[{"publisher":"AIP Publishing","date_created":"2026-01-05T10:00:58Z","title":"Practical considerations for assignment of photon numbers with SNSPDs","issue":"1","year":"2026","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"APL Quantum","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) can enable photon-number resolution (PNR) based on accurate measurements of the detector’s response time to few-photon optical pulses. In this work, we investigate the impact of the optical pulse shape and duration on the accuracy of this method. We find that Gaussian temporal pulse shapes yield cleaner arrival-time histograms and, thus, more accurate PNR, compared to bandpass-filtered pulses of equal bandwidth. For low system jitter and an optical pulse duration comparable to the other jitter contributions, photon numbers can be discriminated in our system with a commercial SNSPD. At 60 ps optical pulse duration, photon-number discrimination is significantly reduced. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of using the correct arrival-time histogram model when analyzing photon-number assignment. Using exponentially modified Gaussian distributions, instead of the commonly used Gaussian distributions, we can more accurately determine photon-number misidentification probabilities. Finally, we reconstruct the positive operator-valued measures of the detector, revealing sharp features that indicate the intrinsic PNR capabilities.</jats:p>"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-25T08:00:27Z","oa":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Timon","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler"},{"full_name":"Mischke, Isabell","last_name":"Mischke","first_name":"Isabell"},{"last_name":"Schlue","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian","id":"63579","first_name":"Fabian"},{"last_name":"Stefszky","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","id":"42777","first_name":"Michael"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","last_name":"Brecht","id":"27150","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim"}],"volume":3,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1063/5.0304127","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2835-0103"]},"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Schapeler_Mischke_Schlue_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_Bartley_2026, title={Practical considerations for assignment of photon numbers with SNSPDs}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">10.1063/5.0304127</a>}, number={1016102}, journal={APL Quantum}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Schapeler, Timon and Mischke, Isabell and Schlue, Fabian and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2026} }","mla":"Schapeler, Timon, et al. “Practical Considerations for Assignment of Photon Numbers with SNSPDs.” <i>APL Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, 016102, AIP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">10.1063/5.0304127</a>.","short":"T. Schapeler, I. Mischke, F. Schlue, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, APL Quantum 3 (2026).","apa":"Schapeler, T., Mischke, I., Schlue, F., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2026). Practical considerations for assignment of photon numbers with SNSPDs. <i>APL Quantum</i>, <i>3</i>(1), Article 016102. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127</a>","ieee":"T. Schapeler <i>et al.</i>, “Practical considerations for assignment of photon numbers with SNSPDs,” <i>APL Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 016102, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">10.1063/5.0304127</a>.","chicago":"Schapeler, Timon, Isabell Mischke, Fabian Schlue, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Practical Considerations for Assignment of Photon Numbers with SNSPDs.” <i>APL Quantum</i> 3, no. 1 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127</a>.","ama":"Schapeler T, Mischke I, Schlue F, et al. Practical considerations for assignment of photon numbers with SNSPDs. <i>APL Quantum</i>. 2026;3(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304127\">10.1063/5.0304127</a>"},"intvolume":"         3","project":[{"name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191"},{"_id":"239","name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications"}],"_id":"63451","user_id":"27150","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"288"}],"article_number":"016102","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Modulation conditioned on measurements on entangled photonic quantum states is a cornerstone technology of optical quantum information processing. Performing this task with low latency requires combining single-photon-level detectors with both electronic logic processing and optical modulation in close proximity. Here, we demonstrate low-latency feedforward using a quasi-photon-number-resolved measurement on a quantum light source. Specifically, we use a multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, amplifier, logic, and an integrated electro-optic modulator <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ</jats:italic> below 4 K. We modulate the signal mode of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, conditional on a photon-number measurement of the idler mode, with a total latency of (23±3)ns. Furthermore, we investigate the resulting change in the photon statistics. This represents an important benchmark for the fastest quantum photonic feedforward experiments comprising measurement, amplification, logic, and modulation. This has direct applications in quantum computing, communication, and simulation protocols.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Optica","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"720","user_id":"56843","_id":"60136","intvolume":"        12","citation":{"ieee":"F. Thiele <i>et al.</i>, “Cryogenic feedforward of a photonic quantum state,” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 12, no. 5, Art. no. 720, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">10.1364/optica.551287</a>.","chicago":"Thiele, Frederik, Niklas Lamberty, Thomas Hummel, Nina Amelie Lange, Lorenzo Manuel Procopio Peña, Aishi Barua, Sebastian Lengeling, et al. “Cryogenic Feedforward of a Photonic Quantum State.” <i>Optica</i> 12, no. 5 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287</a>.","ama":"Thiele F, Lamberty N, Hummel T, et al. Cryogenic feedforward of a photonic quantum state. <i>Optica</i>. 2025;12(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">10.1364/optica.551287</a>","short":"F. Thiele, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, N.A. Lange, L.M. Procopio Peña, A. Barua, S. Lengeling, V. Quiring, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optica 12 (2025).","mla":"Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Cryogenic Feedforward of a Photonic Quantum State.” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 12, no. 5, 720, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">10.1364/optica.551287</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Thiele_Lamberty_Hummel_Lange_Procopio Peña_Barua_Lengeling_Quiring_Eigner_Silberhorn_et al._2025, title={Cryogenic feedforward of a photonic quantum state}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">10.1364/optica.551287</a>}, number={5720}, journal={Optica}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Thiele, Frederik and Lamberty, Niklas and Hummel, Thomas and Lange, Nina Amelie and Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel and Barua, Aishi and Lengeling, Sebastian and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and et al.}, year={2025} }","apa":"Thiele, F., Lamberty, N., Hummel, T., Lange, N. A., Procopio Peña, L. M., Barua, A., Lengeling, S., Quiring, V., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2025). Cryogenic feedforward of a photonic quantum state. <i>Optica</i>, <i>12</i>(5), Article 720. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.551287</a>"},"year":"2025","issue":"5","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2334-2536"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1364/optica.551287","title":"Cryogenic feedforward of a photonic quantum state","volume":12,"date_created":"2025-06-04T18:34:16Z","author":[{"full_name":"Thiele, Frederik","id":"50819","last_name":"Thiele","orcid":"0000-0003-0663-5587","first_name":"Frederik"},{"full_name":"Lamberty, Niklas","id":"75307","last_name":"Lamberty","first_name":"Niklas"},{"first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0001-8627-2119","last_name":"Hummel","id":"83846","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Nina Amelie","last_name":"Lange","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-7098","id":"56843","full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie"},{"last_name":"Procopio Peña","id":"105816","full_name":"Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel","first_name":"Lorenzo Manuel"},{"first_name":"Aishi","id":"104502","full_name":"Barua, Aishi","last_name":"Barua"},{"id":"44373","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","last_name":"Lengeling","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Quiring","full_name":"Quiring, Viktor","first_name":"Viktor"},{"first_name":"Christof","last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","id":"13244"},{"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683"}],"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_updated":"2025-06-12T09:56:47Z"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"name":"QuESADILLA: ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications","_id":"239","grant_number":"101042399","call_identifier":"ERC"},{"name":"PhoQuant--QCTest: PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191","grant_number":"13N16103"}],"_id":"60587","user_id":"55629","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"editor":[{"first_name":"Mark A.","full_name":"Itzler, Mark A.","last_name":"Itzler"},{"first_name":"K. Alex","last_name":"McIntosh","full_name":"McIntosh, K. Alex"},{"last_name":"Bienfang","full_name":"Bienfang, Joshua C.","first_name":"Joshua C."