, author={Kirchhof, Martin J. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2004}, pages={4833–4840} }","apa":"Kirchhof, M. J., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2004). Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles. <i>Review of Scientific Instruments</i>, <i>75</i>(11), 4833–4840. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258</a>","ama":"Kirchhof MJ, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles. <i>Review of Scientific Instruments</i>. 2004;75(11):4833-4840. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">10.1063/1.1809258</a>","chicago":"Kirchhof, Martin J., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Reactor System for the Study of High-Temperature Short-Time Sintering of Nanoparticles.” <i>Review of Scientific Instruments</i> 75, no. 11 (2004): 4833–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258</a>.","ieee":"M. J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles,” <i>Review of Scientific Instruments</i>, vol. 75, no. 11, pp. 4833–4840, 2004, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258\">10.1063/1.1809258</a>."},"year":"2004","issue":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1063/1.1809258","title":"Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles","volume":75,"author":[{"first_name":"Martin J.","last_name":"Kirchhof","full_name":"Kirchhof, Martin J."},{"last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Peukert, Wolfgang","last_name":"Peukert"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:13:56Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A high-temperature short residence time flow reactor system has been realized for the investigation of the gas phase sintering kinetics of nanoparticles separated from all other synthesis mechanisms, e.g., chemical reaction, nucleation, coagulation and condensation. Major components are a hot-wall tubular reactor for the production of unsintered aggregates consisting of spherical primary particles in the size range 10–80 nm and a sintering reactor for the investigation of the sintering kinetics at well-defined temperature and residence time history. Therefore, rapid heating and quenching of the particles at the beginning and at the end of the reaction zone, respectively, is maintained. Main parameters in the sintering reactor are: temperatures up to 1873 K and residence times in the range 8–1000 ms. The reactor conditions are characterized by temperature profile measurements with a newly constructed suction thermocouple probe and by computational fluid dynamics simulations of the residence time distributions. Exemplary results of the sintering of silica nanoparticles obtained by transmission electron microscopy analysis are presented."}],"publication":"Review of Scientific Instruments","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26154"},{"volume":76,"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:16:29Z","author":[{"full_name":"Messerer, A.","last_name":"Messerer","first_name":"A."},{"id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"C.","last_name":"Knab","full_name":"Knab, C."},{"first_name":"U.","last_name":"Pöschl","full_name":"Pöschl, U."},{"first_name":"R.","full_name":"Nießner, R.","last_name":"Nießner"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1002/cite.200403418","title":"Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen","issue":"8","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-286X","1522-2640"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        76","page":"1092-1096","citation":{"short":"A. Messerer, H.-J. Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, R. Nießner, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 76 (2004) 1092–1096.","bibtex":"@article{Messerer_Schmid_Knab_Pöschl_Nießner_2004, title={Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen}, volume={76}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">10.1002/cite.200403418</a>}, number={8}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Messerer, A. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Knab, C. and Pöschl, U. and Nießner, R.}, year={2004}, pages={1092–1096} }","mla":"Messerer, A., et al. “Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 76, no. 8, 2004, pp. 1092–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">10.1002/cite.200403418</a>.","apa":"Messerer, A., Schmid, H.-J., Knab, C., Pöschl, U., &#38; Nießner, R. (2004). Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, <i>76</i>(8), 1092–1096. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418</a>","ama":"Messerer A, Schmid H-J, Knab C, Pöschl U, Nießner R. Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>. 2004;76(8):1092-1096. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">10.1002/cite.200403418</a>","ieee":"A. Messerer, H.-J. Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, and R. Nießner, “Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen,” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1092–1096, 2004, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">10.1002/cite.200403418</a>.","chicago":"Messerer, A., Hans-Joachim Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, and R. Nießner. “Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i> 76, no. 8 (2004): 1092–96. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418</a>."},"year":"2004","user_id":"70093","_id":"26155","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"publication":"Chemie Ingenieur Technik","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0032-5910"]},"citation":{"ama":"Schmid H-J, Vogel L. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2003;135/136:118-135. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>","ieee":"H.-J. Schmid and L. Vogel, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, pp. 118–135, 2003, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.","chicago":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian Modelling Approach.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 135/136 (2003): 118–35. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schmid_Vogel_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach}, volume={135/136}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>}, journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Vogel, Lutz}, year={2003}, pages={118–135} }","mla":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian Modelling Approach.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 118–35, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.","short":"H.-J. Schmid, L. Vogel, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 118–135.","apa":"Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Vogel, L. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>135/136</i>, 118–135. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>"},"page":"118-135","year":"2003","date_created":"2021-10-13T16:18:08Z","author":[{"last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"last_name":"Vogel","full_name":"Vogel, Lutz","first_name":"Lutz"}],"volume":"135/136","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009","title":"On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach","type":"journal_article","publication":"Powder Technology","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Electro-hydrodynamic two-phase flows are encountered in various applications, e.g. electrically enhanced coating, electrostatic precipitation or toner application. In all cases there is a complex interaction between a turbulent flow field, a strong electric field, a corona discharge and the particle motion. This paper starts with an overview and classification of possible modelling approaches for all major phenomena. Afterwards the manuscript focuses on the modelling of particle dynamics: A Lagrangian, continuous random walk model is compared with an Eulerian approach for a number of test cases. The study is mostly focused on fine particles, i.e. roughly smaller than 100 μm in diameter for the Lagrangian approach and smaller than about 10 μm in the case of Eulerian modelling. It is shown that a local turbulent dispersion coefficient may be derived based on flow field calculations with a constant of proportionality identical to the Lagrangian random walk model. In this case the turbulent dispersion is equally described by both models even for inhomogeneous turbulence. For a superimposed particle drift velocity a model equation introduced by Csanady gives a reasonable agreement. Finally it is shown that modelling of the charging kinetics is a very crucial point in Eulerian modelling. This is demonstrated for the example of electrostatic precipitation where good agreement between Lagrangian and Eulerian modelling is achieved only if local particle charging kinetics is accounted for. Even though Lagrangian particle tracking is still superior in terms of physical modelling of electro-hydrodynamic particulate flows, it is shown that an Eulerian approach may lead to reasonable results with substantially reduced numerical effort.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26156","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","author":[{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:19:46Z","volume":"135/136","title":"On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0032-5910"]},"year":"2003","citation":{"ieee":"H.-J. Schmid, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, pp. 136–149, 2003, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.","chicago":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 135/136 (2003): 136–49. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.","ama":"Schmid H-J. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2003;135/136:136-149. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>","bibtex":"@article{Schmid_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation}, volume={135/136}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>}, journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2003}, pages={136–149} }","mla":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 136–49, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.","short":"H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 136–149.","apa":"Schmid, H.-J. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>135/136</i>, 136–149. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>"},"page":"136-149","_id":"26157","user_id":"70093","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Powder Technology","abstract":[{"text":"A simulation method is applied to calculate particle dynamics in electrostatic precipitators as characterised by particle flux density and concentration profiles in arbitrary channel cross-sections and flux density profiles of dust precipitated at the collecting electrodes (CEs). A simple statistical model allows the determination of confidence intervals for flux profiles. First, a ‘standard case’ considering full coupling of all physical phenomena occurring in this problem, i.e., electric field, flow field and particle dynamics is simulated. Subsequently, this standard case is compared to simulations with one quantity (e.g., electric field strength, turbulence intensity) substituted by a mean value which is homogeneously distributed in the precipitation zone. This reveals the relevance of the various physical phenomena: It turned out that the secondary flows had only a minor influence on the overall particle precipitation although they cause some ‘patterning’ of local precipitation. Turbulence inhomogeneity shows a stronger effect on particle dynamics. However, the electric field appears to be by far the most important quantity in simulating particle dynamics. Consequently, in order to achieve most reasonable simulation results for a given numerical effort most attention has to be devoted to field calculations, including correct boundary conditions.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"70093","_id":"26158","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Rasche technologische Entwicklungen haben für Chemieingenieure bzw. Verfahrenstechniker neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten eröffnet, wodurch sich zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Ausbildung ergeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Lösungsansätze im Fachgebiet der Partikeltechnik: Es findet eine noch stärkere Betonung der Grundlagen statt, wobei Beispiele aus klassischen und neuen Anwendungen exemplarisch vertieft werden. Kernpunkt des Curriculums sind die Produkteigenschaften. Besonderes Gewicht wird außerdem auf die Betrachtung ganzer Prozesse gelegt. Die Vorlesungen sind in drei Ebenen strukturiert: Grundlagen, Grundoperationen und Prozesse/Anwendungen. Methodisch wird ein zweifacher Ansatz verfolgt: Die Lehre der grundlegenden Fakten wird ergänzt durch eine aktive Teilnahme der Studenten, insbesondere bei der Erarbeitung von Beispielen und in Labor- bzw. Rechnerpraktika. Durch eine ganzheitliche Sicht der Universitätsausbildung sollen auch „soft skills“ gefördert werden.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Chemie Ingenieur Technik","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1002/cite.200390035","title":"Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik","volume":75,"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:22:46Z","author":[{"first_name":"W.","full_name":"Peukert, W.","last_name":"Peukert"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","page":"177-183","intvolume":"        75","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Peukert_Schmid_2003, title={Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik}, volume={75}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">10.1002/cite.200390035</a>}, number={3}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Peukert, W. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2003}, pages={177–183} }","short":"W. Peukert, H.-J. Schmid, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 75 (2003) 177–183.","mla":"Peukert, W., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Herausforderungen Für Die Lehre Am Beispiel Der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 75, no. 3, 2003, pp. 177–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">10.1002/cite.200390035</a>.","apa":"Peukert, W., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2003). Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, <i>75</i>(3), 177–183. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035</a>","ama":"Peukert W, Schmid H-J. Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik. <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>. 2003;75(3):177-183. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">10.1002/cite.200390035</a>","chicago":"Peukert, W., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Herausforderungen Für Die Lehre Am Beispiel Der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik.” