---
_id: '26138'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this work, a new model for the simulation of nanostructured aggregates
by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth is presented. Coagulation
is treated as cluster–cluster agglomeration along the line connecting the center
of mass of both agglomerates and is implemented using a Monte Carlo algorithm.
Sintering is modeled as successive overlapping of spheres which cause reduction
in the surface area based on a rate law for surface reduction. Surface growth
is modeled as an increase in primary particle diameter, e.g. as a result of surface
reactions. The evolved aggregates are analyzed by calculating their fractal dimension,
radius of gyration, mobility diameter and mobility shape factor. It is found that
the aggregates structure tends to be more compact when introducing the surface
growth in shorter time comparing to the coagulation-sintering step only. Fractal
dimension and the mobility shape factor of the resulting aggregates are correlated
to an effective dimensionless time that combines the characteristic times of these
three fundamental mechanisms. It is shown that the mobility diameter in the free
molecular regime is not proportional to the radius of gyration. A power law relation
that correlates the aggregates projected area and the equivalent number of primary
particles is found to be in a very good agreement with estimates published in
literature.
author:
- first_name: Belal
full_name: Al Zaitone, Belal
last_name: Al Zaitone
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Al Zaitone B, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Simulation of structure and mobility of
aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface growth. Journal
of Aerosol Science. 2009;40(11):950-964. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007
apa: Al Zaitone, B., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2009). Simulation of structure
and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface
growth. Journal of Aerosol Science, 40(11), 950–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007
bibtex: '@article{Al Zaitone_Schmid_Peukert_2009, title={Simulation of structure
and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface
growth}, volume={40}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007},
number={11}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Al Zaitone, Belal and
Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2009}, pages={950–964} }'
chicago: 'Al Zaitone, Belal, Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Simulation
of Structure and Mobility of Aggregates Formed by Simultaneous Coagulation, Sintering
and Surface Growth.” Journal of Aerosol Science 40, no. 11 (2009): 950–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007.'
ieee: 'B. Al Zaitone, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Simulation of structure and
mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation, sintering and surface
growth,” Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 950–964, 2009,
doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007.'
mla: Al Zaitone, Belal, et al. “Simulation of Structure and Mobility of Aggregates
Formed by Simultaneous Coagulation, Sintering and Surface Growth.” Journal
of Aerosol Science, vol. 40, no. 11, 2009, pp. 950–64, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007.
short: B. Al Zaitone, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 40 (2009)
950–964.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:17:17Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.007
intvolume: ' 40'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 950-964
publication: Journal of Aerosol Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8502
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Simulation of structure and mobility of aggregates formed by simultaneous coagulation,
sintering and surface growth
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 40
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '26139'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The study presents first experimental results of the transfer of magnetite
nanoparticles from an aqueous to a second non-miscible non-aqueous liquid phase.
The transfer is based on the adsorption of macromolecular surfactants onto the
particle surface at the liquid–liquid interface. For a successful direct phase
transfer, it is essential to have cations, like ammonium ions, present in the
aqueous phase as well as a threshold concentration of surfactant in the organic
liquid phase. While penetrating the liquid–liquid interface, the particles are
covered with the surfactant and therefore a partial de-agglomeration is initiated.
Based on literature and experimental data a mechanism of surfactant adsorption
is proposed. The competing adsorption of the surfactant molecules at the liquid–liquid
interface leads to the formation of emulsions and therefore to a hindrance for
particles passing the interface. Nevertheless a high efficiency of 100% yield
can be reached using optimized process parameters for the phase transfer process.
author:
- first_name: Stefanie
full_name: Machunsky, Stefanie
last_name: Machunsky
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Grimm, Philipp
last_name: Grimm
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Urs A.
full_name: Peuker, Urs A.
last_name: Peuker
citation:
ama: 'Machunsky S, Grimm P, Schmid H-J, Peuker UA. Liquid–liquid phase transfer
of magnetite nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Aspects. 2009;348(1-3):186-190. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014'
apa: 'Machunsky, S., Grimm, P., Schmid, H.-J., & Peuker, U. A. (2009). Liquid–liquid
phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical
and Engineering Aspects, 348(1–3), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014'
bibtex: '@article{Machunsky_Grimm_Schmid_Peuker_2009, title={Liquid–liquid phase
transfer of magnetite nanoparticles}, volume={348}, DOI={10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014},
number={1–3}, journal={Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Aspects}, author={Machunsky, Stefanie and Grimm, Philipp and Schmid, Hans-Joachim
and Peuker, Urs A.}, year={2009}, pages={186–190} }'
chicago: 'Machunsky, Stefanie, Philipp Grimm, Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Urs A. Peuker.
“Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles.” Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 348, no. 1–3 (2009): 186–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014.'
ieee: 'S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, and U. A. Peuker, “Liquid–liquid phase
transfer of magnetite nanoparticles,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical
and Engineering Aspects, vol. 348, no. 1–3, pp. 186–190, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014.'
mla: 'Machunsky, Stefanie, et al. “Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles.”
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.
348, no. 1–3, 2009, pp. 186–90, doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014.'
short: 'S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, U.A. Peuker, Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 348 (2009) 186–190.'
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:21:05Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.014
intvolume: ' 348'
issue: 1-3
language:
- iso: eng
page: 186-190
publication: 'Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0927-7757
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 348
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '26140'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The viscous-flow sintering of different agglomerate particle morphologies
is studied by three-dimensional computer simulations based on the concept of fractional
volume of fluid. For a fundamental understanding of particle sintering characteristics,
the neck growth kinetics in agglomerate chains and in doublets consisting of differently
sized primary particles is investigated. Results show that different sintering
contacts in agglomerates even during the first stages are not completely independent
from each other, even though differences are small. The neck growth kinetics of
differently sized primary particles is determined by the smaller one up to a size
difference by a factor of approximately 2, whereas for larger size differences,
the kinetics becomes faster. In particular, the agglomerate sintering kinetics
is investigated for particle chains of different lengths and for different particle
morphologies each having ten primary particles and nine initial sintering contacts.
