[{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pubs.aip.org/aip/app/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/5.0229802/20352749/016112_1_5.0229802.pdf"}],"doi":"10.1063/5.0229802","author":[{"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Scharwald","orcid":"0009-0007-5654-5412","id":"55907","full_name":"Scharwald, Dennis"},{"first_name":"Lucas","full_name":"Gehse, Lucas","last_name":"Gehse"},{"last_name":"Sharapova","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina","id":"60286","first_name":"Polina"}],"volume":10,"oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-02-01T13:19:20Z","citation":{"mla":"Scharwald, Dennis, et al. “Schmidt Modes Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum Generated by Cascaded Systems Pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian Beams.” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, 016112, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">10.1063/5.0229802</a>.","short":"D. Scharwald, L. Gehse, P. Sharapova, APL Photonics 10 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Scharwald_Gehse_Sharapova_2025, title={Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">10.1063/5.0229802</a>}, number={1016112}, journal={APL Photonics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Scharwald, Dennis and Gehse, Lucas and Sharapova, Polina}, year={2025} }","apa":"Scharwald, D., Gehse, L., &#38; Sharapova, P. (2025). Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams. <i>APL Photonics</i>, <i>10</i>(1), Article 016112. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802</a>","ama":"Scharwald D, Gehse L, Sharapova P. Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams. <i>APL Photonics</i>. 2025;10(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">10.1063/5.0229802</a>","ieee":"D. Scharwald, L. Gehse, and P. Sharapova, “Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams,” <i>APL Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 016112, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">10.1063/5.0229802</a>.","chicago":"Scharwald, Dennis, Lucas Gehse, and Polina Sharapova. “Schmidt Modes Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum Generated by Cascaded Systems Pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian Beams.” <i>APL Photonics</i> 10, no. 1 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229802</a>."},"intvolume":"        10","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2378-0967"]},"article_number":"016112","article_type":"original","user_id":"55907","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"429"}],"project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"_id":"63744","status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams","date_created":"2026-01-26T15:48:54Z","publisher":"AIP Publishing","year":"2025","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are an important resource used in various branches of quantum science and technology due to their unique helical structure and countably infinite basis. Generating light that simultaneously carries high-order orbital angular momenta and exhibits quantum correlations is a challenging task. In this work, we present a theoretical approach to the generation of correlated Schmidt modes carrying OAM via parametric down-conversion (PDC) in cascaded nonlinear systems (nonlinear interferometers) pumped by Laguerre–Gaussian beams. We demonstrate how the number of generated modes and their population can be controlled by varying the pump parameters, the gain of the PDC process, and the distance between the crystals. We investigate the angular displacement measurement uncertainty of these interferometers and demonstrate that it can overcome the classical shot noise limit."}],"publication":"APL Photonics"},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2837-6714"]},"issue":"1","year":"2025","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Barakat_Kalash_Scharwald_Sharapova_Lindlein_Chekhova_2025, title={Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>}, number={136}, journal={Optica Quantum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Barakat, Ismail and Kalash, Mahmoud and Scharwald, Dennis and Sharapova, Polina and Lindlein, Norbert and Chekhova, Maria}, year={2025} }","short":"I. Barakat, M. Kalash, D. Scharwald, P. Sharapova, N. Lindlein, M. Chekhova, Optica Quantum 3 (2025).","mla":"Barakat, Ismail, et al. “Simultaneous Measurement of Multimode Squeezing through Multimode Phase-Sensitive Amplification.” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, 36, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>.","apa":"Barakat, I., Kalash, M., Scharwald, D., Sharapova, P., Lindlein, N., &#38; Chekhova, M. (2025). Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification. <i>Optica Quantum</i>, <i>3</i>(1), Article 36. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>","ieee":"I. Barakat, M. Kalash, D. Scharwald, P. Sharapova, N. Lindlein, and M. Chekhova, “Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification,” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 36, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>.","chicago":"Barakat, Ismail, Mahmoud Kalash, Dennis Scharwald, Polina Sharapova, Norbert Lindlein, and Maria Chekhova. “Simultaneous Measurement of Multimode Squeezing through Multimode Phase-Sensitive Amplification.” <i>Optica Quantum</i> 3, no. 1 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>.","ama":"Barakat I, Kalash M, Scharwald D, Sharapova P, Lindlein N, Chekhova M. Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification. <i>Optica Quantum</i>. 2025;3(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.524682\">10.1364/opticaq.524682</a>"},"intvolume":"         3","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-02-10T22:44:44Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ismail","last_name":"Barakat","full_name":"Barakat, Ismail"},{"last_name":"Kalash","full_name":"Kalash, Mahmoud","first_name":"Mahmoud"},{"full_name":"Scharwald, Dennis","id":"55907","last_name":"Scharwald","orcid":"0009-0007-5654-5412","first_name":"Dennis"},{"full_name":"Sharapova, Polina","id":"60286","last_name":"Sharapova","first_name":"Polina"},{"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Lindlein","full_name":"Lindlein, Norbert"},{"full_name":"Chekhova, Maria","last_name":"Chekhova","first_name":"Maria"}],"date_created":"2026-01-26T15:57:13Z","volume":3,"title":"Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://opg.optica.org/opticaq/viewmedia.cfm?uri=opticaq-3-1-36&seq=0","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1364/opticaq.524682","type":"journal_article","publication":"Optica Quantum","abstract":[{"text":"Multimode squeezed light is an increasingly popular tool in photonic quantum technologies, including sensing, imaging, and computation. Meanwhile, the existing methods of its characterization are technically complicated, which reduces the level of squeezing, and mostly deal with a single mode at a time. Here, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we employ optical parametric amplification to characterize multiple squeezing eigenmodes simultaneously. We retrieve the shapes and squeezing degrees of all modes at once through direct detection followed by modal decomposition. This method is tolerant to inefficient detection and does not require a local oscillator. For a spectrally and spatially multimode squeezed vacuum, we characterize eight strongest spatial modes, obtaining squeezing and anti-squeezing values of up to −5.2 ± 0.2 dB and 8.6 ± 0.3 dB, respectively, despite the 50% detection loss. This work, being the first exploration of an optical parametric amplifier’s multimode capability for squeezing detection, paves the way for the real-time detection of multimode squeezing.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"_id":"63745","user_id":"55907","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"429"}],"article_number":"36","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"043158","user_id":"55907","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"27"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C"},{"name":"TRR 142 - C10: TRR 142 -  Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse (C10*)","_id":"174"},{"_id":"52","name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"_id":"55900","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review Research","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043158","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158","title":"Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers","author":[{"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Scharwald","orcid":"0009-0007-5654-5412","full_name":"Scharwald, Dennis","id":"55907"},{"first_name":"Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","full_name":"Meier, Torsten","id":"344"},{"first_name":"Polina","last_name":"Sharapova","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina"}],"date_created":"2024-08-30T04:48:05Z","volume":5,"oa":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","date_updated":"2026-02-01T13:21:22Z","citation":{"apa":"Scharwald, D., Meier, T., &#38; Sharapova, P. (2023). Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>5</i>(4), Article 043158. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>","short":"D. Scharwald, T. Meier, P. Sharapova, Physical Review Research 5 (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Scharwald_Meier_Sharapova_2023, title={Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>}, number={4043158}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Scharwald, Dennis and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina}, year={2023} }","mla":"Scharwald, Dennis, et al. “Phase Sensitivity of Spatially Broadband High-Gain SU(1,1) Interferometers.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, 043158, American Physical Society (APS), 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>.","ama":"Scharwald D, Meier T, Sharapova P. Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2023;5(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>","chicago":"Scharwald, Dennis, Torsten Meier, and Polina Sharapova. “Phase Sensitivity of Spatially Broadband High-Gain SU(1,1) Interferometers.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 5, no. 4 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>.","ieee":"D. Scharwald, T. Meier, and P. Sharapova, “Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, Art. no. 043158, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158\">10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158</a>."},"intvolume":"         5","year":"2023","issue":"4","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]}}]