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i> 75, no. 3 (2003): 177–83. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035</a>.","ieee":"W. Peukert and H.-J. Schmid, “Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik,” <i>Chemie Ingenieur Technik</i>, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 177–183, 2003, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035\">10.1002/cite.200390035</a>."},"year":"2003","issue":"3","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0009-286X","1522-2640"]},"publication_status":"published"},{"title":"On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations","doi":"10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","volume":34,"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:24:37Z","author":[{"last_name":"Artelt","full_name":"Artelt, C.","first_name":"C."},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid"},{"full_name":"Peukert, W.","last_name":"Peukert","first_name":"W."}],"year":"2003","page":"511-534","intvolume":"        34","citation":{"short":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 34 (2003) 511–534.","bibtex":"@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2003, title={On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2003}, pages={511–534} }","mla":"Artelt, C., et al. “On the Relevance of Accounting for the Evolution of the Fractal Dimension in Aerosol Process Simulations.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 34, no. 5, 2003, pp. 511–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>.","apa":"Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert, W. (2003). On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, <i>34</i>(5), 511–534. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>","ama":"Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations. <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>. 2003;34(5):511-534. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>","chicago":"Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “On the Relevance of Accounting for the Evolution of the Fractal Dimension in Aerosol Process Simulations.” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i> 34, no. 5 (2003): 511–34. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>.","ieee":"C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations,” <i>Journal of Aerosol Science</i>, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 511–534, 2003, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3\">10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-8502"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"5","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"26159","user_id":"70093","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A population balance model is presented, which tracks particle growth in the gas phase and accounts for simultaneous agglomeration and sintering: Simulations reveal the evolution of the full distribution of a volume equivalent diameter and, amongst others, the evolution of the agglomerate collision diameter, a mean primary particle size and the number of primary particles per agglomerate. Furthermore, assuming fractal behaviour of the growing agglomerate particles—for the first time—a model for the evolution of a mean value of the fractal dimension based on physical and process parameters is proposed and incorporated into the simulation model. PARSIVAL, a commercial solver for integro-differential equations is employed to solve the equations involved. It is based on a generalised finite-element scheme with self-adaptive grid- and order construction. Calculations are performed to validate the model against monodisperse and sectional models published in literature for the exemplary case of Si production. The results are in good agreement if the same simplifying assumptions are made. However, results obtained from the new model for both—isothermal and non-isothermal process conditions—clearly show that it is important to consider the changing fractal dimension in many cases."}],"status":"public","publication":"Journal of Aerosol Science","type":"journal_article"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Annette","full_name":"Schiel, Annette","last_name":"Schiel"},{"first_name":"Alfred P.","full_name":"Weber, Alfred P.","last_name":"Weber"},{"full_name":"Kasper, Gerhard","last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Gerhard"},{"last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"date_created":"2021-10-13T16:26:13Z","volume":19,"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:17Z","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200290004","title":"In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures","issue":"6","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0934-0866"]},"citation":{"chicago":"Schiel, Annette, Alfred P. Weber, Gerhard Kasper, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures.” <i>Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization</i> 19, no. 6 (2002): 410–18. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>.","ieee":"A. Schiel, A. P. Weber, G. Kasper, and H.-J. Schmid, “In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures,” <i>Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization</i>, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 410–418, 2002, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>.","ama":"Schiel A, Weber AP, Kasper G, Schmid H-J. In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures. <i>Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization</i>. 2002;19(6):410-418. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>","apa":"Schiel, A., Weber, A. P., Kasper, G., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2002). In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures. <i>Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization</i>, <i>19</i>(6), 410–418. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>","short":"A. Schiel, A.P. Weber, G. Kasper, H.-J. Schmid, Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization 19 (2002) 410–418.","bibtex":"@article{Schiel_Weber_Kasper_Schmid_2002, title={In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>}, number={6}, journal={Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization}, author={Schiel, Annette and Weber, Alfred P. and Kasper, Gerhard and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2002}, pages={410–418} }","mla":"Schiel, Annette, et al. “In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures.” <i>Particle &#38; Particle Systems Characterization</i>, vol. 19, no. 6, 2002, pp. 410–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004\">10.1002/ppsc.200290004</a>."},"page":"410-418","intvolume":"        19","year":"2002","user_id":"70093","_id":"26160","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Thermal charging of submicron and nanometer particles has been studied for model aerosols of TiO2 and SiO2 as well as Al-Si (aluminosilicate) at 1 000 °C with a new quasi in-situ technique. The size dependence of the particle separation efficiency for electrostatic precipitation was determined. The charging state of the particles was obtained from evaluating the global Deutsch number for precipitation in an electric field applied to a laminar flow based on particle trajectory considerations.","lang":"eng"}]}]