---
_id: '58231'
author:
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Kruse, Stephan
  id: '38254'
  last_name: Kruse
- first_name: Vijayalakshmi
  full_name: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
  id: '76626'
  last_name: Surendranath Shroff
- first_name: Meysam
  full_name: Bahmanian, Meysam
  id: '69233'
  last_name: Bahmanian
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Brockmeier, Jan
  id: '67349'
  last_name: Brockmeier
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Kruse S, Surendranath Shroff V, Bahmanian M, Brockmeier J, Scheytt JC. An
    Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with Optical Output for 77 GHz Photonic
    Radar. In: ; 2025.'
  apa: Kruse, S., Surendranath Shroff, V., Bahmanian, M., Brockmeier, J., & Scheytt,
    J. C. (2025). <i>An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with Optical Output
    for 77 GHz Photonic Radar</i>. German Microwave Conference, Dresden.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kruse_Surendranath Shroff_Bahmanian_Brockmeier_Scheytt_2025,
    title={An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with Optical Output for
    77 GHz Photonic Radar}, author={Kruse, Stephan and Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
    and Bahmanian, Meysam and Brockmeier, Jan and Scheytt, J. Christoph}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Kruse, Stephan, Vijayalakshmi Surendranath Shroff, Meysam Bahmanian, Jan
    Brockmeier, and J. Christoph Scheytt. “An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer
    with Optical Output for 77 GHz Photonic Radar,” 2025.
  ieee: S. Kruse, V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, J. Brockmeier, and J. C. Scheytt,
    “An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with Optical Output for 77 GHz
    Photonic Radar,” presented at the German Microwave Conference, Dresden, 2025.
  mla: Kruse, Stephan, et al. <i>An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with
    Optical Output for 77 GHz Photonic Radar</i>. 2025.
  short: 'S. Kruse, V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, J. Brockmeier, J.C. Scheytt,
    in: 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-03-19
  location: Dresden
  name: German Microwave Conference
  start_date: 2025-03-17
date_created: 2025-01-17T06:26:14Z
date_updated: 2025-03-24T06:40:59Z
department:
- _id: '58'
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: An Ultra Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesizer with Optical Output for 77 GHz
  Photonic Radar
type: conference
user_id: '76626'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62682'
author:
- first_name: Vijayalakshmi
  full_name: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
  id: '76626'
  last_name: Surendranath Shroff
- first_name: Meysam
  full_name: Bahmanian, Meysam
  id: '69233'
  last_name: Bahmanian
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Surendranath Shroff V, Bahmanian M, Scheytt JC. Ultra-Low Phase Noise Frequency
    Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based Comb-Microwave Synchronization. In:
    <i>2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025</i>. IEEE; 2025.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>'
  apa: Surendranath Shroff, V., Bahmanian, M., &#38; Scheytt, J. C. (2025). Ultra-Low
    Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based Comb-Microwave
    Synchronization. <i>2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Surendranath Shroff_Bahmanian_Scheytt_2025, title={Ultra-Low
    Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based Comb-Microwave
    Synchronization}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>},
    booktitle={2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025}, publisher={IEEE},
    author={Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi and Bahmanian, Meysam and Scheytt,
    J. Christoph}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, Meysam Bahmanian, and J. Christoph
    Scheytt. “Ultra-Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based
    Comb-Microwave Synchronization.” In <i>2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave
    Symposium - IMS 2025</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, and J. C. Scheytt, “Ultra-Low Phase
    Noise Frequency Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based Comb-Microwave Synchronization,”
    2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>.'
  mla: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, et al. “Ultra-Low Phase Noise Frequency
    Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based Comb-Microwave Synchronization.”
