---
_id: '59437'
article_number: '102032'
author:
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Steib, Nicole
  last_name: Steib
- first_name: Theresa
  full_name: Büchter, Theresa
  last_name: Büchter
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Eichler, Andreas
  last_name: Eichler
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Böcherer-Linder, Katharina
  last_name: Böcherer-Linder
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Vogel, Markus
  last_name: Vogel
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hilbert, Sven
  last_name: Hilbert
citation:
  ama: 'Steib N, Büchter T, Eichler A, et al. How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An
    empirical study comparing four different probability training courses. <i>Learning
    and Instruction</i>. 2024;95. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>'
  apa: 'Steib, N., Büchter, T., Eichler, A., Binder, K., Krauss, S., Böcherer-Linder,
    K., Vogel, M., &#38; Hilbert, S. (2024). How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical
    study comparing four different probability training courses. <i>Learning and Instruction</i>,
    <i>95</i>, Article 102032. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Steib_Büchter_Eichler_Binder_Krauss_Böcherer-Linder_Vogel_Hilbert_2024,
    title={How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different
    probability training courses}, volume={95}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>},
    number={102032}, journal={Learning and Instruction}, publisher={Elsevier BV},
    author={Steib, Nicole and Büchter, Theresa and Eichler, Andreas and Binder, Karin
    and Krauss, Stefan and Böcherer-Linder, Katharina and Vogel, Markus and Hilbert,
    Sven}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Steib, Nicole, Theresa Büchter, Andreas Eichler, Karin Binder, Stefan
    Krauss, Katharina Böcherer-Linder, Markus Vogel, and Sven Hilbert. “How to Teach
    Bayesian Reasoning: An Empirical Study Comparing Four Different Probability Training
    Courses.” <i>Learning and Instruction</i> 95 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. Steib <i>et al.</i>, “How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study
    comparing four different probability training courses,” <i>Learning and Instruction</i>,
    vol. 95, Art. no. 102032, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>.'
  mla: 'Steib, Nicole, et al. “How to Teach Bayesian Reasoning: An Empirical Study
    Comparing Four Different Probability Training Courses.” <i>Learning and Instruction</i>,
    vol. 95, 102032, Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032</a>.'
  short: N. Steib, T. Büchter, A. Eichler, K. Binder, S. Krauss, K. Böcherer-Linder,
    M. Vogel, S. Hilbert, Learning and Instruction 95 (2024).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:35:09Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:14:24Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102032
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: binder
  date_created: 2025-05-17T18:13:26Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:13:26Z
  file_id: '59927'
  file_name: Steib et al 2025 How to train Bayesian reasoning.pdf
  file_size: 13811141
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:13:26Z
intvolume: '        95'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Learning and Instruction
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0959-4752
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'How to teach Bayesian reasoning: An empirical study comparing four different
  probability training courses'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 95
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59986'
author:
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene
  id: '93843'
  last_name: Garnelo Abellanas
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Liebendörfer, Michael
  last_name: Liebendörfer
citation:
  ama: 'Garnelo Abellanas I, Liebendörfer M. Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver
    Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre. In: <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht
    2024</i>. ; 2024.'
  apa: Garnelo Abellanas, I., &#38; Liebendörfer, M. (2024). Herausforderungen beim
    Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre. <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht
    2024</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_2024, title={Herausforderungen
    beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre}, booktitle={Beiträge
    zum Mathematikunterricht 2024}, author={Garnelo Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer,
    Michael}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Herausforderungen
    Beim Einsatz Interaktiver Theorembeweiser in Der Hochschullehre.” In <i>Beiträge
    Zum Mathematikunterricht 2024</i>, 2024.
  ieee: I. Garnelo Abellanas and M. Liebendörfer, “Herausforderungen beim Einsatz
    interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre,” 2024.
  mla: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Herausforderungen Beim
    Einsatz Interaktiver Theorembeweiser in Der Hochschullehre.” <i>Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht
    2024</i>, 2024.
  short: 'I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, in: Beiträge Zum Mathematikunterricht
    2024, 2024.'
