[{"title":"Leitbild des Profibereichs Transformation und Bildung","date_updated":"2025-12-13T23:37:21Z","date_created":"2025-12-04T19:16:49Z","author":[{"last_name":"Buhl","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","first_name":"Heike M."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5645-5870","last_name":"Fechner","id":"54823","full_name":"Fechner, Sabine","first_name":"Sabine"},{"first_name":"Bardo","last_name":"Herzig","full_name":"Herzig, Bardo","id":"217"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Jenert, Tobias","id":"71994","orcid":" https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-5646","last_name":"Jenert"},{"last_name":"Kremer","full_name":"Kremer, H. - Hugo","first_name":"H. - Hugo"},{"first_name":"Katharina Justine","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina Justine","id":"50352"},{"first_name":"Christoph","id":"4245","full_name":"Vogelsang, Christoph","last_name":"Vogelsang","orcid":"0000-0002-5804-1855"}],"year":"2024","citation":{"chicago":"Buhl, Heike M., Sabine Fechner, Bardo Herzig, Tobias Jenert, H. - Hugo Kremer, Katharina Justine Rohlfing, and Christoph Vogelsang. <i>Leitbild Des Profibereichs Transformation Und Bildung</i>, 2024.","ieee":"H. M. Buhl <i>et al.</i>, <i>Leitbild des Profibereichs Transformation und Bildung</i>. 2024.","ama":"Buhl HM, Fechner S, Herzig B, et al. <i>Leitbild Des Profibereichs Transformation Und Bildung</i>.; 2024.","short":"H.M. Buhl, S. Fechner, B. Herzig, T. Jenert, H.-H. Kremer, K.J. Rohlfing, C. Vogelsang, Leitbild Des Profibereichs Transformation Und Bildung, 2024.","mla":"Buhl, Heike M., et al. <i>Leitbild Des Profibereichs Transformation Und Bildung</i>. 2024.","bibtex":"@book{Buhl_Fechner_Herzig_Jenert_Kremer_Rohlfing_Vogelsang_2024, title={Leitbild des Profibereichs Transformation und Bildung}, author={Buhl, Heike M. and Fechner, Sabine and Herzig, Bardo and Jenert, Tobias and Kremer, H. - Hugo and Rohlfing, Katharina Justine and Vogelsang, Christoph}, year={2024} }","apa":"Buhl, H. M., Fechner, S., Herzig, B., Jenert, T., Kremer, H.-H., Rohlfing, K. J., &#38; Vogelsang, C. (2024). <i>Leitbild des Profibereichs Transformation und Bildung</i>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["370"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-12-04T19:09:50Z","_id":"62908","user_id":"54823","department":[{"_id":"33"},{"_id":"640"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-12-04T19:09:50Z","date_created":"2025-12-04T19:09:50Z","creator":"fechner","file_size":154137,"file_name":"202405_Leitbild des Profilbereichs Transformation und Bildung.pdf","file_id":"62909","access_level":"closed"}],"status":"public","type":"working_paper"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["HRI","XAI","negation","understanding","explaining","touch interaction","gesture"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Explanation has been identified as an important capability for AI-based systems, but research on systematic strategies for achieving understanding in interaction with such systems is still sparse. Negation is a linguistic strategy that is often used in explanations. It creates a contrast space between the affirmed and the negated item that enriches explaining processes with additional contextual information. While negation in human speech has been shown to lead to higher processing costs and worse task performance in terms of recall or action execution when used in isolation, it can decrease processing costs when used in context. So far, it has not been considered as a guiding strategy for explanations in human-robot interaction. We conducted an empirical study to investigate the use of negation as a guiding strategy in explanatory human-robot dialogue, in which a virtual robot explains tasks and possible actions to a human explainee to solve them in terms of gestures on a touchscreen. Our results show that negation vs. affirmation 1) increases processing costs measured as reaction time and 2) increases several aspects of task performance. While there was no significant effect of negation on the number of initially correctly executed gestures, we found a significantly lower number of attempts—measured as breaks in the finger movement data before the correct gesture was carried out—when being instructed through a negation. We further found that the gestures significantly resembled the presented prototype gesture more following an instruction with a negation as opposed to an affirmation. Also, the participants rated the benefit of contrastive vs. affirmative explanations significantly higher. Repeating the instructions decreased the effects of negation, yielding similar processing costs and task performance measures for negation and affirmation after several iterations. We discuss our results with respect to possible effects of negation on linguistic processing of explanations and limitations of our study."}],"publication":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","title":"Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue","date_created":"2023-10-30T09:29:16Z","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","funded_apc":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"38219","_id":"48543","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)","_id":"115"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184/full","open_access":"1"}],"volume":10,"author":[{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Groß","full_name":"Groß, A."},{"first_name":"Amit","full_name":"Singh, Amit","id":"91018","last_name":"Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-7789-1521"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5946-4542","last_name":"Banh","id":"38219","full_name":"Banh, Ngoc Chi","first_name":"Ngoc Chi"},{"last_name":"Richter","full_name":"Richter, B.","first_name":"B."},{"first_name":"Ingrid","id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"Wrede, B.","last_name":"Wrede"}],"date_updated":"2024-06-26T08:01:50Z","oa":"1","intvolume":"        10","citation":{"apa":"Groß, A., Singh, A., Banh, N. C., Richter, B., Scharlau, I., Rohlfing, K. J., &#38; Wrede, B. (2023). Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, <i>10</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>","short":"A. Groß, A. Singh, N.C. Banh, B. Richter, I. Scharlau, K.J. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, Frontiers in Robotics and AI 10 (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Groß_Singh_Banh_Richter_Scharlau_Rohlfing_Wrede_2023, title={Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, author={Groß, A. and Singh, Amit and Banh, Ngoc Chi and Richter, B. and Scharlau, Ingrid and Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Wrede, B.}, year={2023} }","mla":"Groß, A., et al. “Scaffolding the Human Partner by Contrastive Guidance in an Explanatory Human-Robot Dialogue.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 10, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>.","ama":"Groß A, Singh A, Banh NC, et al. Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>. 2023;10. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>","ieee":"A. Groß <i>et al.</i>, “Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue,” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 10, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>.","chicago":"Groß, A., Amit Singh, Ngoc Chi Banh, B. Richter, Ingrid Scharlau, Katharina J. Rohlfing, and B. Wrede. “Scaffolding the Human Partner by Contrastive Guidance in an Explanatory Human-Robot Dialogue.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i> 10 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184</a>."},"publication_status":"published"},{"year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Contrastiveness in the context of action demonstration: an eye-tracking study on its effects on action perception and action recall","publisher":"Cognitive Science Society","date_created":"2023-07-15T12:16:42Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<p>The study investigates two different ways of guiding the addressee of an explanation - an explainee, through action demonstration: contrastive and non-contrastive. Their effect was tested on attention to specific action elements (goal) as well as on event memory. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants were shown different motion videos that were either contrastive or non-contrastive with respect to the segments of movement presentation. Given that everyday action demonstration is often multimodal, the stimuli were created with re- spect to their visual and verbal presentation. For visual presentation, a video combined two movements in a contrastive (e.g., Up-motion following a Down-motion) or non-contrastive way (e.g., two Up-motions following each other). For verbal presentation, each video was combined with a sequence of instruction descriptions in the form of negative (i.e., contrastive) or assertive (i.e., non-contrastive) guidance. It was found that a) attention to the event goal increased for this condition in the later time window, and b) participants’ recall of the event was facilitated when a visually contrastive motion was combined with a verbal contrast.</p>"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)","keyword":["Attention","negation","contrastive  guidance","eye-movements","action understanding","event representation"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"place":"Sydney, Australia","citation":{"apa":"Singh, A., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2023). Contrastiveness in the context of action demonstration: an eye-tracking study on its effects on action perception and action recall. <i>Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)</i>. 