---
_id: '57467'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Additive manufacturing of metallic components often results in the
    formation of columnar grain structures aligned along the build direction. These
    elongated grains can introduce anisotropy, negatively impacting the mechanical
    properties of the components. This study aimed to achieve controlled solidification
    with a fine-grained microstructure to enhance the mechanical performance of printed
    parts. Stainless steel 316L was used as the test material. High-intensity ultrasound
    was applied during the direct energy deposition (DED) process to inhibit the formation
    of columnar grains. The investigation emphasized the importance of amplitude changes
    of the ultrasound wave as the system’s geometry continuously evolves with the
    addition of multiple layers and assessed how these changes influence the grain
    size and distribution. Initial tests revealed significant amplitude fluctuations
    during layer deposition, highlighting the impact of layer deposition on process
    uniformity. The mechanical results demonstrated that the application of ultrasound
    effectively refined the grain structure, leading to a 15% increase in tensile
    strength compared to conventionally additively manufactured samples.</jats:p>
article_number: '1001'
author:
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Lehnert, Dennis
  id: '90491'
  last_name: Lehnert
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Bödger, Christian
  id: '93904'
  last_name: Bödger
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Pabel, Philipp
  id: '67374'
  last_name: Pabel
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Scheidemann, Claus
  id: '38259'
  last_name: Scheidemann
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
  id: '210'
  last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Gnaase, Stefan
  id: '25730'
  last_name: Gnaase
- first_name: David
  full_name: Kostka, David
  last_name: Kostka
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Tröster, Thomas
  id: '553'
  last_name: Tröster
citation:
  ama: Lehnert D, Bödger C, Pabel P, et al. The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation
    of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced
    Component. <i>Crystals</i>. 2024;14(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">10.3390/cryst14111001</a>
  apa: Lehnert, D., Bödger, C., Pabel, P., Scheidemann, C., Hemsel, T., Gnaase, S.,
    Kostka, D., &#38; Tröster, T. (2024). The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation
    of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced
    Component. <i>Crystals</i>, <i>14</i>(11), Article 1001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Lehnert_Bödger_Pabel_Scheidemann_Hemsel_Gnaase_Kostka_Tröster_2024,
    title={The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by
    DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced Component}, volume={14}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">10.3390/cryst14111001</a>}, number={111001},
    journal={Crystals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Lehnert, Dennis and Bödger, Christian
    and Pabel, Philipp and Scheidemann, Claus and Hemsel, Tobias and Gnaase, Stefan
    and Kostka, David and Tröster, Thomas}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Lehnert, Dennis, Christian Bödger, Philipp Pabel, Claus Scheidemann, Tobias
    Hemsel, Stefan Gnaase, David Kostka, and Thomas Tröster. “The Influence of Ultrasonic
    Irradiation of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of
    the Produced Component.” <i>Crystals</i> 14, no. 11 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001</a>.
  ieee: 'D. Lehnert <i>et al.</i>, “The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation of a 316L
    Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced Component,”
    <i>Crystals</i>, vol. 14, no. 11, Art. no. 1001, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">10.3390/cryst14111001</a>.'
  mla: Lehnert, Dennis, et al. “The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation of a 316L
    Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced Component.”
    <i>Crystals</i>, vol. 14, no. 11, 1001, MDPI AG, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14111001">10.3390/cryst14111001</a>.
  short: D. Lehnert, C. Bödger, P. Pabel, C. Scheidemann, T. Hemsel, S. Gnaase, D.
    Kostka, T. Tröster, Crystals 14 (2024).
date_created: 2024-11-28T08:45:06Z
date_updated: 2026-02-23T08:07:37Z
ddc:
- '670'
department:
- _id: '149'
- _id: '321'
- _id: '9'
doi: 10.3390/cryst14111001
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dlehnert
  date_created: 2024-11-28T08:52:48Z
  date_updated: 2024-11-28T08:52:48Z
  file_id: '57470'
  file_name: crystals-14-01001-v2 (4).pdf
  file_size: 5779744
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-11-28T08:52:48Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Crystals
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2073-4352
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by DED
  on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced Component
type: journal_article
user_id: '93904'
volume: 14
year: '2024'
...