[{"publication":"Learning and Instruction","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:35:09Z","file":[{"file_id":"59927","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Steib et al 2025 How to train Bayesian reasoning.pdf","file_size":13811141,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:13:26Z","date_created":"2025-05-17T18:13:26Z","creator":"binder"}],"intvolume":"        95","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:14:24Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0959-4752"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Steib, Nicole","first_name":"Nicole","last_name":"Steib"},{"last_name":"Büchter","first_name":"Theresa","full_name":"Büchter, Theresa"},{"full_name":"Eichler, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Eichler"},{"id":"83381","full_name":"Binder, Karin","last_name":"Binder","first_name":"Karin"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss"},{"full_name":"Böcherer-Linder, Katharina","last_name":"Böcherer-Linder","first_name":"Katharina"},{"full_name":"Vogel, Markus","first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Vogel"},{"last_name":"Hilbert","first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Hilbert, Sven"}],"year":"2024","title":"How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different probability training courses","doi":"10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"102032","citation":{"chicago":"Steib, Nicole, Theresa Büchter, Andreas Eichler, Karin Binder, Stefan Krauss, Katharina Böcherer-Linder, Markus Vogel, and Sven Hilbert. “How to Teach Bayesian Reasoning: An Empirical Study Comparing Four Different Probability Training Courses.” <i>Learning and Instruction</i> 95 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>.","short":"N. Steib, T. Büchter, A. Eichler, K. Binder, S. Krauss, K. Böcherer-Linder, M. Vogel, S. Hilbert, Learning and Instruction 95 (2024).","ieee":"N. Steib <i>et al.</i>, “How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different probability training courses,” <i>Learning and Instruction</i>, vol. 95, Art. no. 102032, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>.","apa":"Steib, N., Büchter, T., Eichler, A., Binder, K., Krauss, S., Böcherer-Linder, K., Vogel, M., &#38; Hilbert, S. (2024). How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different probability training courses. <i>Learning and Instruction</i>, <i>95</i>, Article 102032. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>","bibtex":"@article{Steib_Büchter_Eichler_Binder_Krauss_Böcherer-Linder_Vogel_Hilbert_2024, title={How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different probability training courses}, volume={95}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>}, number={102032}, journal={Learning and Instruction}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Steib, Nicole and Büchter, Theresa and Eichler, Andreas and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Böcherer-Linder, Katharina and Vogel, Markus and Hilbert, Sven}, year={2024} }","ama":"Steib N, Büchter T, Eichler A, et al. How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different probability training courses. <i>Learning and Instruction</i>. 2024;95. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>","mla":"Steib, Nicole, et al. “How to Teach Bayesian Reasoning: An Empirical Study Comparing Four Different Probability Training Courses.” <i>Learning and Instruction</i>, vol. 95, 102032, Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032\">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:13:26Z","status":"public","volume":95,"ddc":["370"],"user_id":"83381","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"59437"},{"user_id":"93843","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59986","date_updated":"2026-01-15T10:34:56Z","author":[{"id":"93843","full_name":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene","last_name":"Garnelo Abellanas","first_name":"Irene"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Liebendörfer","full_name":"Liebendörfer, Michael"}],"status":"public","title":"Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre","year":"2024","type":"conference","date_created":"2025-05-19T07:24:49Z","citation":{"mla":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Herausforderungen Beim Einsatz Interaktiver Theorembeweiser in Der Hochschullehre.” <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024</i>, 2024.","ama":"Garnelo Abellanas I, Liebendörfer M. Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre. In: <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024</i>. ; 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_2024, title={Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre}, booktitle={Beiträge zum Mathematikunterricht 2024}, author={Garnelo Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer, Michael}, year={2024} }","apa":"Garnelo Abellanas, I., &#38; Liebendörfer, M. (2024). Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre. <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024</i>.","ieee":"I. Garnelo Abellanas and M. Liebendörfer, “Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre,” 2024.","chicago":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Herausforderungen Beim Einsatz Interaktiver Theorembeweiser in Der Hochschullehre.” In <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024</i>, 2024.","short":"I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, in: Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024, 2024."},"publication":"Beiträge zum Mathematikunterricht 2024"},{"file_date_updated":"2025-05-19T08:51:19Z","citation":{"short":"A. Eichler, H. Floren, I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, R. Müller, M. Schürmann, A. Speer, in: INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics, Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM, Barcelona, 2024.","chicago":"Eichler, Andreas, Henrik Floren, Irene Garnelo Abellanas, Michael Liebendörfer, Raphael Müller, Mirko Schürmann, and Annabelle Speer. “Digital STACK Tasks and Exam Results.” In <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>. Barcelona: Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM, 2024. <a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>.","ieee":"A. Eichler <i>et al.</i>, “Digital STACK tasks and exam results,” presented at the Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics, Barcelona, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>.","apa":"Eichler, A., Floren, H., Garnelo Abellanas, I., Liebendörfer, M., Müller, R., Schürmann, M., &#38; Speer, A. (2024). Digital STACK tasks and exam results. <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>. Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics, Barcelona. <a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Eichler_Floren_Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_Müller_Schürmann_Speer_2024, place={Barcelona}, title={Digital STACK tasks and exam results}, DOI={<a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>}, booktitle={INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics}, publisher={Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM}, author={Eichler, Andreas and Floren, Henrik and Garnelo Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer, Michael and Müller, Raphael and Schürmann, Mirko and Speer, Annabelle}, year={2024} }","ama":"Eichler A, Floren H, Garnelo Abellanas I, et al. Digital STACK tasks and exam results. In: <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>. Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>","mla":"Eichler, Andreas, et al. “Digital STACK Tasks and Exam Results.” <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>, Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1\">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>."