    <i>2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025</i>, IEEE, 2025,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035">10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035</a>.
  short: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, J.C. Scheytt, in: 2025 IEEE/MTT-S
    International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025, IEEE, 2025.'
date_created: 2025-11-28T05:58:53Z
date_updated: 2025-12-11T08:08:10Z
doi: 10.1109/ims40360.2025.11104035
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 2025 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2025
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Ultra-Low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis Using Electro-Optic Detector-Based
  Comb-Microwave Synchronization
type: conference
user_id: '76626'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62683'
author:
- first_name: Vijayalakshmi
  full_name: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
  id: '76626'
  last_name: Surendranath Shroff
- first_name: Meysam
  full_name: Bahmanian, Meysam
  id: '69233'
  last_name: Bahmanian
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Surendranath Shroff V, Bahmanian M, Scheytt JC. Noise Folding in Optoelectronic
    PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and Suppression With Experimental Validation.
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques</i>. Published online
    2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>'
  apa: 'Surendranath Shroff, V., Bahmanian, M., &#38; Scheytt, J. C. (2025). Noise
    Folding in Optoelectronic PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and Suppression
    With Experimental Validation. <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Surendranath Shroff_Bahmanian_Scheytt_2025, title={Noise Folding
    in Optoelectronic PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and Suppression With
    Experimental Validation}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>},
    journal={IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, publisher={IEEE},
    author={Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi and Bahmanian, Meysam and Scheytt,
    J. Christoph}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, Meysam Bahmanian, and J. Christoph
    Scheytt. “Noise Folding in Optoelectronic PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling
    and Suppression With Experimental Validation.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave
    Theory and Techniques</i>, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>.'
  ieee: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, and J. C. Scheytt, “Noise Folding in
    Optoelectronic PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and Suppression With Experimental
    Validation,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques</i>, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>.'
  mla: 'Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, et al. “Noise Folding in Optoelectronic
    PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and Suppression With Experimental Validation.”
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques</i>, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413">10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413</a>.'
  short: V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, J.C. Scheytt, IEEE Transactions on
    Microwave Theory and Techniques (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-28T06:00:13Z
date_updated: 2025-12-11T08:08:04Z
doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3615413
language:
- iso: eng
publication: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: 'Noise Folding in Optoelectronic PLLs for Ultralow Phase Noise: Modeling and
  Suppression With Experimental Validation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '76626'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '57103'
author:
- first_name: Vijayalakshmi
  full_name: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
  id: '76626'
  last_name: Surendranath Shroff
- first_name: Meysam
  full_name: Bahmanian, Meysam
  id: '69233'
  last_name: Bahmanian
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Kruse, Stephan
  id: '38254'
  last_name: Kruse
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Surendranath Shroff V, Bahmanian M, Kruse S, Scheytt JC. Design of an Ultra-Low
    Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology. In: <i>2024
    IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium
    (BCICTS) </i>. IEEE; 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>'
  apa: Surendranath Shroff, V., Bahmanian, M., Kruse, S., &#38; Scheytt, J. C. (2024).
    Design of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology.
    <i>2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology
    Symposium (BCICTS) </i>. 2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated
    Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) , Fort Lauderdale, Florida. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Surendranath Shroff_Bahmanian_Kruse_Scheytt_2024, title={Design
    of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>},
    booktitle={2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and
    Technology Symposium (BCICTS) }, publisher={IEEE}, author={Surendranath Shroff,
    Vijayalakshmi and Bahmanian, Meysam and Kruse, Stephan and Scheytt, J. Christoph},
    year={2024} }'
  chicago: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, Meysam Bahmanian, Stephan Kruse, and
    J. Christoph Scheytt. “Design of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier
    in 130 Nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology.” In <i>2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor
    Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) </i>. IEEE, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, S. Kruse, and J. C. Scheytt, “Design
    of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology,”
    presented at the 2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits
    and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) , Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>.'
  mla: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, et al. “Design of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise
    Broadband Amplifier in 130 Nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology.” <i>2024 IEEE BiCMOS and
    Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) </i>,
    IEEE, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663">10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663</a>.
  short: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, M. Bahmanian, S. Kruse, J.C. Scheytt, in: 2024 IEEE
    BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium
    (BCICTS) , IEEE, 2024.'