}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX","title":"Optimizing photon-number resolution with superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors","doi":"10.1117/12.3054905","publisher":"SPIE","date_updated":"2025-07-11T09:22:11Z","date_created":"2025-07-11T09:18:09Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","first_name":"Timon"},{"id":"63579","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian","last_name":"Schlue","first_name":"Fabian"},{"first_name":"Michael","id":"42777","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","last_name":"Stefszky"},{"full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","last_name":"Brecht","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683"}],"year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Schapeler T, Schlue F, Stefszky M, Brecht B, Silberhorn C, Bartley T. Optimizing photon-number resolution with superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors. In: Itzler MA, McIntosh KA, Bienfang JC, eds. <i>Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX</i>. SPIE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">10.1117/12.3054905</a>","chicago":"Schapeler, Timon, Fabian Schlue, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Optimizing Photon-Number Resolution with Superconducting Nanowire Multi-Photon Detectors.” In <i>Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX</i>, edited by Mark A. Itzler, K. Alex McIntosh, and Joshua C. Bienfang. SPIE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905</a>.","ieee":"T. Schapeler, F. Schlue, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, and T. Bartley, “Optimizing photon-number resolution with superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors,” in <i>Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">10.1117/12.3054905</a>.","apa":"Schapeler, T., Schlue, F., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2025). Optimizing photon-number resolution with superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors. In M. A. Itzler, K. A. McIntosh, &#38; J. C. Bienfang (Eds.), <i>Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX</i>. SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905</a>","mla":"Schapeler, Timon, et al. “Optimizing Photon-Number Resolution with Superconducting Nanowire Multi-Photon Detectors.” <i>Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX</i>, edited by Mark A. Itzler et al., SPIE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">10.1117/12.3054905</a>.","short":"T. Schapeler, F. Schlue, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, in: M.A. Itzler, K.A. McIntosh, J.C. Bienfang (Eds.), Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX, SPIE, 2025.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schapeler_Schlue_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025, title={Optimizing photon-number resolution with superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054905\">10.1117/12.3054905</a>}, booktitle={Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIX}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Schapeler, Timon and Schlue, Fabian and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, editor={Itzler, Mark A. and McIntosh, K. Alex and Bienfang, Joshua C.}, year={2025} }"},"publication_status":"published"},{"article_number":"086113","article_type":"original","_id":"61110","project":[{"name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191"},{"name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications","_id":"239"}],"department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"}],"user_id":"55629","status":"public","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1063/5.0273752","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-02T10:47:08Z","volume":10,"author":[{"first_name":"Mariia","full_name":"Sidorova, Mariia","last_name":"Sidorova"},{"id":"55629","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler","first_name":"Timon"},{"first_name":"Alexej D.","last_name":"Semenov","full_name":"Semenov, Alexej D."},{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian","id":"63579","last_name":"Schlue"},{"last_name":"Stefszky","id":"42777","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","id":"27150","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","last_name":"Brecht"},{"first_name":"Christine","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"intvolume":"        10","citation":{"ama":"Sidorova M, Schapeler T, Semenov AD, et al. Jitter in photon-number-resolved detection by superconducting nanowires. <i>APL Photonics</i>. 2025;10(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">10.1063/5.0273752</a>","chicago":"Sidorova, Mariia, Timon Schapeler, Alexej D. Semenov, Fabian Schlue, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Jitter in Photon-Number-Resolved Detection by Superconducting Nanowires.” <i>APL Photonics</i> 10, no. 8 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752</a>.","ieee":"M. Sidorova <i>et al.</i>, “Jitter in photon-number-resolved detection by superconducting nanowires,” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 8, Art. no. 086113, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">10.1063/5.0273752</a>.","apa":"Sidorova, M., Schapeler, T., Semenov, A. D., Schlue, F., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2025). Jitter in photon-number-resolved detection by superconducting nanowires. <i>APL Photonics</i>, <i>10</i>(8), Article 086113. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752</a>","short":"M. Sidorova, T. Schapeler, A.D. Semenov, F. Schlue, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, APL Photonics 10 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Sidorova_Schapeler_Semenov_Schlue_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025, title={Jitter in photon-number-resolved detection by superconducting nanowires}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">10.1063/5.0273752</a>}, number={8086113}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Sidorova, Mariia and Schapeler, Timon and Semenov, Alexej D. and Schlue, Fabian and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }","mla":"Sidorova, Mariia, et al. “Jitter in Photon-Number-Resolved Detection by Superconducting Nanowires.” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 8, 086113, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273752\">10.1063/5.0273752</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2378-0967"]},"publication_status":"published","keyword":["Jitter","PNR","SNSPD"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["arXiv:2503.17146"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>By analyzing the physics of multi-photon absorption in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), we identify physical components of jitter. From this, we formulate a quantitative physical model of the multi-photon detector response that combines the local detection mechanism and local fluctuations (hotspot formation and intrinsic jitter) with the thermoelectric dynamics of resistive domains. Our model provides an excellent description of the arrival-time histogram of a commercial SNSPD across several orders of magnitude, both in arrival-time probability and across mean photon number. This is achieved with just three fitting parameters: the scaling of the mean arrival time of voltage response pulses, as well as the Gaussian and exponential jitter components. Our findings have important implications for photon-number-resolving detector design, as well as applications requiring low jitter, such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR).</jats:p>"}],"publication":"APL Photonics","title":"Jitter in photon-number-resolved detection by superconducting nanowires","publisher":"AIP Publishing","date_created":"2025-09-01T11:12:19Z","year":"2025","issue":"8"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at room temperature. Nevertheless, compatibility with certain quantum light sources and superconducting detectors requires operation under cryogenic conditions. We characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm, under cryogenic conditions. Despite the effects of pyroelectricity and photorefraction, the spectral properties match our theoretical model. Nevertheless, these effects cause small but significant variations within and between cooling cycles. These measurements provide a first benchmark against which other nonlinear photonic integration platforms, such as thin-film lithium niobate, can be compared."}],"publication":"Optics Express","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2025","issue":"24","title":"Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides","date_created":"2025-11-20T10:35:35Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","article_number":"50451","user_id":"49683","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"288"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren","_id":"171"}],"_id":"62269","citation":{"chicago":"Lange, Nina Amelie, Sebastian Lengeling, Philipp Mues, Viktor Quiring, Werner Ridder, Christof Eigner, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Cryogenic Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Optics Express</i> 33, no. 24 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108</a>.","ieee":"N. A. Lange <i>et al.</i>, “Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 24, Art. no. 50451, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">10.1364/oe.578108</a>.","ama":"Lange NA, Lengeling S, Mues P, et al. Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2025;33(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">10.1364/oe.578108</a>","short":"N.A. Lange, S. Lengeling, P. Mues, V. Quiring, W. Ridder, C. Eigner, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optics Express 33 (2025).","mla":"Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Cryogenic Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 24, 50451, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">10.1364/oe.578108</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Lange_Lengeling_Mues_Quiring_Ridder_Eigner_Herrmann_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025, title={Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">10.1364/oe.578108</a>}, number={2450451}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Quiring, Viktor and Ridder, Werner and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }","apa":"Lange, N. A., Lengeling, S., Mues, P., Quiring, V., Ridder, W., Eigner, C., Herrmann, H., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2025). Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>33</i>(24), Article 50451. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108</a>"},"intvolume":"        33","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1364/oe.578108","author":[{"first_name":"Nina Amelie","id":"56843","full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-7098","last_name":"Lange"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Lengeling","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","id":"44373"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0643-7636","last_name":"Mues","full_name":"Mues, Philipp","id":"49772","first_name":"Philipp"},{"first_name":"Viktor","last_name":"Quiring","full_name":"Quiring, Viktor"},{"first_name":"Werner","id":"63574","full_name":"Ridder, Werner","last_name":"Ridder"},{"first_name":"Christof","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","id":"13244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","last_name":"Eigner"},{"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Herrmann","id":"216","full_name":"Herrmann, Harald"},{"first_name":"Christine","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"},{"first_name":"Tim","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley"}],"volume":33,"oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-12-12T12:13:45Z"},{"year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Brockmeier J, Schapeler T, Lange NA, et al. Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes. <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>","chicago":"Brockmeier, Julian, Timon Schapeler, Nina Amelie Lange, Jan Philipp Höpker, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Harnessing Temporal Dispersion for Integrated Pump Filtering in Spontaneous Heralded Single-Photon Generation Processes.” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>.","ieee":"J. Brockmeier <i>et al.</i>, “Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes,” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>.","apa":"Brockmeier, J., Schapeler, T., Lange, N. A., Höpker, J. P., Herrmann, H., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2025). Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes. <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>","mla":"Brockmeier, Julian, et al. “Harnessing Temporal Dispersion for Integrated Pump Filtering in Spontaneous Heralded Single-Photon Generation Processes.” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>.","short":"J. Brockmeier, T. Schapeler, N.A. Lange, J.P. Höpker, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, New Journal of Physics (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Brockmeier_Schapeler_Lange_Höpker_Herrmann_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025, title={Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c\">10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c</a>}, journal={New Journal of Physics}, author={Brockmeier, Julian and Schapeler, Timon and Lange, Nina Amelie and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }"},"date_updated":"2025-12-15T09:21:29Z","oa":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Brockmeier","id":"44807","full_name":"Brockmeier, Julian"},{"first_name":"Timon","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","last_name":"Schapeler","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716"},{"full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie","id":"56843","last_name":"Lange","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-7098","first_name":"Nina Amelie"},{"id":"33913","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker","first_name":"Jan Philipp"},{"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Herrmann","full_name":"Herrmann, Harald","id":"216"},{"first_name":"Christine","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"},{"first_name":"Tim","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley"}],"date_created":"2025-06-30T08:58:37Z","title":"Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c","type":"journal_article","publication":"New Journal of Physics","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"171","name":"TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren"}],"_id":"60466","user_id":"56843","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication":"Physical Review Applied","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>We apply principal component analysis (PCA) to a set of electrical output signals from a commercially available superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) to investigate their photon-number-resolving capability. We find that the rising edge as well as the amplitude of the electrical signal have the most dependence on photon number. Accurately measuring the rising edge while simultaneously measuring the voltage of the pulse amplitude maximizes the photon-number resolution of SNSPDs. Using an optimal basis of principal components, we show unambiguous discrimination between one- and two-photon events, as well as partial resolution up to five photons. This expands the use case of SNSPDs to photon-counting experiments, without the need of detector multiplexing architectures.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1","year":"2024","date_created":"2024-07-11T07:23:08Z","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","title":"Electrical trace analysis of superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detectors","type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"55629","_id":"55174","project":[{"_id":"239","name":"QuESADILLA: ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications","grant_number":"101042399","call_identifier":"ERC"},{"_id":"191","name":"PhoQuant--QCTest: PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","grant_number":"13N16103"}],"article_number":"014024","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        22","citation":{"mla":"Schapeler, Timon, et al. “Electrical Trace Analysis of Superconducting Nanowire Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 1, 014024, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>.","short":"T. Schapeler, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, F. Schlue, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Physical Review Applied 22 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Schapeler_Lamberty_Hummel_Schlue_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_Bartley_2024, title={Electrical trace analysis of superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detectors}, volume={22}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>}, number={1014024}, journal={Physical Review Applied}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Schapeler, Timon and Lamberty, Niklas and Hummel, Thomas and Schlue, Fabian and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","apa":"Schapeler, T., Lamberty, N., Hummel, T., Schlue, F., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Electrical trace analysis of superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detectors. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, <i>22</i>(1), Article 014024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>","ama":"Schapeler T, Lamberty N, Hummel T, et al. Electrical trace analysis of superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detectors. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2024;22(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>","ieee":"T. Schapeler <i>et al.</i>, “Electrical trace analysis of superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detectors,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 1, Art. no. 014024, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>.","chicago":"Schapeler, Timon, Niklas Lamberty, Thomas Hummel, Fabian Schlue, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Electrical Trace Analysis of Superconducting Nanowire Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i> 22, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024</a>."},"volume":22,"author":[{"last_name":"Schapeler","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","id":"55629","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","first_name":"Timon"},{"last_name":"Lamberty","full_name":"Lamberty, Niklas","first_name":"Niklas"},{"last_name":"Hummel","orcid":"0000-0001-8627-2119","id":"83846","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Schlue","id":"63579","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","id":"42777","last_name":"Stefszky"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","id":"27150","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 "},{"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263"},{"first_name":"Tim","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley"}],"date_updated":"2024-07-11T09:36:00Z","oa":"1","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.014024","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}]},{"year":"2024","intvolume":"         9","citation":{"ama":"Thiele F, Lamberty N, Hummel T, Bartley T. Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector. <i>APL Photonics</i>. 2024;9(7). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">10.1063/5.0209458</a>","chicago":"Thiele, Frederik, Niklas Lamberty, Thomas Hummel, and Tim Bartley. “Optical Bias and Cryogenic Laser Readout of a Multipixel Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector.” <i>APL Photonics</i> 9, no. 7 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458</a>.","ieee":"F. Thiele, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, and T. Bartley, “Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector,” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 9, no. 7, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">10.1063/5.0209458</a>.","apa":"Thiele, F., Lamberty, N., Hummel, T., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector. <i>APL Photonics</i>, <i>9</i>(7). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458</a>","bibtex":"@article{Thiele_Lamberty_Hummel_Bartley_2024, title={Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">10.1063/5.0209458</a>}, number={7}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Thiele, Frederik and Lamberty, Niklas and Hummel, Thomas and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","short":"F. Thiele, N. Lamberty, T. Hummel, T. Bartley, APL Photonics 9 (2024).","mla":"Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Optical Bias and Cryogenic Laser Readout of a Multipixel Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector.” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 9, no. 7, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209458\">10.1063/5.0209458</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2378-0967"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"7","title":"Optical bias and cryogenic laser readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector","doi":"10.1063/5.0209458","date_updated":"2024-09-17T09:01:59Z","publisher":"AIP Publishing","volume":9,"date_created":"2024-08-06T06:51:41Z","author":[{"full_name":"Thiele, Frederik","id":"50819","orcid":"0000-0003-0663-5587","last_name":"Thiele","first_name":"Frederik"},{"first_name":"Niklas","full_name":"Lamberty, Niklas","last_name":"Lamberty"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8627-2119","last_name":"Hummel","id":"83846","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Cryogenic opto-electronic interconnects are gaining increasing interest as a means to control and readout cryogenic electronic components. The challenge is to achieve sufficient signal integrity with low heat load processing. In this context, we demonstrate the opto-electronic bias and readout of a commercial four-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array using a cryogenic photodiode and laser. We show that this approach has a similar system detection efficiency to a conventional bias. Furthermore, multi-pixel detection events are faithfully converted between the optical and electrical domains, which allows reliable extraction of amplitude multiplexed photon statistics. Our device has a latent heat load of 2.6 mW, maintains a signal rise time of 3 ns, and operates in free-running (self-resetting) mode at a repetition rate of 600 kHz. This demonstrates the potential of high-bandwidth, low noise, and low heat load opto-electronic interconnects for scalable cryogenic signal processing and transmission.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"APL Photonics","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"55553","user_id":"50819"},{"keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy"],"article_number":"L012043","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"52876","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"}],"user_id":"48188","status":"public","publication":"Physical Review Research","type":"journal_article","title":"Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","date_updated":"2025-12-04T13:38:49Z","volume":6,"author":[{"first_name":"Christian","id":"43994","full_name":"Arends, Christian","last_name":"Arends"},{"full_name":"Wolf, Lasse Lennart","id":"45027","orcid":"0000-0001-8893-2045","last_name":"Wolf","first_name":"Lasse Lennart"},{"full_name":"Meinecke, Jasmin","last_name":"Meinecke","first_name":"Jasmin"},{"id":"48188","full_name":"Barkhofen, Sonja","last_name":"Barkhofen","first_name":"Sonja"},{"full_name":"Weich, Tobias","id":"49178","last_name":"Weich","orcid":"0000-0002-9648-6919","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Tim","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley"}],"date_created":"2024-03-26T08:52:05Z","year":"2024","intvolume":"         6","citation":{"apa":"Arends, C., Wolf, L. L., Meinecke, J., Barkhofen, S., Weich, T., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>6</i>(1), Article L012043. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>","short":"C. Arends, L.L. Wolf, J. Meinecke, S. Barkhofen, T. Weich, T. Bartley, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","mla":"Arends, Christian, et al. “Decomposing Large Unitaries into Multimode Devices of Arbitrary Size.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, L012043, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Arends_Wolf_Meinecke_Barkhofen_Weich_Bartley_2024, title={Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>}, number={1L012043}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Arends, Christian and Wolf, Lasse Lennart and Meinecke, Jasmin and Barkhofen, Sonja and Weich, Tobias and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","ama":"Arends C, Wolf LL, Meinecke J, Barkhofen S, Weich T, Bartley T. Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>","ieee":"C. Arends, L. L. Wolf, J. Meinecke, S. Barkhofen, T. Weich, and T. Bartley, “Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. L012043, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>.","chicago":"Arends, Christian, Lasse Lennart Wolf, Jasmin Meinecke, Sonja Barkhofen, Tobias Weich, and Tim Bartley. “Decomposing Large Unitaries into Multimode Devices of Arbitrary Size.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 6, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012043</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1"},{"project":[{"name":"TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren","_id":"171"}],"_id":"51356","user_id":"56843","article_number":"015402","keyword":["General Earth and Planetary Sciences","General Environmental Science"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Materials for Quantum Technology","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>Lithium niobate has emerged as a promising platform for integrated quantum optics, enabling efficient generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light. However, integrating single-photon detectors requires cryogenic operating temperatures, since the best performing detectors are based on narrow superconducting wires. While previous studies have demonstrated the operation of quantum light sources and electro-optic modulators in LiNbO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> at cryogenic temperatures, the thermal transition between room temperature and cryogenic conditions introduces additional effects that can significantly influence device performance. In this paper, we investigate the generation of pyroelectric charges and their impact on the optical properties of lithium niobate waveguides when changing from room temperature to 25 K, and vice versa. We measure the generated pyroelectric charge flow and correlate this with fast changes in the birefringence acquired through the Sénarmont-method. Both electrical and optical influence of the pyroelectric effect occur predominantly at temperatures above 100 K.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2025-12-15T09:23:02Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-0663-5587","last_name":"Thiele","id":"50819","full_name":"Thiele, Frederik","first_name":"Frederik"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"83846","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","last_name":"Hummel","orcid":"0000-0001-8627-2119"},{"first_name":"Nina Amelie","full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie","id":"56843","last_name":"Lange","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-7098"},{"last_name":"Dreher","full_name":"Dreher, Felix","first_name":"Felix"},{"first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","last_name":"Protte"},{"full_name":"Bruch, Felix vom","last_name":"Bruch","first_name":"Felix vom"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","id":"44373","last_name":"Lengeling"},{"first_name":"Harald","id":"216","full_name":"Herrmann, Harald","last_name":"Herrmann"},{"first_name":"Christof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","last_name":"Eigner","id":"13244","full_name":"Eigner, Christof"},{"last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","first_name":"Christine"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim"}],"date_created":"2024-02-16T07:56:44Z","volume":4,"title":"Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics","doi":"10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2633-4356"]},"issue":"1","year":"2024","citation":{"chicago":"Thiele, Frederik, Thomas Hummel, Nina Amelie Lange, Felix Dreher, Maximilian Protte, Felix vom Bruch, Sebastian Lengeling, et al. “Pyroelectric Influence on Lithium Niobate during the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics.” <i>Materials for Quantum Technology</i> 4, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>.","ieee":"F. Thiele <i>et al.</i>, “Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics,” <i>Materials for Quantum Technology</i>, vol. 4, no. 1, Art. no. 015402, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>.","ama":"Thiele F, Hummel T, Lange NA, et al. Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics. <i>Materials for Quantum Technology</i>. 2024;4(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>","short":"F. Thiele, T. Hummel, N.A. Lange, F. Dreher, M. Protte, F. vom Bruch, S. Lengeling, H. Herrmann, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Materials for Quantum Technology 4 (2024).","mla":"Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Pyroelectric Influence on Lithium Niobate during the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics.” <i>Materials for Quantum Technology</i>, vol. 4, no. 1, 015402, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Thiele_Hummel_Lange_Dreher_Protte_Bruch_Lengeling_Herrmann_Eigner_Silberhorn_et al._2024, title={Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>}, number={1015402}, journal={Materials for Quantum Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Lange, Nina Amelie and Dreher, Felix and Protte, Maximilian and Bruch, Felix vom and Lengeling, Sebastian and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and et al.