},"place":"Barcelona","oa":"1","status":"public","conference":{"end_date":"2024-06-14","start_date":"2024-06-10","name":"Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics","location":"Barcelona"},"has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"59990","publisher":"Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM","user_id":"55246","ddc":["510"],"publication":"INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics","file":[{"creator":"rmuelle2","date_created":"2025-05-19T08:51:19Z","date_updated":"2025-05-19T08:51:19Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_size":850253,"file_name":"Poster_Indrum_2024_Digital-STACK-Tasks_Exam-Results.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"59991"}],"date_created":"2025-05-19T08:51:27Z","type":"conference","year":"2024","title":"Digital STACK tasks and exam results","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2496-1027 (online)"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Eichler","first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Eichler, Andreas"},{"full_name":"Floren, Henrik","first_name":"Henrik","last_name":"Floren"},{"full_name":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene","last_name":"Garnelo Abellanas","first_name":"Irene","id":"93843"},{"full_name":"Liebendörfer, Michael","first_name":"Michael","orcid":"0000-0001-9887-2074","last_name":"Liebendörfer","id":"30933"},{"id":"55246","full_name":"Müller, Raphael","first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Müller"},{"full_name":"Schürmann, Mirko","orcid":"0000-0003-2646-085X","first_name":"Mirko","last_name":"Schürmann","id":"59707"},{"full_name":"Speer, Annabelle","first_name":"Annabelle","last_name":"Speer"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-06-25T07:50:49Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1"},{"_id":"59436","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","user_id":"83381","ddc":["360"],"volume":18,"status":"public","file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:15:18Z","citation":{"apa":"Brose, S. F., Binder, K., Fischer, M. R., Reincke, M., Braun, L. T., &#38; Schmidmaier, R. (2023). Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization. <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>18</i>(6), Article e0283947. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>","ieee":"S. F. Brose, K. Binder, M. R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L. T. Braun, and R. Schmidmaier, “Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization,” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 18, no. 6, Art. no. e0283947, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.","short":"S.F. Brose, K. Binder, M.R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L.T. Braun, R. Schmidmaier, PLOS ONE 18 (2023).","chicago":"Brose, Sarah Frederike, Karin Binder, Martin R. Fischer, Martin Reincke, Leah T. Braun, and Ralf Schmidmaier. “Bayesian versus Diagnostic Information in Physician-Patient Communication: Effects of Direction of Statistical Information and Presentation of Visualization.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 18, no. 6 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.","mla":"Brose, Sarah Frederike, et al. “Bayesian versus Diagnostic Information in Physician-Patient Communication: Effects of Direction of Statistical Information and Presentation of Visualization.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 18, no. 6, e0283947, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.","ama":"Brose SF, Binder K, Fischer MR, Reincke M, Braun LT, Schmidmaier R. Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. 2023;18(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>","bibtex":"@article{Brose_Binder_Fischer_Reincke_Braun_Schmidmaier_2023, title={Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization}, volume={18}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947\">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>}, number={6e0283947}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Brose, Sarah Frederike and Binder, Karin and Fischer, Martin R. and Reincke, Martin and Braun, Leah T. and Schmidmaier, Ralf}, year={2023} }"},"article_number":"e0283947","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0283947","year":"2023","title":"Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization","author":[{"full_name":"Brose, Sarah Frederike","first_name":"Sarah Frederike","last_name":"Brose"},{"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","full_name":"Binder, Karin","id":"83381"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Fischer"},{"full_name":"Reincke, Martin","last_name":"Reincke","first_name":"Martin"},{"full_name":"Braun, Leah T.","last_name":"Braun","first_name":"Leah T."},{"first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"Schmidmaier","full_name":"Schmidmaier, Ralf"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1932-6203"]},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:15:35Z","intvolume":"        18","file":[{"file_name":"Brose, Binder, Fischer, Reincke, Braun, Schmidmaier 2023 Bayesian versus diagnostic information.pdf","file_size":2010557,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:15:18Z","file_id":"59928","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"creator":"binder","date_created":"2025-05-17T18:15:18Z"}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:34:41Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"6","publication":"PLOS ONE","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating well with patients is a competence central to everyday clinical practice, and communicating statistical information, especially in Bayesian reasoning tasks, can be challenging. In Bayesian reasoning tasks, information can be communicated in two different ways (which we call<jats:italic>directions of information</jats:italic>): The direction of<jats:italic>Bayesian information</jats:italic>(e.g., proportion of people tested positive among those with the disease) and the direction of<jats:italic>diagnostic information</jats:italic>(e.g., the proportion of people having the disease among those tested positive). The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of both the direction of the information presented and whether a visualization (frequency net) is presented with it on patient’s ability to quantify a positive predictive value.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Material and methods</jats:title><jats:p>109 participants completed four different medical cases (2⨯2⨯4 design) that were presented in a video; a physician communicated frequencies using different directions of information (Bayesian information vs. diagnostic information). In half of the cases for each direction, participants were given a frequency net. After watching the video, participants stated a positive predictive value. Accuracy and speed of response were analyzed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating with Bayesian information led to participant performance of only 10% (without frequency net) and 37% (with frequency net) accuracy. The tasks communicated with diagnostic information but without a frequency net were correctly solved by 72% of participants, but accuracy rate decreased to 61% when participants were given a frequency net. Participants with correct responses in the Bayesian information version without visualization took longest to complete the tasks (median of 106 seconds; median of 13.5, 14.0, and 14.5 seconds in other versions).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating with diagnostic information rather than Bayesian information helps patients to understand specific information better and more quickly. Patients’ understanding of the relevance of test results is strongly dependent on the way the information is presented.</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]},{"author":[{"id":"55246","last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Raphael","full_name":"Müller, Raphael"}],"year":"2023","status":"public","title":"On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions","date_updated":"2025-05-19T08:58:21Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"59988","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://katalog.ub.uni-paderborn.de/local/r/99372717691706441","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"55246","citation":{"ieee":"R. Müller, <i>On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions</i>. 