For agglomerate chains, the kinetics approximately can be normalized by using
the radius of the fully coalesced sphere. In general, different agglomerate morphologies
show equal kinetics during the first sintering stages, whereas during advanced
stages, compact morphologies show significantly faster sintering progress than
more open morphologies. Hence, the overall kinetics cannot be described by simply
using constant morphology correction factors such as fractal dimension or mean
coordination number which are used in common sintering models. However, for the
first stages of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering, which are the most important
for many particle processes, a sintering equation is presented. Although we use
agglomerates consisting of spherical primary particles, our methodology can be
applied to other aggregate geometries as well.
author:
- first_name: M. J.
full_name: Kirchhof, M. J.
last_name: Kirchhof
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Kirchhof MJ, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow
agglomerate sintering. Physical Review E. 2009;80(2):026319. doi:10.1103/physreve.80.026319
apa: Kirchhof, M. J., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2009). Three-dimensional
simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering. Physical Review E, 80(2),
026319. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319
bibtex: '@article{Kirchhof_Schmid_Peukert_2009, title={Three-dimensional simulation
of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering}, volume={80}, DOI={10.1103/physreve.80.026319},
number={2}, journal={Physical Review E}, author={Kirchhof, M. J. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim
and Peukert, W.}, year={2009}, pages={026319} }'
chicago: 'Kirchhof, M. J., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Three-Dimensional
Simulation of Viscous-Flow Agglomerate Sintering.” Physical Review E 80,
no. 2 (2009): 026319. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.026319.'
ieee: 'M. J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Three-dimensional simulation
of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering,” Physical Review E, vol. 80, no.
2, p. 026319, 2009, doi: 10.1103/physreve.80.026319.'
mla: Kirchhof, M. J., et al. “Three-Dimensional Simulation of Viscous-Flow Agglomerate
Sintering.” Physical Review E, vol. 80, no. 2, 2009, p. 026319, doi:10.1103/physreve.80.026319.
short: M.J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Physical Review E 80 (2009) 026319.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:23:14Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1103/physreve.80.026319
intvolume: ' 80'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
page: '026319 '
publication: Physical Review E
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1539-3755
- 1550-2376
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Three-dimensional simulation of viscous-flow agglomerate sintering
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 80
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '26142'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Modeling of particle deposition on adjacent walls is a key issue in various
applications like separation or transport processes. The present paper focuses
on the modeling of turbophoretic deposition of particles in the micron size range.
The first step is to evaluate the important range where turbophoresis plays an
important role in comparison to other mechanisms e.g. gravity or electrostatic
separation. The disadvantages of commonly used models will be analyzed and overcome
by implementing a more sophisticated approach considering damping of turbulent
fluctuations in the wall-boundary layer. In contrast to previous work, commonly
used turbulence models are applied to solve the mean flow field of the examples
under consideration. The results will show a good prediction of particle deposition
in comparison to experimental values [B.Y.H. Liu, J.K. Agarwal, Experimental observation
of aerosol deposition in turbulent flow, Aerosol. Sci. 5 (1974) 145–155.] by using
the advanced model.
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Horn, M.
last_name: Horn
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: Horn M, Schmid H-J. A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle
deposition in turbulent boundary layers. Powder Technology. 2008;186(3):189-198.
doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048
apa: Horn, M., & Schmid, H.-J. (2008). A comprehensive approach in modeling
Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers. Powder Technology,
186(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048
bibtex: '@article{Horn_Schmid_2008, title={A comprehensive approach in modeling
Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers}, volume={186}, DOI={10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048},
number={3}, journal={Powder Technology}, author={Horn, M. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim},
year={2008}, pages={189–198} }'
chicago: 'Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling
Lagrangian Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” Powder Technology
186, no. 3 (2008): 189–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048.'
ieee: 'M. Horn and H.-J. Schmid, “A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian
particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers,” Powder Technology, vol.
186, no. 3, pp. 189–198, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048.'
mla: Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling Lagrangian
Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” Powder Technology, vol.
186, no. 3, 2008, pp. 189–98, doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048.
short: M. Horn, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 186 (2008) 189–198.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:37:04Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048
intvolume: ' 186'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 189-198
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent
boundary layers
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 186
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '26147'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy is a recently developed technique
for the investigation of surface properties of particles. To apply the method
to technical colloidal systems, the dependences of several experimental parameters
on the signal have to be studied. In this work the influence of particle concentration
on the SHG signal from the surfaces of colloids (polystyrene beads in a size range
of 0.1 μm to 2.9 μm) is investigated. A simple model, based on Lambert–Beer’s
law, to describe the measured dependences is derived. The model agrees with the
experimental observations for particles smaller 1.1 μm and with a small modification
also for larger particles. Based on the new model an analytical equation for determining
the optimum concentration, where highest signals in colloidal SHG spectroscopy
measurements are obtained, is derived. '
author:
- first_name: L.
full_name: Schneider, L.
last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Schneider L, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Influence of particle size and concentration
on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces. Applied Physics
B. 2007;87:333-339. doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7
apa: Schneider, L., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2007). Influence of particle
size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces.
Applied Physics B, 87, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7
bibtex: '@article{Schneider_Schmid_Peukert_2007, title={Influence of particle size
and concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces},
volume={87}, DOI={10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7},
journal={Applied Physics B}, author={Schneider, L. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and
Peukert, W.}, year={2007}, pages={333–339} }'
chicago: 'Schneider, L., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Influence of Particle
Size and Concentration on the Second-Harmonic Signal Generated at Colloidal Surfaces.”
Applied Physics B 87 (2007): 333–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7.'
ieee: 'L. Schneider, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Influence of particle size and
concentration on the second-harmonic signal generated at colloidal surfaces,”
Applied Physics B, vol. 87, pp. 333–339, 2007, doi: 10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7.'
mla: Schneider, L., et al. “Influence of Particle Size and Concentration on the
Second-Harmonic Signal Generated at Colloidal Surfaces.” Applied Physics B,
vol. 87, 2007, pp. 333–39, doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7.
short: L. Schneider, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Applied Physics B 87 (2007) 333–339.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:52:28Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1007/s00340-007-2597-7
intvolume: ' 87'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 333-339
publication: Applied Physics B
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0946-2171
- 1432-0649
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Influence of particle size and concentration on the second-harmonic signal
generated at colloidal surfaces
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 87
year: '2007'
...