45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Sydney.","short":"A. Singh, K.J. Rohlfing, in: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45), Cognitive Science Society, Sydney, Australia, 2023.","mla":"Singh, Amit, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Contrastiveness in the Context of Action Demonstration: An Eye-Tracking Study on Its Effects on Action Perception and Action Recall.” <i>Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)</i>, Cognitive Science Society, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Singh_Rohlfing_2023, place={Sydney, Australia}, title={Contrastiveness in the context of action demonstration: an eye-tracking study on its effects on action perception and action recall}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)}, publisher={Cognitive Science Society}, author={Singh, Amit and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2023} }","ama":"Singh A, Rohlfing KJ. Contrastiveness in the context of action demonstration: an eye-tracking study on its effects on action perception and action recall. In: <i>Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)</i>. Cognitive Science Society; 2023.","ieee":"A. Singh and K. J. Rohlfing, “Contrastiveness in the context of action demonstration: an eye-tracking study on its effects on action perception and action recall,” presented at the 45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Sydney, 2023.","chicago":"Singh, Amit, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Contrastiveness in the Context of Action Demonstration: An Eye-Tracking Study on Its Effects on Action Perception and Action Recall.” In <i>Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 45 (45)</i>. Sydney, Australia: Cognitive Science Society, 2023."},"publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"46067","relation":"contains"}]},"conference":{"location":"Sydney","name":"45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w94t4cv","open_access":"1"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-27T13:51:42Z","author":[{"full_name":"Singh, Amit","id":"91018","last_name":"Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-7789-1521","first_name":"Amit"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","first_name":"Katharina J."}],"status":"public","type":"conference","popular_science":"1","_id":"46067","project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)","_id":"115","grant_number":"438445824"}],"department":[{"_id":"749"},{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"91018"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)","grant_number":"438445824"}],"_id":"55156","user_id":"55908","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue ","title":"Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations","conference":{"name":"Semdial","location":"Maribor"},"date_updated":"2025-01-15T13:57:35Z","author":[{"first_name":"Josephine Beryl","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","id":"56345","last_name":"Fisher"},{"first_name":"Amelie","last_name":"Robrecht","orcid":"0000-0001-5622-8248","full_name":"Robrecht, Amelie","id":"91982"},{"full_name":"Kopp, Stefan","last_name":"Kopp","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233"}],"date_created":"2024-07-10T11:07:51Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Fisher JB, Robrecht A, Kopp S, Rohlfing KJ. Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations. In: <i>Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue </i>. ; 2023.","ieee":"J. B. Fisher, A. Robrecht, S. Kopp, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations,” presented at the Semdial, Maribor, 2023.","chicago":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, Amelie Robrecht, Stefan Kopp, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations.” In <i>Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue </i>, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Fisher_Robrecht_Kopp_Rohlfing_2023, title={Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue }, author={Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Robrecht, Amelie and Kopp, Stefan and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2023} }","mla":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, et al. “Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations.” <i>Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue </i>, 2023.","short":"J.B. Fisher, A. Robrecht, S. Kopp, K.J. Rohlfing, in: Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue , 2023.","apa":"Fisher, J. B., Robrecht, A., Kopp, S., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2023). Exploring the Semantic Dialogue Patterns of Explanations – a Case Study of Game Explanations. <i>Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue </i>. Semdial, Maribor."}},{"year":"2022","title":"Which “motionese” parameters change with children's age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","date_created":"2024-02-14T09:07:53Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Modified action demonstration—dubbed <jats:italic>motionese—</jats:italic>has been proposed as a way to help children recognize the structure and meaning of actions. However, until now, it has been investigated only in young infants. This brief research report presents findings from a cross-sectional study of parental action demonstrations to three groups of 8–11, 12–23, and 24–30-month-old children that applied seven motionese parameters; a second study investigated the youngest group of participants longitudinally to corroborate the cross-sectional results. Results of both studies suggested that four motionese parameters (Motion Pauses, Pace, Velocity, Acceleration) seem to structure the action by organizing it in motion pauses. Whereas these parameters persist over different ages, three other parameters (Demonstration Length, Roundness, and Range) occur predominantly in the younger group and seem to serve to organize infants' attention on the basis of movement. Results are discussed in terms of facilitative vs. pedagogical learning.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Frontiers in Communication","keyword":["Social Sciences (miscellaneous)","Communication"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"         7","citation":{"ama":"Rohlfing K, Vollmer A-L, Fritsch J, Wrede B. Which “motionese” parameters change with children’s age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications. <i>Frontiers in Communication</i>. 2022;7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Jannik Fritsch, and Britta Wrede. “Which ‘Motionese’ Parameters Change with Children’s Age? Disentangling Attention-Getting from Action-Structuring Modifications.” <i>Frontiers in Communication</i> 7 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>.","ieee":"K. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, and B. Wrede, “Which ‘motionese’ parameters change with children’s age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications,” <i>Frontiers in Communication</i>, vol. 7, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Vollmer_Fritsch_Wrede_2022, title={Which “motionese” parameters change with children’s age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Communication}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Fritsch, Jannik and Wrede, Britta}, year={2022} }","mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina, et al. “Which ‘Motionese’ Parameters Change with Children’s Age? Disentangling Attention-Getting from Action-Structuring Modifications.” <i>Frontiers in Communication</i>, vol. 7, Frontiers Media SA, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>.","short":"K. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, B. Wrede, Frontiers in Communication 7 (2022).","apa":"Rohlfing, K., Vollmer, A.-L., Fritsch, J., &#38; Wrede, B. (2022). Which “motionese” parameters change with children’s age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications. <i>Frontiers in Communication</i>, <i>7</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2297-900X"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405","date_updated":"2024-02-26T08:53:33Z","volume":7,"author":[{"full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","id":"50352","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"full_name":"Fritsch, Jannik","last_name":"Fritsch","first_name":"Jannik"},{"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Wrede","full_name":"Wrede, Britta"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"51344","project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)","grant_number":"438445824"},{"name":"TRR 318 - A3: TRR 318 - Subproject A3","_id":"113"},{"grant_number":"438445824","name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)","_id":"115"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"54779"},{"year":"2022","issue":"9","title":"Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay","publisher":"MDPI AG","date_created":"2023-01-17T12:05:46Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Pointing is one of the first conventional means of communication and infants have various motives for engaging in it such as imperative, declarative, or informative. Little is known about the developmental paths of producing and understanding these different motives. In our longitudinal study (N = 58) during the second year of life, we experimentally elicited infants’ pointing production and comprehension in various settings and under pragmatically valid conditions. We followed two steps in our analyses and assessed the occurrence of canonical index-finger pointing for different motives and the engagement in an ongoing interaction in pursuit of a joint goal revealed by frequency and multimodal utterances. For understanding the developmental paths, we compared two groups: typically developing infants (TD) and infants who have been assessed as having delayed language development (LD). Results showed that the developmental paths differed according to the various motives. When comparing the two groups, for all motives, LD infants produced index-finger pointing 2 months later than TD infants. For the engagement, although the pattern was less consistent across settings, the frequency of pointing was comparable in both groups, but infants with LD used less canonical forms of pointing and made fewer multimodal contributions than TD children.