2023.","apa":"Müller, R. (2023). <i>On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions</i>.","short":"R. Müller, On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions, 2023.","chicago":"Müller, Raphael. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions</i>, 2023.","mla":"Müller, Raphael. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions</i>. 2023.","bibtex":"@book{Müller_2023, title={On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions}, author={Müller, Raphael}, year={2023} }","ama":"Müller R. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions</i>.; 2023."},"date_created":"2025-05-19T08:22:06Z","oa":"1","department":[{"_id":"43"}],"type":"dissertation"},{"status":"public","year":"2023","title":"Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean","conference":{"location":"Budapest","name":"Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13)"},"author":[{"id":"93843","last_name":"Garnelo Abellanas","first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Liebendörfer","full_name":"Liebendörfer, Michael"}],"date_updated":"2026-01-15T10:36:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59984","user_id":"93843","publication":"Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)","citation":{"mla":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Introducing Mathematics Undergraduate Students to the Theorem Prover Lean.” <i>Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_2023, title={Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean}, booktitle={Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)}, author={Garnelo Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer, Michael}, year={2023} }","ama":"Garnelo Abellanas I, Liebendörfer M. Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean. In: <i>Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>. ; 2023.","ieee":"I. Garnelo Abellanas and M. Liebendörfer, “Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean,” presented at the Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13), Budapest, 2023.","apa":"Garnelo Abellanas, I., &#38; Liebendörfer, M. (2023). Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean. <i>Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>. Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13), Budapest.","chicago":"Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Introducing Mathematics Undergraduate Students to the Theorem Prover Lean.” In <i>Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>, 2023.","short":"I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, in: Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13), 2023."},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://hal.science/hal-04406679v1/file/TWG_14-Garnelo-218.pdf"}]},"date_created":"2025-05-19T07:19:01Z","type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"983"}]},{"citation":{"short":"A.K. Kunzelmann, K. Binder, M.R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L.T. Braun, R. Schmidmaier, MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice 7 (2022).","chicago":"Kunzelmann, Alexandra K., Karin Binder, Martin R. Fischer, Martin Reincke, Leah T. Braun, and Ralf Schmidmaier. “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i> 7, no. 1 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623</a>.","apa":"Kunzelmann, A. K., Binder, K., Fischer, M. R., Reincke, M., Braun, L. T., &#38; Schmidmaier, R. (2022). Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning. <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>, <i>7</i>(1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623</a>","ieee":"A. K. Kunzelmann, K. Binder, M. R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L. T. Braun, and R. Schmidmaier, “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning,” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>.","ama":"Kunzelmann AK, Binder K, Fischer MR, Reincke M, Braun LT, Schmidmaier R. Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning. <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>. 2022;7(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kunzelmann_Binder_Fischer_Reincke_Braun_Schmidmaier_2022, title={Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>}, number={1}, journal={MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Kunzelmann, Alexandra K. and Binder, Karin and Fischer, Martin R. and Reincke, Martin and Braun, Leah T. and Schmidmaier, Ralf}, year={2022} }","mla":"Kunzelmann, Alexandra K., et al. “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, SAGE Publications, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623\">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:22:12Z","volume":7,"ddc":["370"],"user_id":"83381","publisher":"SAGE Publications","_id":"59434","status":"public","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:33:53Z","file":[{"date_created":"2025-05-17T18:22:12Z","creator":"binder","file_id":"59930","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Kunzelmann Binder Fischer Reincke Braun Schmidmaier_2022_Improving diagnostic efficiency_MDM_PP.pdf","access_level":"closed","file_size":1131713,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:22:12Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p> Background. Medical students often have problems with Bayesian reasoning situations. Representing statistical information as natural frequencies (instead of probabilities) and visualizing them (e.g., with double-trees or net diagrams) leads to higher accuracy in solving these tasks. However, double-trees and net diagrams (which already contain the correct solution of the task, so that the solution could be read of the diagrams) have not yet been studied in medical education. This study examined the influence of information format (probabilities v. frequencies) and visualization (double-tree v. net diagram) on the accuracy and speed of Bayesian judgments. Methods. A total of 142 medical students at different university medical schools (Munich, Kiel, Goettingen, Erlangen, Nuremberg, Berlin, Regensburg) in Germany predicted posterior probabilities in 4 different medical Bayesian reasoning tasks, resulting in a 3-factorial 2 × 2 × 4 design. The diagnostic efficiency for the different versions was represented as the median time divided by the percentage of correct inferences. Results. Frequency visualizations led to a significantly higher accuracy and faster judgments than did probability visualizations. Participants solved 80% of the tasks correctly in the frequency double-tree and the frequency net diagram. Visualizations with probabilities also led to relatively high performance rates: 73% in the probability double-tree and 70% in the probability net diagram. The median time for a correct inference was fastest with the frequency double tree (2:08 min) followed by the frequency net diagram and the probability double-tree (both 2:26 min) and probability net diagram (2:33 min). The type of visualization did not result in a significant difference. Discussion. Frequency double-trees and frequency net diagrams help answer Bayesian tasks more accurately and also more quickly than the respective probability visualizations. Surprisingly, the effect of information format (probabilities v. frequencies) on performance was higher in previous studies: medical students seem also quite capable of identifying the correct solution to the Bayesian task, among other probabilities in the probability visualizations. </jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights</jats:title><jats:p> Frequency double-trees and frequency nets help answer Bayesian tasks not only more accurately but also more quickly than the respective probability visualizations. In double-trees and net diagrams, the effect of the information format (probabilities v. natural frequencies) on performance is remarkably lower in this high-performing sample than that shown in previous studies. </jats:p></jats:sec>"}],"issue":"1","publication":"MDM Policy &amp; Practice","doi":"10.1177/23814683221086623","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"         7","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:22:27Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2381-4683","2381-4683"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Kunzelmann, Alexandra K.","last_name":"Kunzelmann","first_name":"Alexandra K."