---
_id: '29827'
abstract:
- lang: ger
text: 'Die Entwicklung neuer Konfigurationen zur Rußabscheidung in Elektrofiltern
im Hinblick auf Kfz-Applikationen bedingt die Notwendigkeit, diese auch mithilfe
von Simulationen bewerten zu können. Der Beitrag stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur
Simulation des Abscheideprozesses für einen Temperaturbereich bis 400 Grad C vor.
Entscheidend ist die Möglichkeit, das raumladungsbehaftete elektrische Feld für
alle Betriebszustände zu simulieren. Für den Transport der Raumladungen wird ein
Ansatz aus der Mehrphasenströmungssimulation verwendet. Die Abscheidung der Partikeln
wird mithilfe eines Lagrangeschen Ansatzes modelliert, der die zeitabhängige Aufladung
unter lokalen elektrischen Bedingungen berücksichtigt. Die Simulation des Gesamtprozesses
wird mit experimentellen Untersuchungen anhand eines Laborabscheiders verifiziert.
Simulation und Experiment stimmen gut überein. Insbesondere der dominierende Einfluss
durch die Bereiche in der Nähe der Platten konnte gut abgebildet werden. Das Gleiche
gilt für die parabolische Form der Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie. Weitere Untersuchungen
sind erforderlich, um die gezeigten Methoden auf die Rußabscheidung zu übertragen.
Die Problematik liegt in der Charakterisierung der Rußeigenschaften in Abhängigkeit
von der Rußentstehung. Auch die Randbedingungen der Methoden zur elektrischen
Charakterisierung können zurzeit noch nicht auf allgemeine Fälle übertragen werden. '
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: Schmid H-J. Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten
Rohrelektrofilter. Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft Air Quality Control.
2007;67(4).
apa: Schmid, H.-J. (2007). Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem
modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter. Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality
Control, 67(4).
bibtex: '@article{Schmid_2007, title={Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung
in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter}, volume={67}, number={4}, journal={Gefahrstoffe,
Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2007}
}'
chicago: Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in
einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter.” Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft.
Air Quality Control 67, no. 4 (2007).
ieee: H.-J. Schmid, “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten
Rohrelektrofilter,” Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control,
vol. 67, no. 4, 2007.
mla: Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem
modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter.” Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality
Control, vol. 67, no. 4, 2007.
short: H.-J. Schmid, Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control 67
(2007).
date_created: 2022-02-14T11:39:12Z
date_updated: 2022-02-14T11:39:18Z
department:
- _id: '150'
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 67'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: ger
publication: Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft. Air Quality Control
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0949-8036
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Abscheidung in einem modifizierten Rohrelektrofilter
type: journal_article
user_id: '3959'
volume: 67
year: '2007'
...
---
_id: '26145'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The drag force on aggregates and partially sintered agglomerates is assessed
using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and accelerated Stokesian dynamics (ASD).
Both methods have been compared in terms of accuracy and computational effort.
It is shown that they give comparable results if all numerical parameters are
controlled carefully. LBM requires a much higher computational effort, however,
in contrast to ASD it is able to simulate partially sintered agglomerates as well.
The results show that even a very small amount of sintering leads to a significant
reduction in the drag force. The analysis of the drag force on agglomerates as
well as on aggregates shows that there is no simple geometric quantity which is
uniquely related to the drag force. Moreover, there is a significant variation
in drag force for single aggregates at different orientations or for the orientation
averaged drag force of different aggregates of the same size. This is explained
by the structural effects which may lead to a variation in the drag force up to
+-20%.
author:
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Binder, Christian
last_name: Binder
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Feichtinger, Christian
last_name: Feichtinger
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Thürey, Nils
last_name: Thürey
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
- first_name: Ulrich
full_name: Rüde, Ulrich
last_name: Rüde
citation:
ama: Binder C, Feichtinger C, Schmid H-J, Thürey N, Peukert W, Rüde U. Simulation
of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles. Journal of Colloid and Interface
Science. 2006;301(1):155-167. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045
apa: Binder, C., Feichtinger, C., Schmid, H.-J., Thürey, N., Peukert, W., &
Rüde, U. (2006). Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 301(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045
bibtex: '@article{Binder_Feichtinger_Schmid_Thürey_Peukert_Rüde_2006, title={Simulation
of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles}, volume={301}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045},
number={1}, journal={Journal of Colloid and Interface Science}, author={Binder,
Christian and Feichtinger, Christian and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Thürey, Nils
and Peukert, Wolfgang and Rüde, Ulrich}, year={2006}, pages={155–167} }'
chicago: 'Binder, Christian, Christian Feichtinger, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Nils Thürey,
Wolfgang Peukert, and Ulrich Rüde. “Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Drag of Aggregated
Particles.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 301, no. 1 (2006):
155–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045.'
ieee: 'C. Binder, C. Feichtinger, H.-J. Schmid, N. Thürey, W. Peukert, and U. Rüde,
“Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles,” Journal of Colloid
and Interface Science, vol. 301, no. 1, pp. 155–167, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045.'
mla: Binder, Christian, et al. “Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Drag of Aggregated
Particles.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 301, no. 1,
2006, pp. 155–67, doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045.
short: C. Binder, C. Feichtinger, H.-J. Schmid, N. Thürey, W. Peukert, U. Rüde,
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 301 (2006) 155–167.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:49:32Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.045
intvolume: ' 301'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 155-167
publication: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-9797
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Simulation of the hydrodynamic drag of aggregated particles
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 301
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '26148'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Die Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche bei der Simulation von Zweiphasenströmungen
spielt in der Praxis eine entscheidende Rolle, wenn erwünschter oder unerwünschter
Transport der dispersen Phase zu einer Oberfläche bedeutend ist. Zweiphasenströmungen
mit einer dispersen Phase werden heutzutage häufig mit dem Euler-Lagrange-Verfahren
in modernen CFD-Codes simuliert. Im Folgenden wird darauf eingegangen werden,
wie solche Berechnungen in kommerziellen CFD-Codes durchgeführt werden.
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Horn, M.
last_name: Horn
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: Horn M, Schmid H-J. Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen.
Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 2006;78(6):694-699. doi:10.1002/cite.200500110
apa: Horn, M., & Schmid, H.-J. (2006). Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in
turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 78(6),
694–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110
bibtex: '@article{Horn_Schmid_2006, title={Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in
turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen}, volume={78}, DOI={10.1002/cite.200500110},
number={6}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Horn, M. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim},
year={2006}, pages={694–699} }'
chicago: 'Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche
in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen.” Chemie Ingenieur Technik 78, no.
6 (2006): 694–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500110.'
ieee: 'M. Horn and H.-J. Schmid, “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten
Zweiphasenströmungen,” Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 694–699,
2006, doi: 10.1002/cite.200500110.'
mla: Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in
turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen.” Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 78, no.
6, 2006, pp. 694–99, doi:10.1002/cite.200500110.
short: M. Horn, H.-J. Schmid, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 78 (2006) 694–699.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:54:23Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1002/cite.200500110
intvolume: ' 78'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: ger
page: 694-699
publication: Chemie Ingenieur Technik
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-286X
- 1522-2640
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Modellierung der wandnahen Bereiche in turbulenten Zweiphasenströmungen
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 78
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '26150'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This work investigates the effects of reduced accessible surface area of aggregate
particles and of surface energy on relevant particle formation and growth mechanisms
during titania formation from the vapour phase at industrial process conditions.
Growth due to surface reaction and due to condensation is related to the fraction
of the surface area that is exposed to the collision with single molecules. Surface
shielding is found to hamper surface reaction and condensation once fractal aggregates
start to form. It leads to significantly retarded precursor consumption and produces
aggregate particles, which consist of more, but smaller primary particles. Surface
energy data are varied within a range as proposed by available literature data.
Moderate and high surface energy values result in a thermodynamic barrier to the
formation of new particles and are shown to reduce the formation of seed particles
by several orders of magnitude. This leads to the formation of aggregate particles
which consist of a rather small number of primary particles and mainly grow by
surface reaction. The primary contribution of condensation to growth of individual
primary particles is shown to be very little. However, condensation should not
be neglected as it has a strong impact on particle formation rates and hence on
product characteristics such as the number of primary particles and primary particle
size.
author:
- first_name: C.
full_name: Artelt, C.
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: 'Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Modelling titania formation at typical industrial
process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant
growth mechanisms. Chemical Engineering Science. 2006;61(1):18-32. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053'
apa: 'Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2006). Modelling titania formation
at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface
energy on relevant growth mechanisms. Chemical Engineering Science, 61(1),
18–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053'
bibtex: '@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2006, title={Modelling titania formation
at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface
energy on relevant growth mechanisms}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053},
number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2006}, pages={18–32} }'
chicago: 'Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “Modelling Titania Formation
at Typical Industrial Process Conditions: Effect of Surface Shielding and Surface
Energy on Relevant Growth Mechanisms.” Chemical Engineering Science 61,
no. 1 (2006): 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053.'
ieee: 'C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Modelling titania formation at
typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface
energy on relevant growth mechanisms,” Chemical Engineering Science, vol.
61, no. 1, pp. 18–32, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053.'
mla: 'Artelt, C., et al. “Modelling Titania Formation at Typical Industrial Process
Conditions: Effect of Surface Shielding and Surface Energy on Relevant Growth
Mechanisms.” Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 61, no. 1, 2006, pp. 18–32,
doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053.'
short: C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2006)
18–32.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:00:22Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.053
intvolume: ' 61'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 18-32
publication: Chemical Engineering Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-2509
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect
of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms'
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 61
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '26149'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Nanoparticle precipitation is an interesting process to generate particles
with tailored properties. In this study we investigate the impact of various process
steps such as solid formation, mixing and agglomeration on the resulting particle
size distribution (PSD) as representative property using barium sulfate as exemplary
material. Besides the experimental investigation, process simulations were carried
out by solving the full 1D population balance equation coupled to a model describing
the micromixing kinetics based on a finite-element Galerkin h-p-method. This combination
of population balance and micromixing model was applied successfully to predict
the influence of mixing on mean sizes (good quantitative agreement between experimental
data and simulation results are obtained) and gain insights into nanoparticle
precipitation: The interfacial energy was identified to be a critical parameter
in predicting the particle size, poor mixing results in larger particles and the
impact of agglomeration was found to increase with supersaturation due to larger
particle numbers. Shear-induced agglomeration was found to be controllable through
the residence time in turbulent regions and the intensity of turbulence, necessary
for intense mixing but undesired due to agglomeration. By this approach, however,
the distribution width is underestimated which is attributed to the large spectrum
of mixing histories of fluid elements on their way through the mixer. Therefore,
an improved computational fluid dynamics-based approach using direct numerical
simulation with a Lagrangian particle tracking strategy is applied in combination
with the coupled population balance–micromixing approach. We found that the full
DNS-approach, coupled to the population balance and micromixing model is capable
of predicting not only the mean sizes but the full PSD in nanoparticle precipitation.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Christoph
full_name: Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph
last_name: Schwarzer
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Schwertfirm, Florian
last_name: Schwertfirm
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Manhart, Michael
last_name: Manhart
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Schwarzer H-C, Schwertfirm F, Manhart M, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Predictive
simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation.
Chemical Engineering Science. 2005;61(1):167-181. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064
apa: Schwarzer, H.-C., Schwertfirm, F., Manhart, M., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert,
W. (2005). Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population
balance equation. Chemical Engineering Science, 61(1), 167–181.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064
bibtex: '@article{Schwarzer_Schwertfirm_Manhart_Schmid_Peukert_2005, title={Predictive
simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation},
volume={61}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064},
number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph
and Schwertfirm, Florian and Manhart, Michael and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert,
Wolfgang}, year={2005}, pages={167–181} }'
chicago: 'Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, Florian Schwertfirm, Michael Manhart, Hans-Joachim
Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation
Based on the Population Balance Equation.” Chemical Engineering Science
61, no. 1 (2005): 167–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064.'
ieee: 'H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert,
“Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance
equation,” Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 167–181, 2005,
doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064.'
mla: Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, et al. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation
Based on the Population Balance Equation.” Chemical Engineering Science,
vol. 61, no. 1, 2005, pp. 167–81, doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064.
short: H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Chemical
Engineering Science 61 (2005) 167–181.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:57:59Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064
intvolume: ' 61'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 167-181
publication: Chemical Engineering Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-2509
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population
balance equation
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 61
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '26151'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Simulation results on the evolution of aggregate structure in aerosol processes
with coagulation and sintering as the dominant mechanisms are presented. A model
for simulation of the three-dimensional morphology of nano-structured aggregates
formed by concurrent coagulation and sintering is applied. The model is based
on a stochastic diffusion controlled cluster–cluster aggregation algorithm and
sintering is modeled as a successive overlapping of spherical primary particles,
which are allowed to grow in order to maintain mass conservation. This leads to
computer simulated structured aggregates which are then subject to evaluation.