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","keyword":["Health","Toxicology and Mutagenesis","Public Health","Environmental and Occupational Health"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        19","citation":{"mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay.” <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>, vol. 19, no. 9, 4982, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>.","short":"K.J. Rohlfing, C. Lüke, U. Liszkowski, U. Ritterfeld, A. Grimminger, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (2022).","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Lüke_Liszkowski_Ritterfeld_Grimminger_2022, title={Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>}, number={94982}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Lüke, Carina and Liszkowski, Ulf and Ritterfeld, Ute and Grimminger, Angela}, year={2022} }","apa":"Rohlfing, K. J., Lüke, C., Liszkowski, U., Ritterfeld, U., &#38; Grimminger, A. (2022). Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>, <i>19</i>(9), Article 4982. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., Carina Lüke, Ulf Liszkowski, Ute Ritterfeld, and Angela Grimminger. “Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay.” <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i> 19, no. 9 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>.","ieee":"K. J. Rohlfing, C. Lüke, U. Liszkowski, U. Ritterfeld, and A. Grimminger, “Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay,” <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>, vol. 19, no. 9, Art. no. 4982, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>.","ama":"Rohlfing KJ, Lüke C, Liszkowski U, Ritterfeld U, Grimminger A. Developmental Paths of Pointing for Various Motives in Infants with and without Language Delay. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>. 2022;19(9). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094982\">10.3390/ijerph19094982</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1660-4601"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.3390/ijerph19094982","date_updated":"2023-02-01T12:09:23Z","volume":19,"author":[{"full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"first_name":"Carina","full_name":"Lüke, Carina","last_name":"Lüke"},{"full_name":"Liszkowski, Ulf","last_name":"Liszkowski","first_name":"Ulf"},{"first_name":"Ute","last_name":"Ritterfeld","full_name":"Ritterfeld, Ute"},{"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Grimminger","id":"57578","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_number":"4982","_id":"37074","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"series_title":"Pabst Science Publishers","user_id":"38219","department":[{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"115","name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)"}],"_id":"46289","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Christina ","last_name":"Bermeitinger","full_name":"Bermeitinger, Christina "},{"full_name":"Greve, Werner ","last_name":"Greve","first_name":"Werner "}],"type":"conference_abstract","publication":"52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.uni-hildesheim.de/dgps2022/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DGPsKongress2022_Abstractband_20220926.pdf"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2022-09-10","name":"52nd Congress of the German Psychological Society","location":"Hildesheim, Germany","end_date":"2022-10-15"},"title":"Folgen wiederholter Negation auf die Aufmerksamkeit","date_created":"2023-08-03T14:00:36Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5946-4542","last_name":"Banh","id":"38219","full_name":"Banh, Ngoc Chi","first_name":"Ngoc Chi"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau"},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-03T14:10:48Z","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Banh, N. C., Scharlau, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2022). Folgen wiederholter Negation auf die Aufmerksamkeit. In C. Bermeitinger &#38; W. Greve (Eds.), <i>52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie</i>.","ama":"Banh NC, Scharlau I, Rohlfing KJ. Folgen wiederholter Negation auf die Aufmerksamkeit. In: Bermeitinger C, Greve W, eds. <i>52. Kongress Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Psychologie</i>. Pabst Science Publishers. ; 2022.","short":"N.C. Banh, I. Scharlau, K.J. Rohlfing, in: C. Bermeitinger, W. Greve (Eds.), 52. Kongress Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Psychologie, 2022.","mla":"Banh, Ngoc Chi, et al. “Folgen Wiederholter Negation Auf Die Aufmerksamkeit.” <i>52. Kongress Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Psychologie</i>, edited by Christina  Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve, 2022.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Banh_Scharlau_Rohlfing_2022, series={Pabst Science Publishers}, title={Folgen wiederholter Negation auf die Aufmerksamkeit}, booktitle={52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie}, author={Banh, Ngoc Chi and Scharlau, Ingrid and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, editor={Bermeitinger, Christina  and Greve, Werner }, year={2022}, collection={Pabst Science Publishers} }","ieee":"N. C. Banh, I. Scharlau, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Folgen wiederholter Negation auf die Aufmerksamkeit,” in <i>52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie</i>, Hildesheim, Germany, 2022.","chicago":"Banh, Ngoc Chi, Ingrid Scharlau, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Folgen Wiederholter Negation Auf Die Aufmerksamkeit.” In <i>52. Kongress Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Psychologie</i>, edited by Christina  Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve. Pabst Science Publishers, 2022."},"year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1"},{"doi":"10.3389/frobt.2022.971749","date_updated":"2024-11-28T08:40:10Z","author":[{"last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","first_name":"Katharina"},{"full_name":"Altvater-Mackensen, Nicole","last_name":"Altvater-Mackensen","first_name":"Nicole"},{"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Caruana","full_name":"Caruana, Nathan"},{"full_name":"van den Berghe, Rianne","last_name":"van den Berghe","first_name":"Rianne"},{"last_name":"Bruno","full_name":"Bruno, Barbara","first_name":"Barbara"},{"first_name":"Nils Frederik","last_name":"Tolksdorf","orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","id":"43289","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik"},{"first_name":"Adriana","full_name":"Hanulíková, Adriana","last_name":"Hanulíková"}],"volume":9,"citation":{"mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina, et al. “Social/Dialogical Roles of Social Robots in Supporting Children’s Learning of Language and Literacy—A Review and Analysis of Innovative Roles.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 9, Frontiers Media SA, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Altvater-Mackensen_Caruana_van den Berghe_Bruno_Tolksdorf_Hanulíková_2022, title={Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy—A review and analysis of innovative roles}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina and Altvater-Mackensen, Nicole and Caruana, Nathan and van den Berghe, Rianne and Bruno, Barbara and Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Hanulíková, Adriana}, year={2022} }","short":"K. Rohlfing, N. Altvater-Mackensen, N. Caruana, R. van den Berghe, B. Bruno, N.F. Tolksdorf, A. Hanulíková, Frontiers in Robotics and AI 9 (2022).","apa":"Rohlfing, K., Altvater-Mackensen, N., Caruana, N., van den Berghe, R., Bruno, B., Tolksdorf, N. F., &#38; Hanulíková, A. (2022). Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy—A review and analysis of innovative roles. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, <i>9</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>","ama":"Rohlfing K, Altvater-Mackensen N, Caruana N, et al. Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy—A review and analysis of innovative roles. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>. 2022;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>","ieee":"K. Rohlfing <i>et al.</i>, “Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy—A review and analysis of innovative roles,” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 9, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>.","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina, Nicole Altvater-Mackensen, Nathan Caruana, Rianne van den Berghe, Barbara Bruno, Nils Frederik Tolksdorf, and Adriana Hanulíková. “Social/Dialogical Roles of Social Robots in Supporting Children’s Learning of Language and Literacy—A Review and Analysis of Innovative Roles.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i> 9 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.971749</a>."