},{"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","full_name":"Binder, Karin","id":"83381"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Martin R.","first_name":"Martin R.","last_name":"Fischer"},{"full_name":"Reincke, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Reincke"},{"full_name":"Braun, Leah T.","first_name":"Leah T.","last_name":"Braun"},{"full_name":"Schmidmaier, Ralf","first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"Schmidmaier"}],"year":"2022","title":"Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning"},{"intvolume":"        44","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:37:30Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"83381","full_name":"Binder, Karin","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder"},{"full_name":"Steib, Nicole","last_name":"Steib","first_name":"Nicole"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0173-5322","1869-2699"]},"year":"2022","title":"Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?","doi":"10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung</jats:title><jats:p>In stochastischen Situationen mit zwei dichotomen Merkmalen erlauben weder die schulüblichen Baumdiagramme noch Vierfeldertafeln die simultane Darstellung sämtlicher in der Situation möglicher Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Das im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellte Netz hat die Kapazität, alle vier möglichen Randwahrscheinlichkeiten, alle vier Schnittwahrscheinlichkeiten sowie alle acht bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten<jats:italic> gleichzeitig</jats:italic> darzustellen. Darüber hinaus ist – aufgrund der Knoten-Ast-Struktur des Netzes – die simultane Darstellung von Wahrscheinlichkeiten <jats:italic>und</jats:italic> absoluten Häufigkeiten mit dieser Visualisierung ebenfalls möglich. Bei der sukzessiven Erweiterung des typischen Baumdiagramms zunächst zum Doppelbaum und schließlich zum Netz sinkt der Inferenzgrad (d. h. weniger kognitive Schritte sind erforderlich) z. B. für Fragen nach bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten, aber gleichzeitig steigt die Komplexität der Darstellung und somit die extrinsische kognitive Belastung. Im vorliegenden Artikel erfolgt zunächst ein theoretischer Vergleich dieser Knoten-Ast-Strukturen. Eine anschließende Studie illustriert, dass sich die sukzessive Erweiterung bereits vollständig ausgefüllter Diagramme positiv auf die Performanz von <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 269 Schülerinnen und Schülern auswirkt. Obwohl <jats:italic>Häufigkeitsdoppelbäume</jats:italic> und <jats:italic>Häufigkeitsnetze </jats:italic>den Schülerinnen und Schülern gänzlich unbekannt waren, unterstützten diese Visualisierungen die Schülerinnen und Schüler bei der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben am meisten.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik","issue":"2","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:32:04Z","file":[{"file_name":"Binder Steib Krauss 2023 Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen - JMD.pdf","file_size":3105846,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:37:16Z","file_id":"59933","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"creator":"binder","date_created":"2025-05-17T18:37:16Z"}],"status":"public","volume":44,"ddc":["370"],"user_id":"83381","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"59432","page":"471-503","citation":{"ama":"Binder K, Steib N, Krauss S. Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive? <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>. 2022;44(2):471-503. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>","bibtex":"@article{Binder_Steib_Krauss_2022, title={Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?}, volume={44}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>}, number={2}, journal={Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Steib, Nicole and Krauss, Stefan}, year={2022}, pages={471–503} }","mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 44, no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, pp. 471–503, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>.","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Nicole Steib, and Stefan Krauss. “Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i> 44, no. 2 (2022): 471–503. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>.","short":"K. Binder, N. Steib, S. Krauss, Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik 44 (2022) 471–503.","apa":"Binder, K., Steib, N., &#38; Krauss, S. (2022). Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive? <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, <i>44</i>(2), 471–503. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, N. Steib, and S. Krauss, “Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?,” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 471–503, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9\">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:37:16Z"},{"publication":"Frontiers in Psychology","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Bruckmaier_Krauss_Binder_Hilbert_Brunner_2021, title={Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Bruckmaier, Georg and Krauss, Stefan and Binder, Karin and Hilbert, Sven and Brunner, Martin}, year={2021} }","ama":"Bruckmaier G, Krauss S, Binder K, Hilbert S, Brunner M. Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why? <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. 2021;12. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>","mla":"Bruckmaier, Georg, et al. “Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 12, Frontiers Media SA, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.","short":"G. Bruckmaier, S. Krauss, K. Binder, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021).","chicago":"Bruckmaier, Georg, Stefan Krauss, Karin Binder, Sven Hilbert, and Martin Brunner. “Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 12 (2021). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.","ieee":"G. Bruckmaier, S. Krauss, K. Binder, S. Hilbert, and M. Brunner, “Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 12, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.","apa":"Bruckmaier, G., Krauss, S., Binder, K., Hilbert, S., &#38; Brunner, M. (2021). Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why? <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>12</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>"},"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>In the present paper we empirically investigate the psychometric properties of some of the most famous statistical and logical cognitive illusions from the “heuristics and biases” research program by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who nearly 50 years ago introduced fascinating brain teasers such as the famous Linda problem, the Wason card selection task, and so-called Bayesian reasoning problems (e.g., the mammography task). In the meantime, a great number of articles has been published that empirically examine single cognitive illusions, theoretically explaining people’s faulty thinking, or proposing and experimentally implementing measures to foster insight and to make these problems accessible to the human mind. Yet these problems have thus far usually been empirically analyzed on an individual-item level only (e.g., by experimentally comparing participants’ performance on various versions of one of these problems). In this paper, by contrast, we examine these illusions as a group and look at the ability to solve them as a psychological construct. Based on an sample of<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>= 2,643 Luxembourgian school students of age 16–18 we investigate the internal psychometric structure of these illusions (i.e., Are they substantially correlated? Do they form a reflexive or a formative construct?), their connection to related constructs (e.g., Are they distinguishable from intelligence or mathematical competence in a confirmatory factor analysis?), and the question of which of a person’s abilities can predict the correct solution of these brain teasers (by means of a regression analysis).