conference:
  location: Fort Lauderdale, Florida
  name: '2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology
    Symposium (BCICTS) '
date_created: 2024-11-15T09:57:42Z
date_updated: 2025-11-28T05:39:07Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/BCICTS59662.2024.10745663
language:
- iso: eng
publication: '2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and
  Technology Symposium (BCICTS) '
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Design of an Ultra-Low Phase Noise Broadband Amplifier in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS
  Technology
type: conference
user_id: '76626'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '47521'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "This paper experimentally investigates and interprets the e®ects of noise
    and non-\r\nlinearity in a silicon photonic optical test structure. For the analysis
    di®erent optoelectronic phase\r\nnoise measurement techniques are used. Our tests
    focuses on the performance of integrated opti-\r\ncal test structures using femtosecond
    pulses in the 1550nm spectral range. A primary objective\r\nis to understand the
    behaviour of silicon photonic waveguides that can be further employed in the\r\nimplementation
    of an optoelectronic phase-locked loop (OEPLL) in silicon photonics technology.\r\nA
    comparison of our results, as well as a discussion on the di®erent optoelectronic
    phase noise\r\nmeasurement techniques are presented. Our ¯ndings provide insights
    that can be leveraged to\r\noptimize the design and performance of ultra-low phase
    noise on-chip OEPLL systems locking\r\nto mode-locked laser (MLL) signals. In
    the future such systems can be essential for advanced\r\ncommunication and sensing
    applications."
author:
- first_name: Vijayalakshmi
  full_name: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi
  id: '76626'
  last_name: Surendranath Shroff
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Kress, Christian
  id: '13256'
  last_name: Kress
- first_name: Meysam
  full_name: Bahmanian, Meysam
  id: '69233'
  last_name: Bahmanian
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Surendranath Shroff V, Kress C, Bahmanian M, Scheytt JC. Analysis of Phase
    Noise in Waveguide-integrated Optical Test Structures in Silicon Photonics. In:
    <i>2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), </i>. IEEE;
    2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>'
  apa: Surendranath Shroff, V., Kress, C., Bahmanian, M., &#38; Scheytt, J. C. (2023).
    Analysis of Phase Noise in Waveguide-integrated Optical Test Structures in Silicon
    Photonics. <i>2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS),
    </i>. 2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Prague,
    Czech Republic. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Surendranath Shroff_Kress_Bahmanian_Scheytt_2023, title={Analysis
    of Phase Noise in Waveguide-integrated Optical Test Structures in Silicon Photonics},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>},
    booktitle={2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), },
    publisher={IEEE}, author={Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi and Kress, Christian
    and Bahmanian, Meysam and Scheytt, J. Christoph}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, Christian Kress, Meysam Bahmanian,
    and J. Christoph Scheytt. “Analysis of Phase Noise in Waveguide-Integrated Optical
    Test Structures in Silicon Photonics.” In <i>2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics
    Research Symposium (PIERS), </i>. IEEE, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, C. Kress, M. Bahmanian, and J. C. Scheytt, “Analysis
    of Phase Noise in Waveguide-integrated Optical Test Structures in Silicon Photonics,”
    presented at the 2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS),
    Prague, Czech Republic, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>.'
  mla: Surendranath Shroff, Vijayalakshmi, et al. “Analysis of Phase Noise in Waveguide-Integrated
    Optical Test Structures in Silicon Photonics.” <i>2023 PhotonIcs &#38; Electromagnetics
    Research Symposium (PIERS), </i>, IEEE, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473">10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473</a>.
  short: 'V. Surendranath Shroff, C. Kress, M. Bahmanian, J.C. Scheytt, in: 2023 PhotonIcs
    &#38; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), , IEEE, 2023.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-07-06
  location: Prague, Czech Republic
  name: 2023 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)
  start_date: 2023-07-03
date_created: 2023-09-27T11:08:23Z
date_updated: 2025-02-11T10:58:57Z
department:
- _id: '58'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221473
language:
- iso: eng
publication: '2023 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), '
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 979-8-3503-1284-3
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Analysis of Phase Noise in Waveguide-integrated Optical Test Structures in
  Silicon Photonics
type: conference
user_id: '76626'
year: '2023'
...