}, year={2024} }","apa":"Thiele, F., Hummel, T., Lange, N. A., Dreher, F., Protte, M., Bruch, F. vom, Lengeling, S., Herrmann, H., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics. <i>Materials for Quantum Technology</i>, <i>4</i>(1), Article 015402. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d</a>"},"intvolume":"         4"},{"publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_created":"2024-04-04T08:43:18Z","title":"Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing","issue":"1","year":"2024","external_id":{"arxiv":["2404.02844"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Quantum Science and Technology","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"At large scales, quantum systems may become advantageous over their classical counterparts at performing certain tasks. Developing tools to analyze these systems at the relevant scales, in a manner consistent with quantum mechanics, is therefore critical to benchmarking performance and characterizing their operation. While classical computational approaches cannot perform like-for-like computations of quantum systems beyond a certain scale, classical high-performance computing (HPC) may nevertheless be useful for precisely these characterization and certification tasks. By developing open-source customized algorithms using high-performance computing, we perform quantum tomography on a megascale quantum photonic detector covering a Hilbert space of 106. This requires finding 108 elements of the matrix corresponding to the positive operator valued measure (POVM), the quantum description of the detector, and is achieved in minutes of computation time. Moreover, by exploiting the structure of the problem, we achieve highly efficient parallel scaling, paving the way for quantum objects up to a system size of 1012 elements to be reconstructed using this method. In general, this shows that a consistent quantum mechanical description of quantum phenomena is applicable at everyday scales. More concretely, this enables the reconstruction of large-scale quantum sources, processes and detectors used in computation and sampling tasks, which may be necessary to prove their nonclassical character or quantum computational advantage."}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-12-16T11:32:12Z","author":[{"first_name":"Timon","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler"},{"first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0002-6268-5397","last_name":"Schade","full_name":"Schade, Robert","id":"75963"},{"last_name":"Lass","orcid":"0000-0002-5708-7632","full_name":"Lass, Michael","id":"24135","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Plessl","orcid":"0000-0001-5728-9982","id":"16153","full_name":"Plessl, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim"}],"volume":10,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511","citation":{"ieee":"T. Schapeler, R. Schade, M. Lass, C. Plessl, and T. Bartley, “Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>.","chicago":"Schapeler, Timon, Robert Schade, Michael Lass, Christian Plessl, and Tim Bartley. “Scalable Quantum Detector Tomography by High-Performance Computing.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i> 10, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>.","ama":"Schapeler T, Schade R, Lass M, Plessl C, Bartley T. Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. 2024;10(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>","short":"T. Schapeler, R. Schade, M. Lass, C. Plessl, T. Bartley, Quantum Science and Technology 10 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Schapeler_Schade_Lass_Plessl_Bartley_2024, title={Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>}, number={1}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Schapeler, Timon and Schade, Robert and Lass, Michael and Plessl, Christian and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","mla":"Schapeler, Timon, et al. “Scalable Quantum Detector Tomography by High-Performance Computing.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>.","apa":"Schapeler, T., Schade, R., Lass, M., Plessl, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, <i>10</i>(1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad8511</a>"},"intvolume":"        10","project":[{"_id":"52","name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"},{"name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications","_id":"239"},{"name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191"}],"_id":"53202","user_id":"55629","department":[{"_id":"27"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-12-18T17:06:27Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","author":[{"last_name":"Protte","id":"46170","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","first_name":"Timon"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683"}],"date_created":"2024-01-25T11:48:02Z","volume":2,"title":"Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1364/opticaq.502201","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2837-6714"]},"issue":"1","year":"2024","citation":{"chicago":"Protte, Maximilian, Timon Schapeler, Jan Sperling, and Tim Bartley. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i> 2, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","ieee":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, and T. Bartley, “Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","ama":"Protte M, Schapeler T, Sperling J, Bartley T. Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>. 2024;2(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","apa":"Protte, M., Schapeler, T., Sperling, J., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>, <i>2</i>(1), Article 1. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","mla":"Protte, Maximilian, et al. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, 1, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","short":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, T. Bartley, Optica Quantum 2 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Protte_Schapeler_Sperling_Bartley_2024, title={Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>}, number={11}, journal={Optica Quantum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Protte, Maximilian and Schapeler, Timon and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }"},"intvolume":"         2","project":[{"name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191"},{"_id":"239","name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications"},{"_id":"209","name":"ISOQC: Quantenkommunikation mit integrierter Optik im Zusammenhang mit supraleitender Elektronik"}],"_id":"50840","user_id":"55629","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"article_number":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Optica Quantum","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely used to study the discrete nature of quantum states of light in the form of photon-counting experiments. We show that SNSPDs can also be used to study continuous variables of optical quantum states by performing homodyne detection at a bandwidth of 400 kHz. By measuring the interference of a continuous-wave field of a local oscillator with the field of the vacuum state using two SNSPDs, we show that the variance of the difference in count rates is linearly proportional to the photon flux of the local oscillator over almost five orders of magnitude. The resulting shot-noise clearance of (46.0 ± 1.1) dB is the highest reported clearance for a balanced optical homodyne detector, demonstrating their potential for measuring highly squeezed states in the continuous-wave regime. In addition, we measured a CMRR = 22.4 dB. From the joint click counting statistics, we also measure the phase-dependent quadrature of a weak coherent state to demonstrate our device’s functionality as a homodyne detector.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"year":"2023","intvolume":"        31","citation":{"apa":"Thiele, F., Hummel, T., McCaughan, A. N., Brockmeier, J., Protte, M., Quiring, V., Lengeling, S., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2023). All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>31</i>(20), Article 32717. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035</a>","bibtex":"@article{Thiele_Hummel_McCaughan_Brockmeier_Protte_Quiring_Lengeling_Eigner_Silberhorn_Bartley_2023, title={All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface}, volume={31}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">10.1364/oe.492035</a>}, number={2032717}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and McCaughan, Adam N. and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Quiring, Victor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2023} }","mla":"Thiele, Frederik, et al. “All Optical Operation of a Superconducting Photonic Interface.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 31, no. 20, 32717, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">10.1364/oe.492035</a>.","short":"F. Thiele, T. Hummel, A.N. McCaughan, J. Brockmeier, M. Protte, V. Quiring, S. Lengeling, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optics Express 31 (2023).","ieee":"F. Thiele <i>et al.</i>, “All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 31, no. 20, Art. no. 32717, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">10.1364/oe.492035</a>.","chicago":"Thiele, Frederik, Thomas Hummel, Adam N. McCaughan, Julian Brockmeier, Maximilian Protte, Victor Quiring, Sebastian Lengeling, Christof Eigner, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “All Optical Operation of a Superconducting Photonic Interface.” <i>Optics Express</i> 31, no. 20 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035</a>.","ama":"Thiele F, Hummel T, McCaughan AN, et al. All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2023;31(20). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.492035\">10.1364/oe.492035</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"20","title":"All optical operation of a superconducting photonic interface","doi":"10.1364/oe.492035","date_updated":"2023-11-27T08:43:33Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","volume":31,"author":[{"last_name":"Thiele","orcid":"0000-0003-0663-5587","id":"50819","full_name":"Thiele, Frederik","first_name":"Frederik"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Hummel","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","id":"83846"},{"full_name":"McCaughan, Adam N.","last_name":"McCaughan","first_name":"Adam N."},{"last_name":"Brockmeier","id":"44807","full_name":"Brockmeier, Julian","first_name":"Julian"},{"full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","id":"46170","last_name":"Protte","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"full_name":"Quiring, Victor","last_name":"Quiring","first_name":"Victor"},{"last_name":"Lengeling","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","id":"44373","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","id":"13244","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","first_name":"Christof"},{"first_name":"Christine","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"date_created":"2023-10-24T06:43:16Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Quantum photonic processing via electro-optic components typically requires electronic links across different operation environments, especially when interfacing cryogenic components such as superconducting single photon detectors with room-temperature control and readout electronics. However, readout and driving electronics can introduce detrimental parasitic effects. Here we show an all-optical control and readout of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD), completely electrically decoupled from room temperature electronics. We provide the operation power for the superconducting detector via a cryogenic photodiode, and readout single photon detection signals via a cryogenic electro-optic modulator in the same cryostat. This method opens the possibility for control and readout of superconducting circuits, and feedforward for photonic quantum computing.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Optics Express","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics"],"article_number":"32717","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"48399","user_id":"50819"},{"title":"Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device","date_created":"2023-04-18T05:47:22Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","year":"2023","issue":"8","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Mechanical Engineering","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","General Chemistry","Bioengineering"],"ddc":["530"],"file":[{"file_size":1315966,"file_id":"44045","file_name":"acs.nanolett.2c04980.pdf","access_level":"closed","date_updated":"2023-04-18T05:50:19Z","date_created":"2023-04-18T05:50:19Z","creator":"zentgraf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Dispersion is present in every optical setup and is often an undesired effect, especially in nonlinear-optical experiments where ultrashort laser pulses are needed. Typically, bulky pulse compressors consisting of gratings or prisms are used\r\nto address this issue by precompensating the dispersion of the optical components. However, these devices are only able to compensate for a part of the dispersion (second-order dispersion). Here, we present a compact pulse-shaping device that uses plasmonic metasurfaces to apply an arbitrarily designed spectral phase delay allowing for a full dispersion control. Furthermore, with specific phase encodings, this device can be used to temporally reshape the incident laser pulses into more complex pulse forms such as a double pulse. We verify the performance of our device by using an SHG-FROG measurement setup together with a retrieval algorithm to extract the dispersion that our device applies to an incident laser pulse."}],"publication":"Nano Letters","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980"}],"volume":23,"author":[{"full_name":"Geromel, René","last_name":"Geromel","first_name":"René"},{"last_name":"Georgi","full_name":"Georgi, Philip","first_name":"Philip"},{"first_name":"Maximilian","last_name":"Protte","id":"46170","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Shiwei","full_name":"Lei, Shiwei","last_name":"Lei"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Lingling"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","first_name":"Thomas"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-05-12T11:17:51Z","intvolume":"        23","page":"3196 - 3201","citation":{"ama":"Geromel R, Georgi P, Protte M, et al. Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2023;23(8):3196-3201. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>","chicago":"Geromel, René, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Shiwei Lei, Tim Bartley, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device.” <i>Nano Letters</i> 23, no. 8 (2023): 3196–3201. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>.","ieee":"R. Geromel <i>et al.</i>, “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3196–3201, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>.","mla":"Geromel, René, et al. “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 23, no. 8, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023, pp. 3196–201, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Geromel_Georgi_Protte_Lei_Bartley_Huang_Zentgraf_2023, title={Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device}, volume={23}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>}, number={8}, journal={Nano Letters}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Lei, Shiwei and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2023}, pages={3196–3201} }","short":"R. Geromel, P. Georgi, M. Protte, S. Lei, T. Bartley, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf, Nano Letters 23 (2023) 3196–3201.","apa":"Geromel, R., Georgi, P., Protte, M., Lei, S., Bartley, T., Huang, L., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2023). Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device. <i>Nano Letters</i>, <i>23</i>(8), 3196–3201. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1530-6984","1530-6992"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2023-04-18T05:50:19Z","funded_apc":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"30525","_id":"44044","project":[{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142","_id":"53"},{"_id":"55","name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B09: TRR 142 - Subproject B09","_id":"170"},{"_id":"171","name":"TRR 142 - C07: TRR 142 - Subproject C07"},{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article"},{"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"30525","series_title":"Technical Digest Series","_id":"46485","project":[{"grant_number":"231447078","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"_id":"55","name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B"},{"_id":"170","name":"TRR 142 - B09: TRR 142 - Effiziente Erzeugung mit maßgeschneiderter optischer Phaselage der zweiten Harmonischen mittels Quasi-gebundener Zustände in GaAs Metaoberflächen (B09*)","grant_number":"231447078"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"FTh4D.3","publication":"CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023","type":"conference","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a miniaturized pulse shaping device that creates an arbitrary dispersion through the interaction of multiple metasurfaces on less than 2 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> volume. For this, a metalens and a grating-metasurface between two silver mirrors are fabricated. The grating contains further phase information to achieve the device's pulse shaping functionality."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Geromel","full_name":"Geromel, René","first_name":"René"},{"last_name":"Georgi","full_name":"Georgi, Philip","first_name":"Philip"},{"first_name":"Maximilian","last_name":"Protte","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","id":"46170"},{"last_name":"Bartley","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","first_name":"Tim"},{"first_name":"Lingling","last_name":"Huang","full_name":"Huang, Lingling"},{"first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"}],"date_created":"2023-08-14T08:19:22Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_updated":"2023-08-14T08:22:31Z","conference":{"name":"CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023","start_date":"2023-05-07","end_date":"2023-05-12","location":"San Jose, USA"},"doi":"10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3","title":"Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Geromel R, Georgi P, Protte M, Bartley T, Huang L, Zentgraf T. Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces. In: <i>CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023</i>. Technical Digest Series. Optica Publishing Group; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>","ieee":"R. Geromel, P. Georgi, M. Protte, T. Bartley, L. Huang, and T. Zentgraf, “Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces,” presented at the CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023, San Jose, USA, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>.","chicago":"Geromel, René, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Tim Bartley, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Dispersion Control with Integrated Plasmonic Metasurfaces.” In <i>CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023</i>. Technical Digest Series. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>.","apa":"Geromel, R., Georgi, P., Protte, M., Bartley, T., Huang, L., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2023). Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces. <i>CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023</i>, Article FTh4D.3. CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023, San Jose, USA. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>","mla":"Geromel, René, et al. “Dispersion Control with Integrated Plasmonic Metasurfaces.” <i>CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023</i>, FTh4D.3, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Geromel_Georgi_Protte_Bartley_Huang_Zentgraf_2023, series={Technical Digest Series}, title={Dispersion control with integrated plasmonic metasurfaces}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3\">10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4d.3</a>}, number={FTh4D.3}, booktitle={CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2023}, collection={Technical Digest Series} }","short":"R. Geromel, P. Georgi, M. Protte, T. Bartley, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf, in: CLEO: Fundamental Science 2023, Optica Publishing Group, 2023."},"year":"2023"},{"publication":"Optics Express","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) show near unity efficiency, low dark count rate, and short recovery time. Combining these characteristics with temporal control of SNSPDs broadens their applications as in active de-latching for higher dynamic range counting or temporal filtering for pump-probe spectroscopy or LiDAR. To that end, we demonstrate active gating of an SNSPD with a minimum off-to-on rise time of 2.4 ns and a total gate length of 5.0 ns. We show how the rise time depends on the inductance of the detector in combination with the control electronics. The gate window is demonstrated to be fully and freely, electrically tunable up to 500 ns at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz, as well as ungated, free-running operation. Control electronics to generate the gating are mounted on the 2.3 K stage of a closed-cycle sorption cryostat, while the detector is operated on the cold stage at 0.8 K. We show that the efficiency and timing jitter of the detector is not altered during the on-time of the gating window. We exploit gated operation to demonstrate a method to increase in the photon counting dynamic range by a factor 11.2, as well as temporal filtering of a strong pump in an emulated pump-probe experiment.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","_id":"36471","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"642"}],"user_id":"48188","keyword":["Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics"],"article_number":"610","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","year":"2023","intvolume":"        31","citation":{"chicago":"Hummel, Thomas, Alex Widhalm, Jan Philipp Höpker, Klaus Jöns, Jin Chang, Andreas Fognini, Stephan Steinhauer, Val Zwiller, Artur Zrenner, and Tim Bartley. “Nanosecond Gating of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors Using Cryogenic Bias Circuitry.” <i>Optics Express</i> 31, no. 1 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058</a>.","ieee":"T. Hummel <i>et al.</i>, “Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 31, no. 1, Art. no. 610, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">10.1364/oe.472058</a>.","ama":"Hummel T, Widhalm A, Höpker JP, et al. Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2023;31(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">10.1364/oe.472058</a>","bibtex":"@article{Hummel_Widhalm_Höpker_Jöns_Chang_Fognini_Steinhauer_Zwiller_Zrenner_Bartley_2023, title={Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry}, volume={31}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">10.1364/oe.472058</a>}, number={1610}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Hummel, Thomas and Widhalm, Alex and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Jöns, Klaus and Chang, Jin and Fognini, Andreas and Steinhauer, Stephan and Zwiller, Val and Zrenner, Artur and Bartley, Tim}, year={2023} }","short":"T. Hummel, A. Widhalm, J.P. Höpker, K. Jöns, J. Chang, A. Fognini, S. Steinhauer, V. Zwiller, A. Zrenner, T. Bartley, Optics Express 31 (2023).","mla":"Hummel, Thomas, et al. “Nanosecond Gating of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors Using Cryogenic Bias Circuitry.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 31, no. 1, 610, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">10.1364/oe.472058</a>.","apa":"Hummel, T., Widhalm, A., Höpker, J. P., Jöns, K., Chang, J., Fognini, A., Steinhauer, S., Zwiller, V., Zrenner, A., &#38; Bartley, T. (2023). Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>31</i>(1), Article 610. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.472058</a>"},"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","date_updated":"2025-12-11T13:05:14Z","volume":31,"date_created":"2023-01-12T14:46:40Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-8627-2119","last_name":"Hummel","id":"83846","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Widhalm","full_name":"Widhalm, Alex","first_name":"Alex"},{"id":"33913","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker","first_name":"Jan Philipp"},{"first_name":"Klaus","full_name":"Jöns, Klaus","id":"85353","last_name":"Jöns"},{"first_name":"Jin","full_name":"Chang, Jin","last_name":"Chang"},{"first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Fognini, Andreas","last_name":"Fognini"},{"first_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Steinhauer, Stephan","last_name":"Steinhauer"},{"last_name":"Zwiller","full_name":"Zwiller, Val","first_name":"Val"},{"id":"606","full_name":"Zrenner, Artur","last_name":"Zrenner","orcid":"0000-0002-5190-0944","first_name":"Artur"},{"id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"title":"Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry","doi":"10.1364/oe.472058"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review A","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"023701","user_id":"56843","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"}],"project":[{"_id":"171","name":"TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren"}],"_id":"46468","citation":{"ama":"Lange NA, Schapeler T, Höpker JP, Protte M, Bartley T. Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2023;108(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>","ieee":"N. A. Lange, T. Schapeler, J. P. Höpker, M. Protte, and T. Bartley, “Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 108, no. 2, Art. no. 023701, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>.","chicago":"Lange, Nina Amelie, Timon Schapeler, Jan Philipp Höpker, Maximilian Protte, and Tim Bartley. “Degenerate Photons from a Cryogenic Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion Source.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 108, no. 2 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Lange_Schapeler_Höpker_Protte_Bartley_2023, title={Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source}, volume={108}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>}, number={2023701}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Schapeler, Timon and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}, year={2023} }","mla":"Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Degenerate Photons from a Cryogenic Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion Source.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 108, no. 2, 023701, American Physical Society (APS), 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>.","short":"N.A. Lange, T. Schapeler, J.P. Höpker, M. Protte, T. Bartley, Physical Review A 108 (2023).","apa":"Lange, N. A., Schapeler, T., Höpker, J. P., Protte, M., &#38; Bartley, T. (2023). Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>108</i>(2), Article 023701. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701</a>"},"intvolume":"       108","year":"2023","issue":"2","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"doi":"10.1103/physreva.108.023701","title":"Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source","author":[{"full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie","id":"56843","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-7098","last_name":"Lange","first_name":"Nina Amelie"},{"first_name":"Timon","last_name":"Schapeler","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629"},{"first_name":"Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker","id":"33913","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp"},{"id":"46170","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","last_name":"Protte","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"date_created":"2023-08-10T07:34:54Z","volume":108,"date_updated":"2025-12-15T09:24:16Z","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)"},{"type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"}],"user_id":"30525","_id":"26747","file_date_updated":"2021-10-25T06:42:52Z","article_number":"2101781","article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2195-1071","2195-1071"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        10","citation":{"ama":"Lu J, Sain B, Georgi P, Protte M, Bartley T, Zentgraf T. A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response. <i>Advanced Optical Materials</i>. 