</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:29:50Z","type":"journal_article","year":"2021","status":"public","title":"Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-1078"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Bruckmaier, Georg","last_name":"Bruckmaier","first_name":"Georg"},{"last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Krauss, Stefan"},{"id":"83381","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","full_name":"Binder, Karin"},{"full_name":"Hilbert, Sven","last_name":"Hilbert","first_name":"Sven"},{"full_name":"Brunner, Martin","last_name":"Brunner","first_name":"Martin"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:11:23Z","intvolume":"        12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59429","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","user_id":"83381","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689","volume":12},{"issue":"3","publication":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>When physicians are asked to determine the positive predictive value from the a priori probability of a disease and the sensitivity and false positive rate of a medical test (Bayesian reasoning), it often comes to misjudgments with serious consequences. In daily clinical practice, however, it is not only important that doctors receive a tool with which they can<jats:italic>correctly</jats:italic>judge—the<jats:italic>speed</jats:italic>of these judgments is also a crucial factor. In this study, we analyzed accuracy and efficiency in medical Bayesian inferences. In an empirical study we varied information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies) and visualization (text only vs. tree only) for four contexts. 111 medical students participated in this study by working on four Bayesian tasks with common medical problems. The correctness of their answers was coded and the time spent on task was recorded. The median time for a correct Bayesian inference is fastest in the version with a frequency tree (2:55 min) compared to the version with a probability tree (5:47 min) or to the text only versions based on natural frequencies (4:13 min) or probabilities (9:59 min).The score<jats:italic>diagnostic efficiency</jats:italic>(calculated by: median time divided by percentage of correct inferences) is best in the version with a frequency tree (4:53 min). Frequency trees allow more accurate<jats:italic>and</jats:italic>faster judgments. Improving correctness and efficiency in Bayesian tasks might help to decrease overdiagnosis in daily clinical practice, which on the one hand cause cost and on the other hand might endanger patients’ safety.</jats:p>"}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:36:11Z","file":[{"date_created":"2025-05-17T18:23:17Z","creator":"binder","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"59931","access_level":"closed","file_size":1265280,"file_name":"Binder Krauss Schmidmaier Braun 2021 Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in BR.pdf","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:23:17Z","relation":"main_file"}],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Binder, Karin","last_name":"Binder","first_name":"Karin","id":"83381"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss"},{"full_name":"Schmidmaier, Ralf","last_name":"Schmidmaier","first_name":"Ralf"},{"last_name":"Braun","first_name":"Leah T.","full_name":"Braun, Leah T."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1382-4996","1573-1677"]},"year":"2021","title":"Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        26","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:23:31Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8","citation":{"mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021, pp. 847–63, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Binder_Krauss_Schmidmaier_Braun_2021, title={Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning}, volume={26}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>}, number={3}, journal={Advances in Health Sciences Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Schmidmaier, Ralf and Braun, Leah T.}, year={2021}, pages={847–863} }","ama":"Binder K, Krauss S, Schmidmaier R, Braun LT. Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>. 2021;26(3):847-863. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, and L. T. Braun, “Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning,” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 847–863, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.","apa":"Binder, K., Krauss, S., Schmidmaier, R., &#38; Braun, L. T. (2021). Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, <i>26</i>(3), 847–863. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>","short":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, L.T. Braun, Advances in Health Sciences Education 26 (2021) 847–863.","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Ralf Schmidmaier, and Leah T. Braun. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i> 26, no. 3 (2021): 847–63. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:23:17Z","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"59439","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","page":"847-863","volume":26,"user_id":"83381","ddc":["370"]},{"date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:36:06Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        26","article_type":"original","year":"2021","title":"Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1382-4996","1573-1677"]},"author":[{"id":"83381","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","full_name":"Binder, Karin"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Schmidmaier, Ralf","first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"Schmidmaier"},{"full_name":"Braun, Leah T.","last_name":"Braun","first_name":"Leah T."}],"doi":"10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>When physicians are asked to determine the positive predictive value from the a priori probability of a disease and the sensitivity and false positive rate of a medical test (Bayesian reasoning), it often comes to misjudgments with serious consequences. In daily clinical practice, however, it is not only important that doctors receive a tool with which they can<jats:italic>correctly</jats:italic>judge—the<jats:italic>speed</jats:italic>of these judgments is also a crucial factor. In this study, we analyzed accuracy and efficiency in medical Bayesian inferences. In an empirical study we varied information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies) and visualization (text only vs. tree only) for four contexts. 111 medical students participated in this study by working on four Bayesian tasks with common medical problems. The correctness of their answers was coded and the time spent on task was recorded. The median time for a correct Bayesian inference is fastest in the version with a frequency tree (2:55 min) compared to the version with a probability tree (5:47 min) or to the text only versions based on natural frequencies (4:13 min) or probabilities (9:59 min).The score<jats:italic>diagnostic efficiency</jats:italic>(calculated by: median time divided by percentage of correct inferences) is best in the version with a frequency tree (4:53 min). Frequency trees allow more accurate<jats:italic>and</jats:italic>faster judgments. Improving correctness and efficiency in Bayesian tasks might help to decrease overdiagnosis in daily clinical practice, which on the one hand cause cost and on the other hand might endanger patients’ safety.