Two different methods to determine the fractal dimension are presented which give
comparable results. It is shown that even very small particles show the same fractal
behavior. Furthermore, equilibrium structures assuming a constant ratio of the
characteristic collision time to the characteristic fusion time are considered
as well as the kinetics of structural changes due to a change in the ambient conditions.
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Belal
full_name: Al-Zaitone, Belal
last_name: Al-Zaitone
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Artelt, Christian
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Schmid H-J, Al-Zaitone B, Artelt C, Peukert W. Evolution of the fractal dimension
for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. Chemical Engineering Science.
2005;61(1):293-305. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068
apa: Schmid, H.-J., Al-Zaitone, B., Artelt, C., & Peukert, W. (2005). Evolution
of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. Chemical
Engineering Science, 61(1), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068
bibtex: '@article{Schmid_Al-Zaitone_Artelt_Peukert_2005, title={Evolution of the
fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068},
number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim
and Al-Zaitone, Belal and Artelt, Christian and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2005},
pages={293–305} }'
chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, Belal Al-Zaitone, Christian Artelt, and Wolfgang
Peukert. “Evolution of the Fractal Dimension for Simultaneous Coagulation and
Sintering.” Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 1 (2005): 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068.'
ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid, B. Al-Zaitone, C. Artelt, and W. Peukert, “Evolution of the
fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering,” Chemical Engineering
Science, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 293–305, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068.'
mla: Schmid, Hans-Joachim, et al. “Evolution of the Fractal Dimension for Simultaneous
Coagulation and Sintering.” Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 61, no.
1, 2005, pp. 293–305, doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068.
short: H.-J. Schmid, B. Al-Zaitone, C. Artelt, W. Peukert, Chemical Engineering
Science 61 (2005) 293–305.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:02:52Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.068
intvolume: ' 61'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 293-305
publication: Chemical Engineering Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-2509
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Evolution of the fractal dimension for simultaneous coagulation and sintering
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 61
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '26153'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This work investigates effects of reduced accessible surface area of aggregate
particles and surface energy on titania particle formation and growth. It is taken
into consideration that surface-related growth mechanisms, i.e. surface reaction
and condensation, are limited to the fraction of the surface area of primary particles
which is exposed to the collision with single molecules. Surface energy data determine
the critical particle size with respect to evaporation and values are varied within
the published range. This implies to develop a model which considers “surface
shielding” and accounts for the formation of stable clusters from a supersaturated
vapour due to nucleation and condensation besides considering the generation of
monomers due to chemical reaction, growth due to surface reaction, agglomeration
and sintering. Taking the accessible surface area into account is found out to
be especially important if agglomerates contain a large number of primary particles
or if agglomerate structure is rather compact. In this case, precursor consumption
and primary particle growth turn out to be significantly retarded. Surface energy
data are shown to be decisive with respect to the thermodynamic barrier to the
formation of particles, thus to active particle formation and growth mechanisms,
besides affecting sintering kinetics. Elevated surface energy data typically retard
precursor consumption and favour primary particle growth.
author:
- first_name: C.
full_name: Artelt, C.
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. On the impact of accessible surface and surface
energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase. Journal of Aerosol
Science. 2005;36(2):147-172. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003
apa: Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2005). On the impact of accessible
surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase.
Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(2), 147–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003
bibtex: '@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2005, title={On the impact of accessible
surface and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase},
volume={36}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003},
number={2}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2005}, pages={147–172} }'
chicago: 'Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “On the Impact of Accessible
Surface and Surface Energy on Particle Formation and Growth from the Vapour Phase.”
Journal of Aerosol Science 36, no. 2 (2005): 147–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003.'
ieee: 'C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “On the impact of accessible surface
and surface energy on particle formation and growth from the vapour phase,” Journal
of Aerosol Science, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 147–172, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003.'
mla: Artelt, C., et al. “On the Impact of Accessible Surface and Surface Energy
on Particle Formation and Growth from the Vapour Phase.” Journal of Aerosol
Science, vol. 36, no. 2, 2005, pp. 147–72, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003.
short: C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 36 (2005)
147–172.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:09:43Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.003
intvolume: ' 36'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 147-172
publication: Journal of Aerosol Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8502
publication_status: published
status: public
title: On the impact of accessible surface and surface energy on particle formation
and growth from the vapour phase
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 36
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '26152'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A model for simulation of the three-dimensional morphology of nano-structured
aggregates formed by concurrent coagulation and sintering is presented. Diffusion
controlled cluster–cluster aggregation is assumed to be the prevailing coagulation
mechanism which is implemented using a Monte–Carlo algorithm. Sintering is modeled
as a successive overlapping of spherical primary particles, which are allowed
to grow as to preserve overall mass. Simulations are characterized by individual
ratios τ of characteristic collision to fusion time. A number of resulting aggregate-structures
is displayed and reveals structure formation by coagulation and sintering for
different values of τ. These aggregates are described qualitatively and quantitatively
by their mass fractal dimension Df and radius of gyration. The fractal dimension
increases from 1.86 for pure aggregation to ≈ 2.75 for equal characteristic time
scales. As sintering turns out to be more and more relevant, increasingly compact
aggregates start to form and the radius of gyration decreases significantly. The
simulation results clearly reveal a strong dependence of the fractal dimension
on the kinetics of the concurrent coagulation and sintering processes. Considering
appropriate values of Df in aerosol process simulations may therefore be important
in many cases.