},"intvolume":"         9","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-9144"]},"_id":"34703","user_id":"43289","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy—A review and analysis of innovative roles","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","date_created":"2022-12-21T11:23:46Z","year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Artificial Intelligence","Computer Science Applications"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>One of the many purposes for which social robots are designed is education, and there have been many attempts to systematize their potential in this field. What these attempts have in common is the recognition that learning can be supported in a variety of ways because a learner can be engaged in different activities that foster learning. Up to now, three roles have been proposed when designing these activities for robots: as a teacher or tutor, a learning peer, or a novice. Current research proposes that deciding in favor of one role over another depends on the content or preferred pedagogical form. However, the design of activities changes not only the content of learning, but also the nature of a human–robot social relationship. This is particularly important in language acquisition, which has been recognized as a social endeavor. The following review aims to specify the differences in human–robot social relationships when children learn language through interacting with a social robot. After proposing categories for comparing these different relationships, we review established and more specific, innovative roles that a robot can play in language-learning scenarios. This follows <jats:xref>Mead’s (1946)</jats:xref> theoretical approach proposing that social roles are performed in interactive acts. These acts are crucial for learning, because not only can they shape the social environment of learning but also engage the learner to different degrees. We specify the degree of engagement by referring to <jats:xref>Chi’s (2009)</jats:xref> progression of learning activities that range from active, constructive, toward interactive with the latter fostering deeper learning. Taken together, this approach enables us to compare and evaluate different human–robot social relationships that arise when applying a robot in a particular social role.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI"},{"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","abstract":[{"text":"In child-robot interaction research, many studies pursue the goal to support children's language development. While research in human-human interaction suggests that changing human partners during children's language learning can reduce their recall performance of the learning content, little is known whether a change in social robots as interaction partners influence children's learning in the same way. In this paper, we present findings from a word learning study, in which we changed the robotic partner for one group of children while the other group interacted with the same robot. Contrary to work with human social partners, we found that children did not retrieve words differently when interacting with different humanoid robots as their social interaction partners.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"30952","user_id":"43289","department":[{"_id":"115"},{"_id":"749"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2022","citation":{"ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Hönemann D, Viertel FE, Rohlfing K. Who is that?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning? In: <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>. ; 2022:1069-1074. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>","ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, D. Hönemann, F. E. Viertel, and K. Rohlfing, “Who is that?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning?,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, Sapporo Hokkaido, Japan, 2022, pp. 1069–1074, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>.","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Dirk Hönemann, Franziska E. Viertel, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Who Is That?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning?” In <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, 1069–74, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>.","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, D. Hönemann, F.E. Viertel, K. Rohlfing, in: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 2022, pp. 1069–1074.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Tolksdorf_Hönemann_Viertel_Rohlfing_2022, title={Who is that?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning?}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Hönemann, Dirk and Viertel, Franziska E. and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2022}, pages={1069–1074} }","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Who Is That?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning?” <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, 2022, pp. 1069–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>.","apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Hönemann, D., Viertel, F. E., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2022). Who is that?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning? <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, 1069–1074. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937\">https://doi.org/10.5555/3523760.3523937</a>"},"page":"1069-1074","date_updated":"2024-11-28T08:40:35Z","date_created":"2022-04-27T06:36:53Z","author":[{"first_name":"Nils Frederik","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik","id":"43289","orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","last_name":"Tolksdorf"},{"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Hönemann","full_name":"Hönemann, Dirk"},{"first_name":"Franziska E.","full_name":"Viertel, Franziska E.","last_name":"Viertel"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","first_name":"Katharina"}],"title":"Who is that?!  Does  Changing  the  Robot  as  a Learning  Companion  Impact  Preschoolers’Language Learning?","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/3523760.3523937"}],"doi":"10.5555/3523760.3523937","conference":{"name":"ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","location":"Sapporo Hokkaido, Japan"}},{"year":"2022","issue":"3-4","title":"Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_created":"2024-02-14T09:44:23Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Recent approaches to Explainable AI (XAI) promise to satisfy diverse user expectations by allowing them to steer the interaction in order to elicit content relevant to them. However, little is known about how and to what extent the explainee takes part actively in the process of explaining. To tackle this empirical gap, we exploratively examined naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 11). Following the social design of XAI, we view explanations as emerging in interactions: first, we identified the verbal behavior of both the explainer and the explainee in the sequential context, which we could assign to phases that were either monological or dialogical; second, we investigated in particular who was responsible for the initiation of the different phases. Finally, we took a closer look at the global conversational structure of explanations by applying a context-sensitive model of organizational jobs, thus adding a third layer of analysis. Results show that in our small sample of conversational explanations, both monological and dialogical phases varied in their length, timing of occurrence (at the early or later stages of the interaction) and their initiation (by the explainer or the explainee). They alternated several times in the course of the interaction. However, we also found some patterns suggesting that all interactions started with a monological phase initiated by the explainer. Both conversational partners contributed to the core organizational job that constitutes an explanation. We interpret the results as an indication for naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions to be co-constructed on three levels of linguistic description: (1) by switching back and forth between monological to dialogical phases that (2) can be initiated by both partners and (3) by the mutual accomplishment and thus responsibility for an explanation’s core job that is crucial for the success of the explanation. Because of the explorative nature of our study, these results need to be investigated (a) with a larger sample and (b) in other contexts. However, our results suggest that future designs of artificial explainable systems should design the explanatory dialogue in such a way that it includes monological and dialogical phases that can be initiated not only by the explainer but also by the explainee, as both contribute to the core job of explicating procedural, clausal, or conceptual relations in explanations.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"KI - Künstliche Intelligenz","keyword":["Artificial Intelligence"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"page":"317-326","intvolume":"        36","citation":{"ieee":"J. B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, and K. Rohlfing, “Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations,” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol. 36, no. 3–4, pp. 317–326, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","chicago":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, Vivien Lohmer, Friederike Kern, Winfried Barthlen, Sebastian Gaus, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i> 36, no. 3–4 (2022): 317–26. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","ama":"Fisher JB, Lohmer V, Kern F, Barthlen W, Gaus S, Rohlfing K. Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>. 