@article{33672,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
               <jats:p>Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform, we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage <jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $V_{\pi/2}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:msub>
                           <mml:mi>V</mml:mi>
                           <mml:mrow>
                              <mml:mi>π</mml:mi>
                              <mml:mrow>
                                 <mml:mo>/</mml:mo>
                              </mml:mrow>
                              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
                           </mml:mrow>
                        </mml:msub>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula> of these modulators increases, due to the decrease in the electro-optic effect, by 74% for the phase modulator, 84% for the directional coupler and 35% for the polarisation converter below 8.5<jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\,\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:mrow>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi>
                        </mml:mrow>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula>. The phase modulator preserves its broadband nature and modulates light in the characterised wavelength range. The unbiased bar state of the directional coupler changed by a wavelength shift of 85<jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\,\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:mrow>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi>
                        </mml:mrow>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula> while cooling the device down to 5<jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\,\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:mrow>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi>
                        </mml:mrow>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn4.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula>. The polarisation converter uses periodic poling to phasematch the two orthogonal polarisations. The phasematched wavelength of the utilised poling changes by 112<jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\,\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:mrow>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi>
                        </mml:mrow>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn5.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula> when cooling to 5<jats:inline-formula>
                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\,\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>
                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
                        <mml:mrow>
                           <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi>
                        </mml:mrow>
                     </mml:math>
                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpphotonac6c63ieqn6.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
                  </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and vom Bruch, Felix and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Hummel, Thomas and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2515-7647}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Physics: Photonics}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{IOP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33673,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have become an integral part of quantum optics in recent years because of their high performance in single photon detection. We present a method to replace the electrical input by supplying the required bias current via the photocurrent of a photodiode situated on the cold stage of the cryostat. Light is guided to the bias photodiode through an optical fiber, which enables a lower thermal conduction and galvanic isolation between room temperature and the cold stage. We show that an off-the-shelf InGaAs–InP photodiode exhibits a responsivity of at least 0.55 A/W at 0.8 K. Using this device to bias an SNSPD, we characterize the count rate dependent on the optical power incident on the photodiode. This configuration of the SNSPD and photodiode shows an expected plateau in the single photon count rate with an optical bias power on the photodiode above 6.8 µW. Furthermore, we compare the same detector under both optical and electrical bias, and show there is no significant changes in performance. This has the advantage of avoiding an electrical input cable, which reduces the latent heat load by a factor of 100 and, in principle, allows for low loss RF current supply at the cold stage. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  journal      = {{APL Photonics}},
  keywords     = {{Computer Networks and Communications, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Opto-electronic bias of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector using a cryogenic photodiode}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0097506}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{43744,
  abstract     = {{We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally complex correlations in the photon numbers of two-mode quantum states using measurement-induced nonlinearity. For this, we combine the interference of coherent states and single photons with photon sub-traction.}},
  author       = {{Meier, Torsten and Hoepker, Jan Philipp and Protte, Maximilian and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}},
  booktitle    = {{Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Applications and Technology}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-957171-05-0}},
  location     = {{San Jose, California United States}},
  pages        = {{JTu3A. 17}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Two-Mode Photon-Number Correlations Created by Measurement-Induced Nonlinearity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.JTu3A.17}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33965,
  author       = {{Bocchini, Adriana and Gerstmann, Uwe and Bartley, Tim and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Henkel, Gerald and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}},
  journal      = {{Phys. Rev. Materials}},
  pages        = {{105401}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society}},
  title        = {{{Electrochemical performance of KTiOAsO_4 (KTA) in potassium-ion batteries from density-functional theory}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.105401}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33670,
  author       = {{Schapeler, Timon and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2469-9926}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Information extraction in photon-counting experiments}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.106.013701}},
  volume       = {{106}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{23728,
  abstract     = {{We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently coupled photons of 1550 nm wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore, we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices.}},
  author       = {{Höpker, Jan Philipp and Verma, Varun B and Protte, Maximilian and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn, Christine and Mirin, Richard P and Woo Nam, Sae and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2515-7647}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Physics: Photonics}},
  pages        = {{034022}},
  title        = {{{Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{26221,