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Saurabh
full_name: Tejwani, Saurabh
last_name: Tejwani
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Artelt, Christian
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Schmid H-J, Tejwani S, Artelt C, Peukert W. Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate
morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering. Journal of Nanoparticle
Research. 2004;6(6):613-626. doi:10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x
apa: Schmid, H.-J., Tejwani, S., Artelt, C., & Peukert, W. (2004). Monte Carlo
simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 6(6), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x
bibtex: '@article{Schmid_Tejwani_Artelt_Peukert_2004, title={Monte Carlo simulation
of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering}, volume={6},
DOI={10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x},
number={6}, journal={Journal of Nanoparticle Research}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim
and Tejwani, Saurabh and Artelt, Christian and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2004},
pages={613–626} }'
chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, Saurabh Tejwani, Christian Artelt, and Wolfgang
Peukert. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Aggregate Morphology for Simultaneous Coagulation
and Sintering.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 6, no. 6 (2004): 613–26.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x.'
ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid, S. Tejwani, C. Artelt, and W. Peukert, “Monte Carlo simulation
of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation and sintering,” Journal
of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 613–626, 2004, doi: 10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x.'
mla: Schmid, Hans-Joachim, et al. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Aggregate Morphology
for Simultaneous Coagulation and Sintering.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research,
vol. 6, no. 6, 2004, pp. 613–26, doi:10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x.
short: H.-J. Schmid, S. Tejwani, C. Artelt, W. Peukert, Journal of Nanoparticle
Research 6 (2004) 613–626.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:05:11Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1007/s11051-004-2161-x
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 613-626
publication: Journal of Nanoparticle Research
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1388-0764
- 1572-896X
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Monte Carlo simulation of aggregate morphology for simultaneous coagulation
and sintering
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 6
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '26154'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A high-temperature short residence time flow reactor system has been realized
for the investigation of the gas phase sintering kinetics of nanoparticles separated
from all other synthesis mechanisms, e.g., chemical reaction, nucleation, coagulation
and condensation. Major components are a hot-wall tubular reactor for the production
of unsintered aggregates consisting of spherical primary particles in the size
range 10–80 nm and a sintering reactor for the investigation of the sintering
kinetics at well-defined temperature and residence time history. Therefore, rapid
heating and quenching of the particles at the beginning and at the end of the
reaction zone, respectively, is maintained. Main parameters in the sintering reactor
are: temperatures up to 1873 K and residence times in the range 8–1000 ms. The
reactor conditions are characterized by temperature profile measurements with
a newly constructed suction thermocouple probe and by computational fluid dynamics
simulations of the residence time distributions. Exemplary results of the sintering
of silica nanoparticles obtained by transmission electron microscopy analysis
are presented.'
author:
- first_name: Martin J.
full_name: Kirchhof, Martin J.
last_name: Kirchhof
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Kirchhof MJ, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Reactor system for the study of high-temperature
short-time sintering of nanoparticles. Review of Scientific Instruments.
2004;75(11):4833-4840. doi:10.1063/1.1809258
apa: Kirchhof, M. J., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2004). Reactor system for
the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles. Review
of Scientific Instruments, 75(11), 4833–4840. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258
bibtex: '@article{Kirchhof_Schmid_Peukert_2004, title={Reactor system for the study
of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1063/1.1809258}, number={11},
journal={Review of Scientific Instruments}, author={Kirchhof, Martin J. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim and Peukert, Wolfgang}, year={2004}, pages={4833–4840} }'
chicago: 'Kirchhof, Martin J., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Reactor
System for the Study of High-Temperature Short-Time Sintering of Nanoparticles.”
Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 11 (2004): 4833–40. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1809258.'
ieee: 'M. J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “Reactor system for the study
of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles,” Review of Scientific
Instruments, vol. 75, no. 11, pp. 4833–4840, 2004, doi: 10.1063/1.1809258.'
mla: Kirchhof, Martin J., et al. “Reactor System for the Study of High-Temperature
Short-Time Sintering of Nanoparticles.” Review of Scientific Instruments,
vol. 75, no. 11, 2004, pp. 4833–40, doi:10.1063/1.1809258.
short: M.J. Kirchhof, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Review of Scientific Instruments
75 (2004) 4833–4840.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:13:56Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1063/1.1809258
intvolume: ' 75'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 4833-4840
publication: Review of Scientific Instruments
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0034-6748
- 1089-7623
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Reactor system for the study of high-temperature short-time sintering of nanoparticles
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 75
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '26155'
author:
- first_name: A.
full_name: Messerer, A.
last_name: Messerer
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: C.
full_name: Knab, C.
last_name: Knab
- first_name: U.
full_name: Pöschl, U.
last_name: Pöschl
- first_name: R.
full_name: Nießner, R.
last_name: Nießner
citation:
ama: Messerer A, Schmid H-J, Knab C, Pöschl U, Nießner R. Erhöhung der Abscheidung
ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten
Katalysatorstrukturen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 2004;76(8):1092-1096.
doi:10.1002/cite.200403418
apa: Messerer, A., Schmid, H.-J., Knab, C., Pöschl, U., & Nießner, R. (2004).
Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung
auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik,
76(8), 1092–1096. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418
bibtex: '@article{Messerer_Schmid_Knab_Pöschl_Nießner_2004, title={Erhöhung der
Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten
Katalysatorstrukturen}, volume={76}, DOI={10.1002/cite.200403418},
number={8}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Messerer, A. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim and Knab, C. and Pöschl, U. and Nießner, R.}, year={2004}, pages={1092–1096}
}'
chicago: 'Messerer, A., Hans-Joachim Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, and R. Nießner.
“Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung
auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen.” Chemie Ingenieur Technik
76, no. 8 (2004): 1092–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200403418.'
ieee: 'A. Messerer, H.-J. Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, and R. Nießner, “Erhöhung
der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf
metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen,” Chemie Ingenieur Technik,
vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1092–1096, 2004, doi: 10.1002/cite.200403418.'
mla: Messerer, A., et al. “Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln
durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen.”
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 76, no. 8, 2004, pp. 1092–96, doi:10.1002/cite.200403418.
short: A. Messerer, H.-J. Schmid, C. Knab, U. Pöschl, R. Nießner, Chemie Ingenieur
Technik 76 (2004) 1092–1096.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:16:29Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1002/cite.200403418
intvolume: ' 76'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: ger
page: 1092-1096
publication: Chemie Ingenieur Technik
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-286X
- 1522-2640
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Erhöhung der Abscheidung ultrafeiner Dieselrußpartikeln durch Mikrokugelbeschichtung
auf metallträgerbasierten Katalysatorstrukturen
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 76
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '26156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Electro-hydrodynamic two-phase flows are encountered in various applications,
e.g. electrically enhanced coating, electrostatic precipitation or toner application.