2022;36(3-4):317-326. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>","mla":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, et al. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol. 36, no. 3–4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, pp. 317–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","short":"J.B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, K. Rohlfing, KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 36 (2022) 317–326.","bibtex":"@article{Fisher_Lohmer_Kern_Barthlen_Gaus_Rohlfing_2022, title={Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations}, volume={36}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>}, number={3–4}, journal={KI - Künstliche Intelligenz}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Lohmer, Vivien and Kern, Friederike and Barthlen, Winfried and Gaus, Sebastian and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2022}, pages={317–326} }","apa":"Fisher, J. B., Lohmer, V., Kern, F., Barthlen, W., Gaus, S., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2022). Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, <i>36</i>(3–4), 317–326. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1","date_updated":"2025-09-17T11:11:12Z","volume":36,"author":[{"first_name":"Josephine Beryl","id":"56345","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","last_name":"Fisher"},{"first_name":"Vivien","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer"},{"full_name":"Kern, Friederike","last_name":"Kern","first_name":"Friederike"},{"full_name":"Barthlen, Winfried","last_name":"Barthlen","first_name":"Winfried"},{"full_name":"Gaus, Sebastian","last_name":"Gaus","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","first_name":"Katharina"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"51349","project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)","_id":"111"},{"_id":"115","name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"57578"},{"issue":"3","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","date_created":"2021-09-14T20:52:57Z","title":"Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems","publication":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-11-20T16:33:51Z","creator":"haebumb","date_created":"2023-11-20T16:33:51Z","file_size":626217,"file_name":"2020-12-01_explainability_final_version.pdf","file_id":"49081","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"One objective of current research in explainable intelligent systems is to implement social aspects in order to increase the relevance of explanations. In this paper, we argue that a novel conceptual framework is needed to overcome shortcomings of existing AI systems with little attention to processes of interaction and learning. Drawing from research in interaction and development, we first outline the novel conceptual framework that pushes the design of AI systems toward true interactivity with an emphasis on the role of the partner and social relevance. We propose that AI systems will be able to provide a meaningful and relevant explanation only if the process of explaining is extended to active contribution of both partners that brings about dynamics that is modulated by different levels of analysis. Accordingly, our conceptual framework comprises monitoring and scaffolding as key concepts and claims that the process of explaining is not only modulated by the interaction between explainee and explainer but is embedded into a larger social context in which conventionalized and routinized behaviors are established. We discuss our conceptual framework in relation to the established objectives of transparency and autonomy that are raised for the design of explainable AI systems currently."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Explainability","process ofexplaining andunderstanding","explainable artificial systems"],"ddc":["300"],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"]},"publication_status":"published","page":"717-728","intvolume":"        13","citation":{"apa":"Rohlfing, K. J., Cimiano, P., Scharlau, I., Matzner, T., Buhl, H. M., Buschmeier, H., Esposito, E., Grimminger, A., Hammer, B., Haeb-Umbach, R., Horwath, I., Hüllermeier, E., Kern, F., Kopp, S., Thommes, K., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Schulte, C., Wachsmuth, H., Wagner, P., &#38; Wrede, B. (2021). Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, <i>13</i>(3), 717–728. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>","mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, pp. 717–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.","short":"K.J. Rohlfing, P. Cimiano, I. Scharlau, T. Matzner, H.M. Buhl, H. Buschmeier, E. Esposito, A. Grimminger, B. Hammer, R. Haeb-Umbach, I. Horwath, E. Hüllermeier, F. Kern, S. Kopp, K. Thommes, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, C. Schulte, H. Wachsmuth, P. Wagner, B. Wrede, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 13 (2021) 717–728.","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Cimiano_Scharlau_Matzner_Buhl_Buschmeier_Esposito_Grimminger_Hammer_Haeb-Umbach_et al._2021, title={Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>}, number={3}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Cimiano, Philipp and Scharlau, Ingrid and Matzner, Tobias and Buhl, Heike M. and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Esposito, Elena and Grimminger, Angela and Hammer, Barbara and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={717–728} }","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., Philipp Cimiano, Ingrid Scharlau, Tobias Matzner, Heike M. Buhl, Hendrik Buschmeier, Elena Esposito, et al. “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i> 13, no. 3 (2021): 717–28. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.","ieee":"K. J. Rohlfing <i>et al.</i>, “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 717–728, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.","ama":"Rohlfing KJ, Cimiano P, Scharlau I, et al. Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>. 2021;13(3):717-728. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366\">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>"},"volume":13,"author":[{"full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Cimiano","full_name":"Cimiano, Philipp"},{"last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"id":"65695","full_name":"Matzner, Tobias","last_name":"Matzner","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl"},{"last_name":"Buschmeier","full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"full_name":"Esposito, Elena","last_name":"Esposito","first_name":"Elena"},{"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Grimminger","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578"},{"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Hammer","full_name":"Hammer, Barbara"},{"first_name":"Reinhold","last_name":"Haeb-Umbach","id":"242","full_name":"Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold"},{"first_name":"Ilona","full_name":"Horwath, Ilona","id":"68836","last_name":"Horwath"},{"id":"48129","full_name":"Hüllermeier, Eyke","last_name":"Hüllermeier","first_name":"Eyke"},{"last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Friederike","first_name":"Friederike"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Kopp, Stefan","last_name":"Kopp"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","last_name":"Thommes","full_name":"Thommes, Kirsten","id":"72497"},{"last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"},{"first_name":"Carsten","full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","id":"60311","last_name":"Schulte"},{"first_name":"Henning","last_name":"Wachsmuth","full_name":"Wachsmuth, Henning","id":"3900"},{"last_name":"Wagner","full_name":"Wagner, Petra","first_name":"Petra"},{"first_name":"Britta","full_name":"Wrede, Britta","last_name":"Wrede"}],"date_updated":"2023-12-05T10:15:02Z","oa":"1","doi":"10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366","type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"603"},{"_id":"749"},{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"67"},{"_id":"574"},{"_id":"184"},{"_id":"757"},{"_id":"54"},{"_id":"178"}],"user_id":"42933","_id":"24456","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"109","name":"TRR 318: TRR 318 - Erklärbarkeit konstruieren"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-11-20T16:33:51Z","article_type":"original"},{"doi":"10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"volume":12,"author":[{"first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Karsten, Andrea","id":"53917","orcid":"0000-0003-0194-2000","last_name":"Karsten"},{"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-12-21T08:38:01Z","page":"493-529","intvolume":"        12","citation":{"short":"I. Scharlau, A. Karsten, K. Rohlfing, Journal of Writing Research 12 (2021) 493–529.","mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, et al. “Building, Emptying out, or Dreaming? Action Structures and Space in Undergraduates’ Metaphors of Academic Writing.” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, vol. 12, no. 3, 2021, pp. 493–529, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Scharlau_Karsten_Rohlfing_2021, title={Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in undergraduates’ metaphors of academic writing}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Writing Research}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Karsten, Andrea and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2021}, pages={493–529} }","apa":"Scharlau, I., Karsten, A., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2021). Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in undergraduates’ metaphors of academic writing. <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, <i>12</i>(3), 493–529. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>","ama":"Scharlau I, Karsten A, Rohlfing K. Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in undergraduates’ metaphors of academic writing. <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>. 2021;12(3):493-529. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>","chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, Andrea Karsten, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Building, Emptying out, or Dreaming? Action Structures and Space in Undergraduates’ Metaphors of Academic Writing.” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i> 12, no. 3 (2021): 493–529. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>.","ieee":"I. Scharlau, A. Karsten, and K. Rohlfing, “Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in undergraduates’ metaphors of academic writing,” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 493–529, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2030-1006","2294-3307"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"53917","_id":"28696","status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in undergraduates’ metaphors of academic writing","date_created":"2021-12-13T10:30:14Z","year":"2021","issue":"3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["metaphor analysis","academic writing","transitivity","spatial primitives"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The aim of the present study is to bring new momentum into research on students’\r\nunderstanding of academic writing. Drawing on the idea that metaphors give insight into\r\nimplicit conceptions of abstract entities and processes, we developed a detailed and\r\ndifferentiated set of conceptual metaphors that can be used to study student ideas about\r\nwriting in research, teaching, and interventions. A large sample of undergraduates produced\r\ntheir everyday understanding of writing in short texts beginning with a self-generated\r\nmetaphor. Based on theories from cognitive linguistics, the conceptual metaphors in their\r\ntexts were analyzed in terms of their action quality (transitivity) and spatiality (spatial\r\nprimitives). The undergraduates’ conceptualizations were very heterogeneous. Most\r\nmetaphors depart strongly from scientific approaches to academic writing within cognitive\r\npsychology and sociocultural theory. Roughly half of the metaphors could be collated to one\r\nof four metaphor systems. Depending on the desired degree of abstraction or concreteness,\r\nconceptual metaphors or metaphor systems can be employed in further studies to illuminate\r\nthinking about writing."}],"publication":"Journal of Writing Research"},{"title":"Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in students’ metaphors of academic writing","doi":"10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01","publisher":"ARLE (International Association for Research in L1 Education)","date_updated":"2023-02-01T12:14:52Z","date_created":"2022-06-06T13:49:01Z","author":[{"id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Karsten, A.","last_name":"Karsten"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","first_name":"Katharina J."}],"volume":12,"year":"2021","citation":{"apa":"Scharlau, I., Karsten, A., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2021). Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in students’ metaphors of academic writing. <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, <i>12</i>(vol. 12 issue 3), 493–529. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>","short":"I. Scharlau, A. Karsten, K.J. Rohlfing, Journal of Writing Research 12 (2021) 493–529.","mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, et al. “Building, Emptying out, or Dreaming? Action Structures and Space in Students’ Metaphors of Academic Writing.” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, vol. 12, no. vol. 12 issue 3, ARLE (International Association for Research in L1 Education), 2021, pp. 493–529, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Scharlau_Karsten_Rohlfing_2021, title={Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in students’ metaphors of academic writing}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>}, number={vol. 12 issue 3}, journal={Journal of Writing Research}, publisher={ARLE (International Association for Research in L1 Education)}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Karsten, A. and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2021}, pages={493–529} }","ama":"Scharlau I, Karsten A, Rohlfing KJ. Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in students’ metaphors of academic writing. <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>. 2021;12(vol. 12 issue 3):493-529. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>","ieee":"I. Scharlau, A. Karsten, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Building, emptying out, or dreaming? Action structures and space in students’ metaphors of academic writing,” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i>, vol. 12, no. vol. 12 issue 3, pp. 493–529, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>.","chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, A. Karsten, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Building, Emptying out, or Dreaming? Action Structures and Space in Students’ Metaphors of Academic Writing.” <i>Journal of Writing Research</i> 12, no. vol. 12 issue 3 (2021): 493–529. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01\">https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2021.12.03.01</a>."},"intvolume":"        12","page":"493-529","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2030-1006","2294-3307"]},"issue":"vol. 12 issue 3","keyword":["Literature and Literary Theory","Linguistics and Language","Language and Linguistics","Education"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"31680","user_id":"14931","department":[{"_id":"749"},{"_id":"424"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Writing Research"},{"volume":5,"date_created":"2023-01-17T20:22:49Z","author":[{"first_name":"Nils F.","last_name":"Tolksdorf","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils F."},{"first_name":"Camilla E.","full_name":"Crawshaw, Camilla E.","last_name":"Crawshaw"},{"id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina"}],"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","date_updated":"2023-02-01T11:59:32Z","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2020.569615","title":"Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children's Social Referencing in Interaction","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2504-284X"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         5","citation":{"ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, C. E. Crawshaw, and K. Rohlfing, “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction,” <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, vol. 5, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils F., Camilla E. Crawshaw, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction.” <i>Frontiers in Education</i> 5 (2021). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Crawshaw CE, Rohlfing K. Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction. <i>Frontiers in Education</i>. 2021;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>","bibtex":"@article{Tolksdorf_Crawshaw_Rohlfing_2021, title={Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Education}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils F. and Crawshaw, Camilla E. and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2021} }","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils F., et al. “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction.” <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, vol. 5, Frontiers Media SA, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, C.E. Crawshaw, K. Rohlfing, Frontiers in Education 5 (2021).","apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Crawshaw, C. E., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2021). Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction. <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, <i>5</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>"},"year":"2021","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931","_id":"37185","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Education"],"publication":"Frontiers in Education","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Social robots have emerged as a new digital technology that is increasingly being implemented in the educational landscape. While social robots could be deployed to assist young children with their learning in a variety of different ways, the typical approach in educational practices is to supplement the learning process rather than to replace the human caregiver, e.g., the teacher, parent, educator or therapist. When functioning in the role of an educational assistant, social robots will likely constitute a part of a triadic interaction with the child and the human caregiver. Surprisingly, there is little research that systematically investigates the role of the caregiver by examining the ways in which children involve or check in with them during their interaction with another partner<jats:bold>—</jats:bold>a phenomenon that is known as social referencing. In the present study, we investigated social referencing in the context of a dyadic child–robot interaction. Over the course of four sessions within our longitudinal language-learning study, we observed how 20 pre-school children aged 4–5 years checked in with their accompanying caregivers who were not actively involved in the language-learning procedure. The children participating in the study were randomly assigned to either an interaction with a social robot or a human partner. Our results revealed that all children across both conditions utilized social referencing behaviors to address their caregiver. However, we found that the children who interacted with the social robot did so significantly more frequently in each of the four sessions than those who interacted with the human partner. Further analyses showed that no significant change in their behavior over the course of the sessions could be observed. Findings are discussed with regard to the caregiver's role during children's interactions with social robots and the implications for future interaction design.