  author       = {{Bartnick, Moritz and Santandrea, Matteo and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Thiele, Frederik and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2331-7019}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Applied}},
  title        = {{{Cryogenic Second-Harmonic Generation in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevapplied.15.024028}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{54400,
  abstract     = {{The zip file includes the data on which the figures of Journal of Physics Communications 5, 045002 (2021) ( https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/abeec2 ) are based and a sample plot file for Figure 1.}},
  author       = {{Riabinin, Matvei and Sharapova, Polina and Bartley, Tim and Meier, Torsten}},
  publisher    = {{LibreCat University}},
  title        = {{{Generating two-mode squeezing with multimode measurement-induced nonlinearity}}},
  doi          = {{10.5281/ZENODO.5507558}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{21547,
  author       = {{Riabinin, Matvei and Sharapova, Polina and Bartley, Tim and Meier, Torsten}},
  issn         = {{2399-6528}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Physics Communications}},
  number       = {{4}},
  title        = {{{Generating two-mode squeezing with multimode measurement-induced nonlinearity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/2399-6528/abeec2}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23727,
  author       = {{Schapeler, Timon and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{0953-2048}},
  journal      = {{Superconductor Science and Technology}},
  title        = {{{Quantum detector tomography of a high dynamic-range superconducting nanowire single-photon detector}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1361-6668/abee9a}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{20157,
  author       = {{Thiele, Frederik and vom Bruch, Felix and Quiring, Victor and Ricken, Raimund and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  title        = {{{Cryogenic electro-optic polarisation conversion in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.399818}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{21719,
  abstract     = {{We fabricate silicon tapers to increase the mode overlap of superconducting detectors on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. Mode images show a reduction in mode size from 6 µm to 2 µm FWHM, agreeing with beam propagation simulations.}},
  author       = {{Protte, Maximilian and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Albert, Maximilian and Quiring, Viktor and Meier, Cedrik and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  booktitle    = {{OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference}},
  isbn         = {{9781943580811}},
  keywords     = {{tet_topic_waveguide}},
  title        = {{{Towards Semiconductor-Superconductor-Crystal Hybrid Integration for Quantum Photonics}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/quantum.2020.qth7a.8}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{37933,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>We present a time-over-threshold readout technique to count the number of activated pixels from an array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). This technique places no additional heatload on the cryostat, and retains the intrinsic count rate of the time-tagger. We demonstrate proof-of-principle operation with respect to a four-pixel device. Furthermore, we show that, given some permissible error threshold, the number of pixels that can be reliably read out scales linearly with the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio of the individual pixel response.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Tiedau, Johannes and Schapeler, Timon and Anant, Vikas and Fedder, Helmut and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  keywords     = {{Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Single-channel electronic readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.383111}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{20156,
  author       = {{Schapeler, Timon and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  title        = {{{Quantum detector tomography of a 2×2 multi-pixel array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.404285}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{9635,
  author       = {{Meyer-Scott, Evan and Prasannan, Nidhin and Montaut, Nicola and Tiedau, Johannes and Eigner, Christof and Harder, Georg and Sansoni, Linda and Nitsche, Thomas and Herrmann, Harald and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Bartley, Tim and Barkhofen, Sonja and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  booktitle    = {{Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication XII}},
  editor       = {{Hasan, Zameer U. and Hemmer, Philip R. and Migdall, Alan L.}},
  isbn         = {{9781510625082}},
  title        = {{{Engineering integrated photon pair sources and multiplexed detectors (Conference Presentation)}}},
  doi          = {{10.1117/12.2513753}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{9826,
  author       = {{Tiedau, Johannes and Meyer-Scott, Evan and Nitsche, Thomas and Barkhofen, Sonja and Bartley, Tim and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  title        = {{{A high dynamic range optical detector for measuring single photons and bright light}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.27.000001}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{16113,
  author       = {{Tiedau, Johannes and Bartley, Tim and Harder, Georg and Lita, Adriana E. and Nam, Sae Woo and Gerrits, Thomas and Silberhorn, Christine}},
  issn         = {{2469-9926}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  title        = {{{Scalability of parametric down-conversion for generating higher-order Fock states}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.100.041802}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{16112,
  author       = {{Höpker, Jan Philipp and Gerrits, Thomas and Lita, Adriana and Krapick, Stephan and Herrmann, Harald and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Mirin, Richard and Nam, Sae Woo and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  journal      = {{APL Photonics}},
  title        = {{{Integrated transition edge sensors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/1.5086276}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@unpublished{16945,
  author       = {{Riabinin, Matvei and Sharapova, Polina and Bartley, Tim and Meier, Torsten}},
  keywords     = {{pc2-ressources}},
  title        = {{{Generating two-mode squeezing and Schrödinger cat states with multimode measurement-induced nonlinearity}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@unpublished{22884,
  abstract     = {{Measurement-induced nonclassical effects in a two-mode interferometer are
investigated theoretically using numerical simulations and analytical results.
We demonstrate that for certain parameters measurements within the
interferometer lead to the occurrence of two-mode squeezing. The results
strongly depend on the detection probability, the phase inside the
interferometer, and the choice of the input states. The appropriate parameters
for maximized squeezing are obtained. We analyze the influence of losses and
confirm that the predicted effects are within reach of current experimental
techniques.}},
  author       = {{Riabinin, Matvei and Sharapova, Polina and Bartley, Tim and Meier, Torsten}},
  booktitle    = {{arXiv:1912.09097}},
  title        = {{{Generating two-mode squeezing with multimode measurement-induced nonlinearity}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