In all cases there is a complex interaction between a turbulent flow field, a
strong electric field, a corona discharge and the particle motion. This paper
starts with an overview and classification of possible modelling approaches for
all major phenomena. Afterwards the manuscript focuses on the modelling of particle
dynamics: A Lagrangian, continuous random walk model is compared with an Eulerian
approach for a number of test cases. The study is mostly focused on fine particles,
i.e. roughly smaller than 100 μm in diameter for the Lagrangian approach and smaller
than about 10 μm in the case of Eulerian modelling. It is shown that a local turbulent
dispersion coefficient may be derived based on flow field calculations with a
constant of proportionality identical to the Lagrangian random walk model. In
this case the turbulent dispersion is equally described by both models even for
inhomogeneous turbulence. For a superimposed particle drift velocity a model equation
introduced by Csanady gives a reasonable agreement. Finally it is shown that modelling
of the charging kinetics is a very crucial point in Eulerian modelling. This is
demonstrated for the example of electrostatic precipitation where good agreement
between Lagrangian and Eulerian modelling is achieved only if local particle charging
kinetics is accounted for. Even though Lagrangian particle tracking is still superior
in terms of physical modelling of electro-hydrodynamic particulate flows, it is
shown that an Eulerian approach may lead to reasonable results with substantially
reduced numerical effort.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Vogel, Lutz
last_name: Vogel
citation:
ama: 'Schmid H-J, Vogel L. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach. Powder
Technology. 2003;135/136:118-135. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009'
apa: 'Schmid, H.-J., & Vogel, L. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics
in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
modelling approach. Powder Technology, 135/136, 118–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009'
bibtex: '@article{Schmid_Vogel_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics
in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
modelling approach}, volume={135/136}, DOI={10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009},
journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Vogel, Lutz}, year={2003},
pages={118–135} }'
chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle
Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
Modelling Approach.” Powder Technology 135/136 (2003): 118–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009.'
ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid and L. Vogel, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in
electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling
approach,” Powder Technology, vol. 135/136, pp. 118–135, 2003, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009.'
mla: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics
in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
Modelling Approach.” Powder Technology, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 118–35,
doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009.'
short: H.-J. Schmid, L. Vogel, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 118–135.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:18:08Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009
language:
- iso: eng
page: 118-135
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields:
I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach'
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 135/136
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '26157'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A simulation method is applied to calculate particle dynamics in electrostatic
precipitators as characterised by particle flux density and concentration profiles
in arbitrary channel cross-sections and flux density profiles of dust precipitated
at the collecting electrodes (CEs). A simple statistical model allows the determination
of confidence intervals for flux profiles. First, a ‘standard case’ considering
full coupling of all physical phenomena occurring in this problem, i.e., electric
field, flow field and particle dynamics is simulated. Subsequently, this standard
case is compared to simulations with one quantity (e.g., electric field strength,
turbulence intensity) substituted by a mean value which is homogeneously distributed
in the precipitation zone. This reveals the relevance of the various physical
phenomena: It turned out that the secondary flows had only a minor influence on
the overall particle precipitation although they cause some ‘patterning’ of local
precipitation. Turbulence inhomogeneity shows a stronger effect on particle dynamics.
However, the electric field appears to be by far the most important quantity in
simulating particle dynamics. Consequently, in order to achieve most reasonable
simulation results for a given numerical effort most attention has to be devoted
to field calculations, including correct boundary conditions.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: 'Schmid H-J. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation.
Powder Technology. 2003;135/136:136-149. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010'
apa: 'Schmid, H.-J. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation.
Powder Technology, 135/136, 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010'
bibtex: '@article{Schmid_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics
in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic
precipitation}, volume={135/136}, DOI={10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010},
journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2003}, pages={136–149}
}'
chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic
Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.”
Powder Technology 135/136 (2003): 136–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010.'
ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation,”
Powder Technology, vol. 135/136, pp. 136–149, 2003, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010.'
mla: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic
Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.”
Powder Technology, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 136–49, doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010.'
short: H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 136–149.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:19:46Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010
language:
- iso: eng
page: 136-149
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields:
II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 135/136
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '26158'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Rasche technologische Entwicklungen haben für Chemieingenieure bzw. Verfahrenstechniker
neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten eröffnet, wodurch sich zusätzliche Anforderungen
an die Ausbildung ergeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Lösungsansätze
im Fachgebiet der Partikeltechnik: Es findet eine noch stärkere Betonung der Grundlagen
statt, wobei Beispiele aus klassischen und neuen Anwendungen exemplarisch vertieft
werden. Kernpunkt des Curriculums sind die Produkteigenschaften. Besonderes Gewicht
wird außerdem auf die Betrachtung ganzer Prozesse gelegt. Die Vorlesungen sind
in drei Ebenen strukturiert: Grundlagen, Grundoperationen und Prozesse/Anwendungen.
Methodisch wird ein zweifacher Ansatz verfolgt: Die Lehre der grundlegenden Fakten
wird ergänzt durch eine aktive Teilnahme der Studenten, insbesondere bei der Erarbeitung
von Beispielen und in Labor- bzw. Rechnerpraktika. Durch eine ganzheitliche Sicht
der Universitätsausbildung sollen auch „soft skills“ gefördert werden.'
author:
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: Peukert W, Schmid H-J. Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen
Verfahrenstechnik. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 2003;75(3):177-183. doi:10.1002/cite.200390035
apa: Peukert, W., & Schmid, H.-J. (2003). Herausforderungen für die Lehre am
Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik. Chemie Ingenieur Technik,
75(3), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035
bibtex: '@article{Peukert_Schmid_2003, title={Herausforderungen für die Lehre am
Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1002/cite.200390035},
number={3}, journal={Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, author={Peukert, W. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim}, year={2003}, pages={177–183} }'
chicago: 'Peukert, W., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Herausforderungen Für Die Lehre
Am Beispiel Der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik.” Chemie Ingenieur Technik
75, no. 3 (2003): 177–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390035.'