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"3","publication":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","type":"journal_article","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"59932","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:35:43Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"closed","file_size":1389359,"file_name":"Binder et al. 2021 Natural frequency trees improve.pdf","date_created":"2025-05-17T18:35:43Z","creator":"binder"}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:32:48Z","status":"public","ddc":["370"],"user_id":"83381","volume":26,"page":"847-863","_id":"59433","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:35:43Z","citation":{"mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021, pp. 847–63, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.","ama":"Binder K, Krauss S, Schmidmaier R, Braun LT. Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>. 2021;26(3):847-863. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>","bibtex":"@article{Binder_Krauss_Schmidmaier_Braun_2021, title={Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning}, volume={26}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>}, number={3}, journal={Advances in Health Sciences Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Schmidmaier, Ralf and Braun, Leah T.}, year={2021}, pages={847–863} }","apa":"Binder, K., Krauss, S., Schmidmaier, R., &#38; Braun, L. T. (2021). Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, <i>26</i>(3), 847–863. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, and L. T. Braun, “Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning,” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 847–863, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.","short":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, L.T. Braun, Advances in Health Sciences Education 26 (2021) 847–863.","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Ralf Schmidmaier, and Leah T. Braun. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i> 26, no. 3 (2021): 847–63. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>."}},{"publication":"ZDM","issue":"2","citation":{"ieee":"S. Krauss <i>et al.</i>, “Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the ‘cascade model,’” <i>ZDM</i>, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 311–327, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.","apa":"Krauss, S., Bruckmaier, G., Lindl, A., Hilbert, S., Binder, K., Steib, N., &#38; Blum, W. (2020). Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model.” <i>ZDM</i>, <i>52</i>(2), 311–327. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>","chicago":"Krauss, S., G. Bruckmaier, A. Lindl, S. Hilbert, Karin Binder, N. Steib, and W. Blum. “Competence as a Continuum in the COACTIV Study: The ‘Cascade Model.’” <i>ZDM</i> 52, no. 2 (2020): 311–27. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.","short":"S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, A. Lindl, S. Hilbert, K. Binder, N. Steib, W. Blum, ZDM 52 (2020) 311–327.","mla":"Krauss, S., et al. “Competence as a Continuum in the COACTIV Study: The ‘Cascade Model.’” <i>ZDM</i>, vol. 52, no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020, pp. 311–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Krauss_Bruckmaier_Lindl_Hilbert_Binder_Steib_Blum_2020, title={Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model”}, volume={52}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>}, number={2}, journal={ZDM}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Krauss, S. and Bruckmaier, G. and Lindl, A. and Hilbert, S. and Binder, Karin and Steib, N. and Blum, W.}, year={2020}, pages={311–327} }","ama":"Krauss S, Bruckmaier G, Lindl A, et al. Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model.” <i>ZDM</i>. 2020;52(2):311-327. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z\">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>"},"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:27:09Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:10:32Z","intvolume":"        52","year":"2020","status":"public","title":"Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model”","author":[{"last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Krauss, S."},{"last_name":"Bruckmaier","first_name":"G.","full_name":"Bruckmaier, G."},{"full_name":"Lindl, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Lindl"},{"last_name":"Hilbert","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Hilbert, S."},{"full_name":"Binder, Karin","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","id":"83381"},{"last_name":"Steib","first_name":"N.","full_name":"Steib, N."},{"last_name":"Blum","first_name":"W.","full_name":"Blum, W."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1863-9690","1863-9704"]},"user_id":"83381","doi":"10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z","volume":52,"page":"311-327","_id":"59423","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:31:24Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"2","publication":"Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik","citation":{"ama":"Krauss S, Weber P, Binder K, Bruckmaier G. Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers. <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>. 2020;41(2):485-521. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>","bibtex":"@article{Krauss_Weber_Binder_Bruckmaier_2020, title={Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers}, volume={41}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>}, number={2}, journal={Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Krauss, Stefan and Weber, Patrick and Binder, Karin and Bruckmaier, Georg}, year={2020}, pages={485–521} }","mla":"Krauss, Stefan, et al. “Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers.” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 41, no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020, pp. 485–521, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>.","chicago":"Krauss, Stefan, Patrick Weber, Karin Binder, and Georg Bruckmaier. “Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers.” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i> 41, no. 2 (2020): 485–521. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>.","short":"S. Krauss, P. Weber, K. Binder, G. Bruckmaier, Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik 41 (2020) 485–521.","apa":"Krauss, S., Weber, P., Binder, K., &#38; Bruckmaier, G. (2020). Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers. <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, <i>41</i>(2), 485–521. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>","ieee":"S. Krauss, P. Weber, K. Binder, and G. Bruckmaier, “Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers,” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 485–521, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w\">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>."},"page":"485-521","_id":"59431","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"user_id":"83381","doi":"10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w","volume":41,"status":"public","year":"2020","title":"Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0173-5322","1869-2699"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Krauss, Stefan"},{"full_name":"Weber, Patrick","last_name":"Weber","first_name":"Patrick"},{"full_name":"Binder, Karin","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","id":"83381"},{"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Bruckmaier","full_name":"Bruckmaier, Georg"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:11:46Z","intvolume":"        41"},{"author":[{"id":"83381","full_name":"Binder, Karin","last_name":"Binder","first_name":"Karin"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Wiesner, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Wiesner"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-1078"]},"status":"public","year":"2020","title":"A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net","intvolume":"        11","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:11:34Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"59424","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":11,"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750","user_id":"83381","citation":{"ama":"Binder K, Krauss S, Wiesner P. A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>","bibtex":"@article{Binder_Krauss_Wiesner_2020, title={A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Wiesner, Patrick}, year={2020} }","mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 11, Frontiers Media SA, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>.","short":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, P. Wiesner, Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020).","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, and Patrick Wiesner. “A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 11 (2020). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>.","apa":"Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Wiesner, P. (2020). A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>11</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, and P. Wiesner, “A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 11, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750\">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>."},"publication":"Frontiers in Psychology","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:28:05Z","type":"journal_article"},{"publication":"Journal of Number Theory","citation":{"apa":"Müller, R., &#38; Klüners, J. (2020). The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, <i>212</i>.","ieee":"R. Müller and J. Klüners, “The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group,” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, vol. 212, 2020.","short":"R. Müller, J. Klüners, Journal of Number Theory 212 (2020).","chicago":"Müller, Raphael, and Jürgen Klüners. “The Conductor Density of Local Function Fields with Abelian Galois Group.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i> 212 (2020).","mla":"Müller, Raphael, and Jürgen Klüners. “The Conductor Density of Local Function Fields with Abelian Galois Group.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, vol. 212, 2020.","ama":"Müller R, Klüners J. The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>. 2020;212.","bibtex":"@article{Müller_Klüners_2020, title={The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group}, volume={212}, journal={Journal of Number Theory}, author={Müller, Raphael and Klüners, Jürgen}, year={2020} }"},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"earlier_version","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02573"}]},"date_created":"2025-05-19T08:31:53Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"43"}],"status":"public","title":"The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group","year":"2020","author":[{"id":"55246","last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Raphael","full_name":"Müller, Raphael"},{"full_name":"Klüners, Jürgen","last_name":"Klüners","first_name":"Jürgen"}],"date_updated":"2025-06-13T08:15:14Z","intvolume":"       212","_id":"59989","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"82981","volume":212},{"intvolume":"        10","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:11:03Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-1078"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Bruckmaier","full_name":"Bruckmaier, Georg"},{"full_name":"Binder, Karin","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","id":"83381"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss"},{"last_name":"Kufner","first_name":"Han-Min","full_name":"Kufner, Han-Min"}],"status":"public","title":"An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables","year":"2019","volume":10,"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632","user_id":"83381","_id":"59428","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","citation":{"mla":"Bruckmaier, Georg, et al. “An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 10, Frontiers Media SA, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bruckmaier_Binder_Krauss_Kufner_2019, title={An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Bruckmaier, Georg and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Kufner, Han-Min}, year={2019} }","ama":"Bruckmaier G, Binder K, Krauss S, Kufner H-M. An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. 2019;10. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>","ieee":"G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, and H.-M. Kufner, “An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 10, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>.","apa":"Bruckmaier, G., Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Kufner, H.-M. (2019). An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>10</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>","short":"G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, H.-M. Kufner, Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019).","chicago":"Bruckmaier, Georg, Karin Binder, Stefan Krauss, and Han-Min Kufner. “An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 10 (2019). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>."},"publication":"Frontiers in Psychology","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:29:36Z"},{"volume":9,"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833","user_id":"83381","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","_id":"59425","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"         9","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:10:03Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Weber","full_name":"Weber, Patrick"},{"id":"83381","full_name":"Binder, Karin","last_name":"Binder","first_name":"Karin"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss","full_name":"Krauss, Stefan"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-1078"]},"title":"Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness","status":"public","year":"2018","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:28:23Z","citation":{"mla":"Weber, Patrick, et al. “Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 9, Frontiers Media SA, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.","ama":"Weber P, Binder K, Krauss S. Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>","bibtex":"@article{Weber_Binder_Krauss_2018, title={Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Weber, Patrick and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan}, year={2018} }","apa":"Weber, P., Binder, K., &#38; Krauss, S. (2018). Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>9</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>","ieee":"P. Weber, K. Binder, and S. Krauss, “Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 9, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.","chicago":"Weber, Patrick, Karin Binder, and Stefan Krauss. “Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 9 (2018). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.","short":"P. Weber, K. Binder, S. Krauss, Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018)."},"publication":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:28:38Z","type":"journal_article","citation":{"mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “Visualizing the Bayesian 2-Test Case: The Effect of Tree Diagrams on Medical Decision Making.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, e0195029, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.","ama":"Binder K, Krauss S, Bruckmaier G, Marienhagen J. Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. 2018;13(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>","bibtex":"@article{Binder_Krauss_Bruckmaier_Marienhagen_2018, title={Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>}, number={3e0195029}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Bruckmaier, Georg and Marienhagen, Jörg}, year={2018} }","apa":"Binder, K., Krauss, S., Bruckmaier, G., &#38; Marienhagen, J. (2018). Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making. <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>13</i>(3), Article e0195029. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, and J. Marienhagen, “Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making,” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, Art. no. e0195029, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Georg Bruckmaier, and Jörg Marienhagen. “Visualizing the Bayesian 2-Test Case: The Effect of Tree Diagrams on Medical Decision Making.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 13, no. 3 (2018). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.","short":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, J. Marienhagen, PLOS ONE 13 (2018)."},"issue":"3","publication":"PLOS ONE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59426","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","article_number":"e0195029","volume":13,"user_id":"83381","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0195029","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1932-6203"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder","full_name":"Binder, Karin","id":"83381"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss"},{"full_name":"Bruckmaier, Georg","first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Bruckmaier"},{"full_name":"Marienhagen, Jörg","last_name":"Marienhagen","first_name":"Jörg"}],"year":"2018","title":"Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making","status":"public","intvolume":"        13","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:10:53Z"},{"file_date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:38:26Z","citation":{"ieee":"S. Hilbert, G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, and M. Bühner, “Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities,” <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i>, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 665–683, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.","apa":"Hilbert, S., Bruckmaier, G., Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Bühner, M. (2018). Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities. <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i>, <i>34</i>(3), 665–683. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>","short":"S. Hilbert, G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, M. Bühner, European Journal of Psychology of Education 34 (2018) 665–683.","chicago":"Hilbert, Sven, Georg Bruckmaier, Karin Binder, Stefan Krauss, and Markus Bühner. “Prediction of Elementary Mathematics Grades by Cognitive Abilities.” <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i> 34, no. 3 (2018): 665–83. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.","mla":"Hilbert, Sven, et al. “Prediction of Elementary Mathematics Grades by Cognitive Abilities.” <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i>, vol. 34, no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, pp. 665–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hilbert_Bruckmaier_Binder_Krauss_Bühner_2018, title={Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>}, number={3}, journal={European Journal of Psychology of Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hilbert, Sven and Bruckmaier, Georg and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Bühner, Markus}, year={2018}, pages={665–683} }","ama":"Hilbert S, Bruckmaier G, Binder K, Krauss S, Bühner M. Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities. <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i>. 2018;34(3):665-683. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9\">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>"},"status":"public","page":"665-683","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"59430","ddc":["370"],"user_id":"83381","volume":34,"publication":"European Journal of Psychology of Education","issue":"3","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"59934","access_level":"closed","file_size":707288,"file_name":"Hilbert Bruckmaier Binder Krauss Bühner 2018.pdf","date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:38:26Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-05-17T18:38:26Z","creator":"binder"}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T11:30:19Z","type":"journal_article","title":"Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities","year":"2018","author":[{"full_name":"Hilbert, Sven","last_name":"Hilbert","first_name":"Sven"},{"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Bruckmaier","full_name":"Bruckmaier, Georg"},{"id":"83381","full_name":"Binder, Karin","first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Binder"},{"full_name":"Krauss, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauss"},{"full_name":"Bühner, Markus","last_name":"Bühner","first_name":"Markus"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0256-2928","1878-5174"]},"date_updated":"2025-05-17T18:38:46Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        34","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9"},{"user_id":"83381","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2","_id":"59427","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-12T18:09:36Z","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783319663258","9783319663272"]},"author":[{"id":"83381","last_name":"Binder","first_name":"Karin","full_name":"Binder, Karin"},{"last_name":"Krauss","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Krauss, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Hilbert","first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Hilbert, Sven"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Brunner","full_name":"Brunner, Martin"},{"last_name":"Anders","first_name":"Yvonne","full_name":"Anders, Yvonne"},{"full_name":"Kunter, Mareike","first_name":"Mareike","last_name":"Kunter"}],"status":"public","year":"2017","title":"Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study","type":"book_chapter","date_created":"2025-04-08T11:29:08Z","place":"Cham","citation":{"apa":"Binder, K., Krauss, S., Hilbert, S., Brunner, M., Anders, Y., &#38; Kunter, M. (2017). Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study. In <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>. Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>","ieee":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Y. Anders, and M. Kunter, “Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study,” in <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017.","short":"K. Binder, S. Krauss, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Y. Anders, M. Kunter, in: Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017.","chicago":"Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Sven Hilbert, Martin Brunner, Yvonne Anders, and Mareike Kunter. “Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study.” In <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>.","mla":"Binder, Karin, et al. “Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study.” <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>, Springer International Publishing, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2\">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>.","ama":"Binder K, Krauss S, Hilbert S, Brunner M, Anders Y, Kunter M. Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study. In: <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>. Springer International Publishing; 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2\">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{Binder_Krauss_Hilbert_Brunner_Anders_Kunter_2017, place={Cham}, title={Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2\">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>}, booktitle={Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Hilbert, Sven and Brunner, Martin and Anders, Yvonne and Kunter, Mareike}, year={2017} }"},"publication":"Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers"}]