</jats:p>"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931","_id":"37184","status":"public","publication":"Frontiers in Psychology","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725","title":"Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production","author":[{"first_name":"Katharina","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","id":"50352","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Mertens, Ulrich","last_name":"Mertens"}],"date_created":"2023-01-17T20:19:11Z","date_updated":"2023-02-01T12:05:18Z","citation":{"ieee":"K. Rohlfing and U. Mertens, “Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>.","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina, and Ulrich Mertens. “Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>.","ama":"Rohlfing K, Mertens U. Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>","short":"K. Rohlfing, U. Mertens, Frontiers in Psychology (2021).","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Mertens_2021, title={Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina and Mertens, Ulrich}, year={2021} }","mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina, and Ulrich Mertens. “Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>.","apa":"Rohlfing, K., &#38; Mertens, U. (2021). Progressive Reduction of Iconic Gestures Contributes to School-Aged Children’s Increased Word Production. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651725</a>"},"year":"2021"},{"date_updated":"2023-05-03T08:24:33Z","date_created":"2021-09-23T11:03:50Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","last_name":"Tolksdorf","id":"43289","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik","first_name":"Nils Frederik"},{"first_name":"Scarlet","last_name":"Siebert","full_name":"Siebert, Scarlet"},{"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Zorn","full_name":"Zorn, Isabel"},{"first_name":"Ilona","last_name":"Horwath","id":"68836","full_name":"Horwath, Ilona"},{"full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina J."}],"title":"Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective","doi":"10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"]},"publication_status":"published","year":"2021","page":"129-140","citation":{"apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Siebert, S., Zorn, I., Horwath, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2021). Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, 129–140. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, 2021, pp. 129–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, K.J. Rohlfing, International Journal of Social Robotics (2021) 129–140.","bibtex":"@article{Tolksdorf_Siebert_Zorn_Horwath_Rohlfing_2021, title={Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Siebert, Scarlet and Zorn, Isabel and Horwath, Ilona and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2021}, pages={129–140} }","ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Siebert S, Zorn I, Horwath I, Rohlfing KJ. Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>. Published online 2021:129-140. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>","ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective,” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, pp. 129–140, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Scarlet Siebert, Isabel Zorn, Ilona Horwath, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, 2021, 129–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>."},"_id":"24901","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"68836","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"International Journal of Social Robotics","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In child–robot interaction (cHRI) research, many studies pursue the goal to develop interactive systems that can be applied in everyday settings. For early education, increasingly, the setting of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when cHRI and research are brought into a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related procedural aspects have to be considered and dealt with. While ethical models elaborated within other human–robot interaction settings, e.g., assisted living contexts, can provide some important indicators for relevant issues, we argue that it is important to start developing a systematic approach to identify and tackle those ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten settings on a more global level and address the impact of the technology from a macroperspective beyond the effects on the individual. Based on our experience in conducting studies with children in general and pedagogical considerations on the role of the institution of kindergarten in specific, in this paper, we enfold some relevant aspects that have barely been addressed in an explicit way in current cHRI research. Four areas are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified in each area: (1) the institutional setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’ role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening the methodology of the current studies within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it based on our comprehensive empirical experience with research in kindergarten settings, both laboratory and real-world contexts, and (iii) provide a framework for the development of a more systematic approach to address the ethical issues in cHRI research within kindergarten settings.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Social robots have emerged as a new digital technology that is increasingly being implemented in the educational landscape. While social robots could be deployed to assist young children with their learning in a variety of different ways, the typical approach in educational practices is to supplement the learning process rather than to replace the human caregiver, e.g., the teacher, parent, educator or therapist. When functioning in the role of an educational assistant, social robots will likely constitute a part of a triadic interaction with the child and the human caregiver. Surprisingly, there is little research that systematically investigates the role of the caregiver by examining the ways in which children involve or check in with them during their interaction with another partner<jats:bold>—</jats:bold>a phenomenon that is known as social referencing. In the present study, we investigated social referencing in the context of a dyadic child–robot interaction. Over the course of four sessions within our longitudinal language-learning study, we observed how 20 pre-school children aged 4–5 years checked in with their accompanying caregivers who were not actively involved in the language-learning procedure. The children participating in the study were randomly assigned to either an interaction with a social robot or a human partner. Our results revealed that all children across both conditions utilized social referencing behaviors to address their caregiver. However, we found that the children who interacted with the social robot did so significantly more frequently in each of the four sessions than those who interacted with the human partner. Further analyses showed that no significant change in their behavior over the course of the sessions could be observed. Findings are discussed with regard to the caregiver's role during children's interactions with social robots and the implications for future interaction design.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Frontiers in Education","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"43289","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"_id":"24902","citation":{"ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Crawshaw CE, Rohlfing KJ. Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction. <i>Frontiers in Education</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Camilla E. Crawshaw, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction.” <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, C. E. Crawshaw, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction,” <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Crawshaw, C. E., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2021). Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction. <i>Frontiers in Education</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction.” <i>Frontiers in Education</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Tolksdorf_Crawshaw_Rohlfing_2021, title={Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children’s Social Referencing in Interaction}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.569615\">10.3389/feduc.2020.569615</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Education}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Crawshaw, Camilla E. and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2021} }","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, C.E. Crawshaw, K.J. Rohlfing, Frontiers in Education (2021)."