ieee: 'W. Peukert and H.-J. Schmid, “Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel
der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik,” Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 75,
no. 3, pp. 177–183, 2003, doi: 10.1002/cite.200390035.'
mla: Peukert, W., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Herausforderungen Für Die Lehre Am Beispiel
Der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik.” Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 75,
no. 3, 2003, pp. 177–83, doi:10.1002/cite.200390035.
short: W. Peukert, H.-J. Schmid, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 75 (2003) 177–183.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:22:46Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1002/cite.200390035
intvolume: ' 75'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 177-183
publication: Chemie Ingenieur Technik
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0009-286X
- 1522-2640
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Herausforderungen für die Lehre am Beispiel der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 75
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '26159'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A population balance model is presented, which tracks particle growth in
the gas phase and accounts for simultaneous agglomeration and sintering: Simulations
reveal the evolution of the full distribution of a volume equivalent diameter
and, amongst others, the evolution of the agglomerate collision diameter, a mean
primary particle size and the number of primary particles per agglomerate. Furthermore,
assuming fractal behaviour of the growing agglomerate particles—for the first
time—a model for the evolution of a mean value of the fractal dimension based
on physical and process parameters is proposed and incorporated into the simulation
model. PARSIVAL, a commercial solver for integro-differential equations is employed
to solve the equations involved. It is based on a generalised finite-element scheme
with self-adaptive grid- and order construction. Calculations are performed to
validate the model against monodisperse and sectional models published in literature
for the exemplary case of Si production. The results are in good agreement if
the same simplifying assumptions are made. However, results obtained from the
new model for both—isothermal and non-isothermal process conditions—clearly show
that it is important to consider the changing fractal dimension in many cases.'
author:
- first_name: C.
full_name: Artelt, C.
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: W.
full_name: Peukert, W.
last_name: Peukert
citation:
ama: Artelt C, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. On the relevance of accounting for the evolution
of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations. Journal of Aerosol
Science. 2003;34(5):511-534. doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3
apa: Artelt, C., Schmid, H.-J., & Peukert, W. (2003). On the relevance of accounting
for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations. Journal
of Aerosol Science, 34(5), 511–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3
bibtex: '@article{Artelt_Schmid_Peukert_2003, title={On the relevance of accounting
for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations}, volume={34},
DOI={10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3},
number={5}, journal={Journal of Aerosol Science}, author={Artelt, C. and Schmid,
Hans-Joachim and Peukert, W.}, year={2003}, pages={511–534} }'
chicago: 'Artelt, C., Hans-Joachim Schmid, and W. Peukert. “On the Relevance of
Accounting for the Evolution of the Fractal Dimension in Aerosol Process Simulations.”
Journal of Aerosol Science 34, no. 5 (2003): 511–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3.'
ieee: 'C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert, “On the relevance of accounting
for the evolution of the fractal dimension in aerosol process simulations,” Journal
of Aerosol Science, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 511–534, 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3.'
mla: Artelt, C., et al. “On the Relevance of Accounting for the Evolution of the
Fractal Dimension in Aerosol Process Simulations.” Journal of Aerosol Science,
vol. 34, no. 5, 2003, pp. 511–34, doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3.
short: C. Artelt, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Journal of Aerosol Science 34 (2003)
511–534.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:24:37Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00005-3
intvolume: ' 34'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 511-534
publication: Journal of Aerosol Science
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8502
publication_status: published
status: public
title: On the relevance of accounting for the evolution of the fractal dimension in
aerosol process simulations
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 34
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '26160'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Thermal charging of submicron and nanometer particles has been studied for
model aerosols of TiO2 and SiO2 as well as Al-Si (aluminosilicate) at 1 000 °C
with a new quasi in-situ technique. The size dependence of the particle separation
efficiency for electrostatic precipitation was determined. The charging state
of the particles was obtained from evaluating the global Deutsch number for precipitation
in an electric field applied to a laminar flow based on particle trajectory considerations.
author:
- first_name: Annette
full_name: Schiel, Annette
last_name: Schiel
- first_name: Alfred P.
full_name: Weber, Alfred P.
last_name: Weber
- first_name: Gerhard
full_name: Kasper, Gerhard
last_name: Kasper
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
id: '464'
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: Schiel A, Weber AP, Kasper G, Schmid H-J. In-Situ Determination of the Charging
of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures. Particle & Particle
Systems Characterization. 2002;19(6):410-418. doi:10.1002/ppsc.200290004
apa: Schiel, A., Weber, A. P., Kasper, G., & Schmid, H.-J. (2002). In-Situ Determination
of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures. Particle
& Particle Systems Characterization, 19(6), 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004
bibtex: '@article{Schiel_Weber_Kasper_Schmid_2002, title={In-Situ Determination
of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures}, volume={19},
DOI={10.1002/ppsc.200290004},
number={6}, journal={Particle & Particle Systems Characterization}, author={Schiel,
Annette and Weber, Alfred P. and Kasper, Gerhard and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2002},
pages={410–418} }'
chicago: 'Schiel, Annette, Alfred P. Weber, Gerhard Kasper, and Hans-Joachim Schmid.
“In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at
High Temperatures.” Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 19,
no. 6 (2002): 410–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200290004.'
ieee: 'A. Schiel, A. P. Weber, G. Kasper, and H.-J. Schmid, “In-Situ Determination
of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures,” Particle
& Particle Systems Characterization, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 410–418, 2002,
doi: 10.1002/ppsc.200290004.'
mla: Schiel, Annette, et al. “In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer
and Submicron Particles at High Temperatures.” Particle & Particle Systems
Characterization, vol. 19, no. 6, 2002, pp. 410–18, doi:10.1002/ppsc.200290004.
short: A. Schiel, A.P. Weber, G. Kasper, H.-J. Schmid, Particle & Particle Systems
Characterization 19 (2002) 410–418.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:26:13Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1002/ppsc.200290004
intvolume: ' 19'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 410-418
publication: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0934-0866
publication_status: published
status: public
title: In-Situ Determination of the Charging of Nanometer and Submicron Particles
at High Temperatures
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 19
year: '2002'
...