2022;10(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">10.1002/adom.202101781</a>","ieee":"J. Lu, B. Sain, P. Georgi, M. Protte, T. Bartley, and T. Zentgraf, “A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response,” <i>Advanced Optical Materials</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 2101781, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">10.1002/adom.202101781</a>.","chicago":"Lu, Jinlong, Basudeb Sain, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Tim Bartley, and Thomas Zentgraf. “A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response.” <i>Advanced Optical Materials</i> 10, no. 1 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781</a>.","short":"J. Lu, B. Sain, P. Georgi, M. Protte, T. Bartley, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Optical Materials 10 (2022).","bibtex":"@article{Lu_Sain_Georgi_Protte_Bartley_Zentgraf_2022, title={A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">10.1002/adom.202101781</a>}, number={12101781}, journal={Advanced Optical Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lu, Jinlong and Sain, Basudeb and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2022} }","mla":"Lu, Jinlong, et al. “A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response.” <i>Advanced Optical Materials</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, 2101781, Wiley, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">10.1002/adom.202101781</a>.","apa":"Lu, J., Sain, B., Georgi, P., Protte, M., Bartley, T., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2022). A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response. <i>Advanced Optical Materials</i>, <i>10</i>(1), Article 2101781. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101781</a>"},"volume":10,"author":[{"first_name":"Jinlong","full_name":"Lu, Jinlong","last_name":"Lu"},{"first_name":"Basudeb","last_name":"Sain","full_name":"Sain, Basudeb"},{"full_name":"Georgi, Philip","last_name":"Georgi","first_name":"Philip"},{"last_name":"Protte","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Tim","id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley"},{"last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-28T08:26:45Z","oa":"1","doi":"10.1002/adom.202101781","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.202101781","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"Advanced Optical Materials","file":[{"date_updated":"2021-10-25T06:42:52Z","date_created":"2021-10-25T06:42:52Z","creator":"zentgraf","file_size":2801333,"access_level":"closed","file_id":"26748","file_name":"AdvOptMat_Lu_2021.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Metasurfaces provide applications for a variety of flat elements and devices due to the ability to modulate light with subwavelength structures. The working principle meanwhile gives rise to the crucial problem and challenge to protect the metasurface from dust or clean the unavoidable contaminants during daily usage. Here, taking advantage of the intelligent bioinspired surfaces which exhibit self-cleaning properties, a versatile dielectric metasurface benefiting from the obtained superhydrophilic or quasi-superhydrophobic states is shown. The design is realized by embedding the metasurface inside a large area of wettability supporting structures, which is highly efficient in fabrication, and achieves both optical and wettability functionality at the same time. The superhydrophilic state enables an enhanced optical response with water, while the quasi-superhydrophobic state imparts the fragile antennas an ability to self-clean dust contamination. Furthermore, the metasurface can be easily switched and repeated between these two wettability or functional states by appropriate treatments in a repeatable way, without degrading the optical performance. The proposed design strategy will bring new opportunities to smart metasurfaces with improved optical performance, versatility, and physical stability."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2022","date_created":"2021-10-25T06:34:38Z","publisher":"Wiley","title":"A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response"},{"date_created":"2022-10-11T07:14:11Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","title":"Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","issue":"5","year":"2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Materials Chemistry","Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Metals and Alloys","Condensed Matter Physics","Ceramics and Composites"],"publication":"Superconductor Science and Technology","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths ranging from 0.59 <jats:italic>µ</jats:italic>m to 1.43 <jats:italic>µ</jats:italic>m under illumination at 1550 nm. We demonstrate both straight wires, as well as meandered structures. Single-photon sensitivity is shown in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 <jats:italic>µ</jats:italic>m.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Maximilian","id":"46170","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","last_name":"Protte"},{"first_name":"Varun B","full_name":"Verma, Varun B","last_name":"Verma"},{"first_name":"Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp","id":"33913"},{"first_name":"Richard P","last_name":"Mirin","full_name":"Mirin, Richard P"},{"last_name":"Woo Nam","full_name":"Woo Nam, Sae","first_name":"Sae"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683"}],"volume":35,"date_updated":"2023-01-12T13:02:52Z","doi":"10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0953-2048","1361-6668"]},"citation":{"ama":"Protte M, Verma VB, Höpker JP, Mirin RP, Woo Nam S, Bartley T. Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Superconductor Science and Technology</i>. 2022;35(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>","chicago":"Protte, Maximilian, Varun B Verma, Jan Philipp Höpker, Richard P Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, and Tim Bartley. “Laser-Lithographically Written Micron-Wide Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Superconductor Science and Technology</i> 35, no. 5 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>.","ieee":"M. Protte, V. B. Verma, J. P. Höpker, R. P. Mirin, S. Woo Nam, and T. Bartley, “Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,” <i>Superconductor Science and Technology</i>, vol. 35, no. 5, Art. no. 055005, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>.","short":"M. Protte, V.B. Verma, J.P. Höpker, R.P. Mirin, S. Woo Nam, T. Bartley, Superconductor Science and Technology 35 (2022).","mla":"Protte, Maximilian, et al. “Laser-Lithographically Written Micron-Wide Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Superconductor Science and Technology</i>, vol. 35, no. 5, 055005, IOP Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Protte_Verma_Höpker_Mirin_Woo Nam_Bartley_2022, title={Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}, volume={35}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>}, number={5055005}, journal={Superconductor Science and Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Protte, Maximilian and Verma, Varun B and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Mirin, Richard P and Woo Nam, Sae and Bartley, Tim}, year={2022} }","apa":"Protte, M., Verma, V. B., Höpker, J. P., Mirin, R. P., Woo Nam, S., &#38; Bartley, T. (2022). Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Superconductor Science and Technology</i>, <i>35</i>(5), Article 055005. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5338</a>"},"intvolume":"        35","user_id":"33913","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"}],"_id":"33671","article_number":"055005","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2334-2536"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","year":"2022","intvolume":"         9","citation":{"mla":"Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Cryogenic Integrated Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion.” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 9, no. 1, 108, The Optical Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">10.1364/optica.445576</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Lange_Höpker_Ricken_Quiring_Eigner_Silberhorn_Bartley_2022, title={Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">10.1364/optica.445576</a>}, number={1108}, journal={Optica}, publisher={The Optical Society}, author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2022} }","short":"N.A. Lange, J.P. Höpker, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optica 9 (2022).","apa":"Lange, N. A., Höpker, J. P., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2022). Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion. <i>Optica</i>, <i>9</i>(1), Article 108. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576</a>","chicago":"Lange, Nina Amelie, Jan Philipp Höpker, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring, Christof Eigner, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Cryogenic Integrated Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion.” <i>Optica</i> 9, no. 1 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576</a>.","ieee":"N. A. Lange <i>et al.</i>, “Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion,” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 9, no. 1, Art. no. 108, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">10.1364/optica.445576</a>.","ama":"Lange NA, Höpker JP, Ricken R, et al. Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion. <i>Optica</i>. 2022;9(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.445576\">10.1364/optica.445576</a>"},"publisher":"The Optical Society","date_updated":"2023-01-12T13:42:23Z","volume":9,"author":[{"first_name":"Nina Amelie","id":"56843","full_name":"Lange, Nina Amelie","last_name":"Lange"},{"first_name":"Jan Philipp","id":"33913","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker"},{"last_name":"Ricken","full_name":"Ricken, Raimund","first_name":"Raimund"},{"full_name":"Quiring, Viktor","last_name":"Quiring","first_name":"Viktor"},{"full_name":"Eigner, Christof","id":"13244","last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","first_name":"Christof"},{"last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","first_name":"Christine"},{"id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"date_created":"2022-03-16T08:53:22Z","title":"Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion","doi":"10.1364/optica.445576","publication":"Optica","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"30342","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"33913","keyword":["Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Electronic","Optical and Magnetic Materials"],"article_number":"108","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]