},"year":"2021","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2504-284X"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2020.569615","title":"Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children's Social Referencing in Interaction","author":[{"first_name":"Nils Frederik","last_name":"Tolksdorf","orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","id":"43289","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik"},{"first_name":"Camilla E.","full_name":"Crawshaw, Camilla E.","last_name":"Crawshaw"},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing"}],"date_created":"2021-09-23T11:04:01Z","date_updated":"2024-11-28T08:40:51Z"},{"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2021","citation":{"ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Viertel FE, Crawshaw CE, Rohlfing KJ. Do Shy Children Keep more Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human. In: <i>Interaction Design and Children</i>. ; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>","ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, F. E. Viertel, C. E. Crawshaw, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Do Shy Children Keep more Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human,” 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>.","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Fanziska E. Viertel, Camilla E. Crawshaw, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Do Shy Children Keep More Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human.” In <i>Interaction Design and Children</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>.","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, F.E. Viertel, C.E. Crawshaw, K.J. Rohlfing, in: Interaction Design and Children, 2021.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Tolksdorf_Viertel_Crawshaw_Rohlfing_2021, title={Do Shy Children Keep more Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>}, booktitle={Interaction Design and Children}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Viertel, Fanziska E. and Crawshaw, Camilla E. and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2021} }","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Do Shy Children Keep More Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human.” <i>Interaction Design and Children</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>.","apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Viertel, F. E., Crawshaw, C. E., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2021). Do Shy Children Keep more Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human. <i>Interaction Design and Children</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3465181</a>"},"date_updated":"2024-11-28T08:42:12Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","last_name":"Tolksdorf","full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik","id":"43289","first_name":"Nils Frederik"},{"last_name":"Viertel","full_name":"Viertel, Fanziska E.","first_name":"Fanziska E."},{"first_name":"Camilla E.","last_name":"Crawshaw","full_name":"Crawshaw, Camilla E."},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J."}],"date_created":"2021-09-23T11:03:28Z","title":"Do Shy Children Keep more Distance from a Social Robot? Exploring Shy Children’s Proxemics with a Social Robot or a Human","doi":"10.1145/3459990.3465181","publication":"Interaction Design and Children","type":"conference","status":"public","_id":"24900","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"43289","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-9144"]},"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Tolksdorf_Viertel_Rohlfing_2021, title={Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik and Viertel, Franziska E. and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2021} }","mla":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>.","short":"N.F. Tolksdorf, F.E. Viertel, K.J. Rohlfing, Frontiers in Robotics and AI (2021).","apa":"Tolksdorf, N. F., Viertel, F. E., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2021). Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>","chicago":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Franziska E. Viertel, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>.","ieee":"N. F. Tolksdorf, F. E. Viertel, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning,” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>.","ama":"Tolksdorf NF, Viertel FE, Rohlfing KJ. Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.676123\">10.3389/frobt.2021.676123</a>"},"date_updated":"2024-11-28T08:44:59Z","author":[{"full_name":"Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik","id":"43289","orcid":"0000-0001-6093-1219","last_name":"Tolksdorf","first_name":"Nils Frederik"},{"first_name":"Franziska E.","last_name":"Viertel","full_name":"Viertel, Franziska E."},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J."}],"date_created":"2021-09-23T11:02:31Z","title":"Do Shy Preschoolers Interact Differently When Learning Language With a Social Robot? An Analysis of Interactional Behavior and Word Learning","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2021.676123","type":"journal_article","publication":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Temperamental traits can decisively influence how children enter into social interaction with their environment. Yet, in the field of child–robot interaction, little is known about how individual differences such as shyness impact on how children interact with social robots in educational settings. The present study systematically assessed the temperament of 28 preschool children aged 4–5 years in order to investigate the role of shyness within a dyadic child–robot interaction. Over the course of four consecutive sessions, we observed how shy compared to nonshy children interacted with a social robot during a word-learning educational setting and how shyness influenced children’s learning outcomes. Overall, results suggested that shy children not only interacted differently with a robot compared to nonshy children, but also changed their behavior over the course of the sessions. Critically, shy children interacted less expressively with the robot in general. With regard to children’s language learning outcomes, shy children scored lower on an initial posttest, but were able to close this gap on a later test, resulting in all children retrieving the learned words on a similar level. When intertest learning gain was considered, regression analyses even confirmed a positive predictive role of shyness on language learning gains. Findings are discussed with regard to the role of shyness in educational settings with social robots and the implications for future interaction design.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"24899","user_id":"43289","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"year":"2021","page":"21-41","citation":{"apa":"Rohlfing, K. J., Fischer, S., Viertel, F. E., &#38; Grimminger, A. (2021). Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich? In H. M. Müller (Ed.), <i>Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung</i> (pp. 21–41). Stauffenberg Verlag.","bibtex":"@inbook{Rohlfing_Fischer_Viertel_Grimminger_2021, title={Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich?}, booktitle={Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung}, publisher={Stauffenberg Verlag}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Fischer, Silke and Viertel, Franziska E. and Grimminger, Angela}, editor={Müller, Horst M.}, year={2021}, pages={21–41} }","short":"K.J. Rohlfing, S. Fischer, F.E. Viertel, A. Grimminger, in: H.M. Müller (Ed.), Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung, Stauffenberg Verlag, 2021, pp. 21–41.","mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich?” <i>Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung</i>, edited by Horst M. Müller, Stauffenberg Verlag, 2021, pp. 21–41.","ieee":"K. J. Rohlfing, S. Fischer, F. E. Viertel, and A. Grimminger, “Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich?,” in <i>Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung</i>, H. M. Müller, Ed. Stauffenberg Verlag, 2021, pp. 21–41.","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., Silke Fischer, Franziska E. Viertel, and Angela Grimminger. “Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich?” In <i>Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung</i>, edited by Horst M. Müller, 21–41. Stauffenberg Verlag, 2021.","ama":"Rohlfing KJ, Fischer S, Viertel FE, Grimminger A. Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich? In: Müller HM, ed. <i>Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung</i>. Stauffenberg Verlag; 2021:21-41."},"publication_status":"published","title":"Spracherwerb: Warum ist die Situation des gemeinsamen Buchvorlesens für die Sprachentwicklung förderlich?","date_updated":"2025-09-02T14:27:55Z","publisher":"Stauffenberg Verlag","date_created":"2025-09-02T14:27:47Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"last_name":"Fischer","full_name":"Fischer, Silke","first_name":"Silke"},{"first_name":"Franziska E.","full_name":"Viertel, Franziska E.","last_name":"Viertel"},{"last_name":"Grimminger","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578","first_name":"Angela"}],"editor":[{"last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Horst M.","first_name":"Horst M."}],"status":"public","publication":"Sprache in Therapie und neurokognitiver Forschung","type":"book_chapter","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"_id":"61111","user_id":"57578"}]
