---
_id: '62269'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established
for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at
room temperature. Nevertheless, compatibility with certain quantum light sources
and superconducting detectors requires operation under cryogenic conditions. We
characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate
spontaneous parametric down-conversion process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm,
under cryogenic conditions. Despite the effects of pyroelectricity and photorefraction,
the spectral properties match our theoretical model. Nevertheless, these effects
cause small but significant variations within and between cooling cycles. These
measurements provide a first benchmark against which other nonlinear photonic
integration platforms, such as thin-film lithium niobate, can be compared.
article_number: '50451'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nina Amelie
full_name: Lange, Nina Amelie
id: '56843'
last_name: Lange
orcid: 0000-0001-6624-7098
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Mues, Philipp
id: '49772'
last_name: Mues
orcid: 0000-0003-0643-7636
- first_name: Viktor
full_name: Quiring, Viktor
last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Werner
full_name: Ridder, Werner
id: '63574'
last_name: Ridder
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Lange NA, Lengeling S, Mues P, et al. Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency
conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. Optics
Express. 2025;33(24). doi:10.1364/oe.578108
apa: Lange, N. A., Lengeling, S., Mues, P., Quiring, V., Ridder, W., Eigner, C.,
Herrmann, H., Silberhorn, C., & Bartley, T. (2025). Widely non-degenerate
nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate
waveguides. Optics Express, 33(24), Article 50451. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108
bibtex: '@article{Lange_Lengeling_Mues_Quiring_Ridder_Eigner_Herrmann_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025,
title={Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium
in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1364/oe.578108},
number={2450451}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group},
author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Quiring,
Viktor and Ridder, Werner and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn,
Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Lange, Nina Amelie, Sebastian Lengeling, Philipp Mues, Viktor Quiring,
Werner Ridder, Christof Eigner, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim
Bartley. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Cryogenic Titanium
in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” Optics Express 33, no. 24 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108.
ieee: 'N. A. Lange et al., “Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion
in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” Optics Express,
vol. 33, no. 24, Art. no. 50451, 2025, doi: 10.1364/oe.578108.'
mla: Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion
in Cryogenic Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” Optics Express,
vol. 33, no. 24, 50451, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:10.1364/oe.578108.
short: N.A. Lange, S. Lengeling, P. Mues, V. Quiring, W. Ridder, C. Eigner, H. Herrmann,
C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optics Express 33 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-20T10:35:35Z
date_updated: 2025-12-12T12:13:45Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '288'
doi: 10.1364/oe.578108
intvolume: ' 33'
issue: '24'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher
Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren'
publication: Optics Express
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1094-4087
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium
in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '49683'
volume: 33
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '60566'
article_number: '074402'
author:
- first_name: Adriana
full_name: Bocchini, Adriana
id: '58349'
last_name: Bocchini
orcid: 0000-0002-2134-3075
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Rüsing, Michael
id: '22501'
last_name: Rüsing
orcid: 0000-0003-4682-4577
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Bollmers, Laura
id: '61375'
last_name: Bollmers
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Mues, Philipp
id: '49772'
last_name: Mues
orcid: 0000-0003-0643-7636
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Padberg, Laura
id: '40300'
last_name: Padberg
- first_name: Uwe
full_name: Gerstmann, Uwe
id: '171'
last_name: Gerstmann
orcid: 0000-0002-4476-223X
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Wolf Gero
full_name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
id: '468'
last_name: Schmidt
orcid: 0000-0002-2717-5076
citation:
ama: 'Bocchini A, Rüsing M, Bollmers L, et al. Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect
models and impact on domain inversion. Physical Review Materials. 2025;9(7).
doi:10.1103/5wz1-bjyr'
apa: 'Bocchini, A., Rüsing, M., Bollmers, L., Lengeling, S., Mues, P., Padberg,
L., Gerstmann, U., Silberhorn, C., Eigner, C., & Schmidt, W. G. (2025). Mg
dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion. Physical
Review Materials, 9(7), Article 074402. https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr'
bibtex: '@article{Bocchini_Rüsing_Bollmers_Lengeling_Mues_Padberg_Gerstmann_Silberhorn_Eigner_Schmidt_2025,
title={Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion},
volume={9}, DOI={10.1103/5wz1-bjyr},
number={7074402}, journal={Physical Review Materials}, publisher={American Physical
Society (APS)}, author={Bocchini, Adriana and Rüsing, Michael and Bollmers, Laura
and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Padberg, Laura and Gerstmann, Uwe
and Silberhorn, Christine and Eigner, Christof and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}, year={2025}
}'
chicago: 'Bocchini, Adriana, Michael Rüsing, Laura Bollmers, Sebastian Lengeling,
Philipp Mues, Laura Padberg, Uwe Gerstmann, Christine Silberhorn, Christof Eigner,
and Wolf Gero Schmidt. “Mg Dopants in Lithium Niobate: Defect Models and Impact
on Domain Inversion.” Physical Review Materials 9, no. 7 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr.'
ieee: 'A. Bocchini et al., “Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models
and impact on domain inversion,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 9, no.
7, Art. no. 074402, 2025, doi: 10.1103/5wz1-bjyr.'
mla: 'Bocchini, Adriana, et al. “Mg Dopants in Lithium Niobate: Defect Models and
Impact on Domain Inversion.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 9, no. 7,
074402, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:10.1103/5wz1-bjyr.'
short: A. Bocchini, M. Rüsing, L. Bollmers, S. Lengeling, P. Mues, L. Padberg, U.
Gerstmann, C. Silberhorn, C. Eigner, W.G. Schmidt, Physical Review Materials 9
(2025).
date_created: 2025-07-09T09:13:24Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T17:50:06Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '295'
- _id: '790'
- _id: '288'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '35'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '169'
- _id: '27'
doi: 10.1103/5wz1-bjyr
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: adrianab
date_created: 2025-07-09T09:18:45Z
date_updated: 2025-07-10T06:43:34Z
file_id: '60567'
file_name: Mg_dopants_LN_PRM.pdf
file_size: 4175120
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2025-07-10T06:43:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '52'
name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
- _id: '53'
name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden
Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen'
- _id: '55'
name: 'TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B'
- _id: '54'
name: 'TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A'
- _id: '168'
name: 'TRR 142 - B07: TRR 142 - Polaronen-Einfluss auf die optischen Eigenschaften
von Lithiumniobat (B07*)'
- _id: '166'
name: 'TRR 142 - A11: TRR 142 - Subproject A11'
publication: Physical Review Materials
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2475-9953
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
status: public
title: 'Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion'
type: journal_article
user_id: '22501'
volume: 9
year: '2025'
...