@misc{51133,
  abstract     = {{In order to standardize spray flame synthesis (SFS) studies, intensive work has been done in recent years on the design of burner types. Thus, in 2019, the so-called SpraySyn1 burner was introduced (SS1), which was subsequently characterized in numerical and experimental studies. Based on this research, a modification of the nozzle design was proposed, which has now been considered in the successor model, SpraySyn2 (SS2). As little is known about the effect of the nozzle adaptation on the particle formation, we operated both burners under identical operating conditions to produce maghemite. The final powder comparison showed that SS2 yielded considerable higher specific surface areas (associated with smaller primary particle sizes), lower polydispersity, and higher phase purity. To obtain further information on the size distributions of aggregates and agglomerates generated by SS2, aerosol samples were extracted by hole in a tube (HIAT) sampling and characterized by scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS). Samples were extracted along the centerline at different heights above the burner (HAB) above the visible flame tip (>7 cm), and quenching experiments were performed to extract the aerosol samples at different dilution rates. Thereby, it was demonstrated that performing detailed quenching experiments is crucial for obtaining representative HIAT-SMPS data. In particular, agglomerates/aggregate sizes were overestimated by up to ~70 % if samples were not sufficiently diluted. If sufficient dilution was applied, distribution widths and mean particle mobility diameters were determined with high accuracy (sample standard derivation <5 %). Our data suggested the evolution of primary particle sizes was mostly completed <7 cm HAB and it was shown aggregates/agglomerates present above the visible flame were compact in structure (non- fractal). The mean diameter of the particle ensemble grew along the centerline from 6.9 nm (7 cm) to 11.4 nm (15 cm), while distribution widths grew from 1.42 to 1.52.}},
  booktitle    = {{Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}},
  editor       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Massopo, Orlando and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Pyrmak, Olek and Dupont, Sophie and Fröde, Fabian and Pitsch, Heinz and Kneer, Reinhold}},
  keywords     = {{Flame Spray Pyrolysis, SpraySyn2, Spray flame synthesis, Maghemite nanoparticles, Gas to particle-conversion, Hole in a tube sampling}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS)}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{51136,
  abstract     = {{Iron oxide nanoparticles are very interesting for many applications in different industrial sectors. A promising
process to manufacture these nanoparticles is flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). A lack of understanding of the
individual sub-processes in FSP makes it challenging to tailor nanoparticle properties. This work provides
insights into the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in a turbulent spray flame using Large Eddy Simulations
(LES), which are based on a comprehensive model, including customized submodels. Highlights are the
adaption of a turbulent combustion model and a bivariate hybrid method of moments for modeling nanoparticle
dynamics. The work focuses on the SpraySyn burner, which is a standardized laboratory burner and was
operated with a precursor-solvent mixture of ethanol and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate. For studying the
relevance of precursor chemistry, LES using an evaporation-limited precursor chemistry model is compared
with a model that includes detailed iron chemistry. A further novelty is the inclusion of adsorption in the
simulation, which defines a third model for comparison. Sufficient validation is achieved for the undoped LES
using experimental data from the literature. A strong impact of the detailed iron chemistry and adsorption
is found on the precursor consumption and the aggregate and primary particle formation. Comparing the
particle diameters with experimental measurements from the literature and data generated for this work is
found unsuitable to asses the precursor chemistry model and revealed an urgent need for future experimental
and numerical research. This work serves as a step forward in realizing a reliable model.}},
  booktitle    = {{Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}},
  editor       = {{Fröde, Fabian  and Grenga, Temistocle  and Pitsch, Heinz  and Dupont, Sophie and Kneer, Reinhold and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Massopo, Orlando and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  keywords     = {{Flame spray pyrolysis, Iron oxide formation, Large eddy simulation, Method of moments, SpraySyn}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{51147,
  author       = {{Massopo, Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Fröde, Fabian and Grenga, Temistocle and Pitsch, Heinz and Bieber, Malte and Reddemann, Manuel and Kneer, Reinhold}},
  keywords     = {{Flame Stability, Particle Sample Extraction, SMPS, Impurities}},
  location     = {{Nürnberg}},
  publisher    = {{International Congress of Particle Technology}},
  title        = {{{Influence of atomization on the particle formation in spray flame pyrolysis (Presentation)}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{51142,
  author       = {{Massopo, Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Fröde, Fabian and Pitsch, Heinz and Reddemann, Manuel and Grenga, Temistocle and Kneer, Reinhold}},
  keywords     = {{SpraySyn, Flammenspraypyrolyse, Maghemite Nanopartikel, Gas to particle-Syntheseweg, Probennahme, Verunreinigung}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  publisher    = {{Jahrestreffen der DECHEMA-Fachgruppen Aerosoltechnik, Gasreinigung, Mehrphasenströmung und Partikelmesstechnik}},
  title        = {{{Einfluss der Zerstäubung auf diePartikelbildung bei der Sprayflammenpyrolyse (Vortrag)}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{25064,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  location     = {{UK, Ireland}},
  publisher    = {{EAC (European Aerosol Conference)}},
  title        = {{{Influence of household regeneration techniques on the filtration efficiency of FFP2 and surgical masks in the submicron size range}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{25066,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Bieber, M. and Reddemann, M. and Kneer, R. and Fröde, F. and Grenga, T. and Pitsch, H.}},
  location     = {{UK, Ireland}},
  publisher    = {{EAC (European Aerosol Conference)}},
  title        = {{{Influence of Atomization on Particle Formation in Spray Flames}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{30364,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Bieber, M. and Reddemann, M. and Kneer, R. and Fröde, F. and Grenga, T. and Pitsch, H.}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  title        = {{{Einfluss der Zerstäubung auf die Partikelsynthese in Sprayflammen}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{25062,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Bieber, M. and Reddemann , M. and Kneer, R. and Fröde, F. and Grenga, T. and Pitsch, H.}},
  location     = {{Duisburg}},
  publisher    = {{4th International Symposium Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials}},
  title        = {{{Influence of differing nozzle configurations on the final particle characteristics and particle structure evolution in spray flames}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{24515,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Bieber, M. and Kneer, R. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  keywords     = {{FSP, nanoparticle synthesis, in situ measurements}},
  location     = {{Nürnberg}},
  publisher    = {{PARTEC 2019 International Congress on Particle Technology}},
  title        = {{{Representative Sample Extraction from Spray Flames for SMPS and HR-TEM Measurements}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@inproceedings{25059,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  location     = {{Frankfurt}},
  publisher    = {{Jahrestreffen der ProcessNet-Fachgruppen Partikelmesstechnik und Aerosoltechnologie}},
  title        = {{{Experimentelle Charakterisierung von Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln aus Sprayflammen mit koaxialer Zweistoffzerstäubung}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@inproceedings{25057,
  author       = {{Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  location     = {{Bilbao}},
  publisher    = {{Bilbao Aerosol Technology }},
  title        = {{{Experimental und numerical investigation of nanoparticle properties in spray flames}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}