date_created: 2025-05-19T07:24:49Z
date_updated: 2026-01-15T10:34:56Z
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Beiträge zum Mathematikunterricht 2024
status: public
title: Herausforderungen beim Einsatz interaktiver Theorembeweiser in der Hochschullehre
type: conference
user_id: '93843'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59990'
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Eichler, Andreas
  last_name: Eichler
- first_name: Henrik
  full_name: Floren, Henrik
  last_name: Floren
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene
  id: '93843'
  last_name: Garnelo Abellanas
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Liebendörfer, Michael
  id: '30933'
  last_name: Liebendörfer
  orcid: 0000-0001-9887-2074
- first_name: Raphael
  full_name: Müller, Raphael
  id: '55246'
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schürmann, Mirko
  id: '59707'
  last_name: Schürmann
  orcid: 0000-0003-2646-085X
- first_name: Annabelle
  full_name: Speer, Annabelle
  last_name: Speer
citation:
  ama: 'Eichler A, Floren H, Garnelo Abellanas I, et al. Digital STACK tasks and exam
    results. In: <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network
    for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>. Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana
    de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM; 2024. doi:<a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>'
  apa: Eichler, A., Floren, H., Garnelo Abellanas, I., Liebendörfer, M., Müller, R.,
    Schürmann, M., &#38; Speer, A. (2024). Digital STACK tasks and exam results. <i>INDRUM2024
    PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research
    in University Mathematics</i>. Fifth conference of the International Network for
    Didactic Research in University Mathematics, Barcelona. <a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Eichler_Floren_Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_Müller_Schürmann_Speer_2024,
    place={Barcelona}, title={Digital STACK tasks and exam results}, DOI={<a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>},
    booktitle={INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth conference of the International Network
    for Didactic Research in University Mathematics}, publisher={Escola Univerist`aria
    Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM}, author={Eichler,
    Andreas and Floren, Henrik and Garnelo Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer, Michael
    and Müller, Raphael and Schürmann, Mirko and Speer, Annabelle}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Eichler, Andreas, Henrik Floren, Irene Garnelo Abellanas, Michael Liebendörfer,
    Raphael Müller, Mirko Schürmann, and Annabelle Speer. “Digital STACK Tasks and
    Exam Results.” In <i>INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International
    Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics</i>. Barcelona: Escola
    Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM,
    2024. <a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Eichler <i>et al.</i>, “Digital STACK tasks and exam results,” presented
    at the Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in
    University Mathematics, Barcelona, 2024, doi: <a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>.'
  mla: Eichler, Andreas, et al. “Digital STACK Tasks and Exam Results.” <i>INDRUM2024
    PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International Network for Didactic Research
    in University Mathematics</i>, Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ.
    Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM, 2024, doi:<a href="https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1">https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1</a>.
  short: 'A. Eichler, H. Floren, I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, R. Müller,
    M. Schürmann, A. Speer, in: INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth Conference of the International
    Network for Didactic Research in University Mathematics, Escola Univerist`aria
    Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona and INDRUM, Barcelona, 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-06-14
  location: Barcelona
  name: Fifth conference of the International Network for Didactic Research in University
    Mathematics
  start_date: 2024-06-10
date_created: 2025-05-19T08:51:27Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T07:50:49Z
ddc:
- '510'
doi: https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: rmuelle2
  date_created: 2025-05-19T08:51:19Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-19T08:51:19Z
  file_id: '59991'
  file_name: Poster_Indrum_2024_Digital-STACK-Tasks_Exam-Results.pdf
  file_size: 850253
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2025-05-19T08:51:19Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://theses.hal.science/INDRUM2024/hal-04944194v1
oa: '1'
place: Barcelona
publication: INDRUM2024 PROCEEDINGS Fifth conference of the International Network
  for Didactic Research in University Mathematics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2496-1027 (online)
publication_status: published
publisher: Escola Univerist`aria Salesiana de Sarri`a – Univ. Aut`onoma de Barcelona
  and INDRUM
status: public
title: Digital STACK tasks and exam results
type: conference
user_id: '55246'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59436'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:sec id="sec001"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating
    well with patients is a competence central to everyday clinical practice, and
    communicating statistical information, especially in Bayesian reasoning tasks,
    can be challenging. In Bayesian reasoning tasks, information can be communicated
    in two different ways (which we call<jats:italic>directions of information</jats:italic>):
    The direction of<jats:italic>Bayesian information</jats:italic>(e.g., proportion
    of people tested positive among those with the disease) and the direction of<jats:italic>diagnostic
    information</jats:italic>(e.g., the proportion of people having the disease among
    those tested positive). The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of
    both the direction of the information presented and whether a visualization (frequency
    net) is presented with it on patient’s ability to quantify a positive predictive
    value.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="sec002"><jats:title>Material and methods</jats:title><jats:p>109
    participants completed four different medical cases (2⨯2⨯4 design) that were presented
    in a video; a physician communicated frequencies using different directions of
    information (Bayesian information vs. diagnostic information). In half of the
    cases for each direction, participants were given a frequency net. After watching
    the video, participants stated a positive predictive value. Accuracy and speed
    of response were analyzed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="sec003"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating
    with Bayesian information led to participant performance of only 10% (without
    frequency net) and 37% (with frequency net) accuracy. The tasks communicated with
    diagnostic information but without a frequency net were correctly solved by 72%
    of participants, but accuracy rate decreased to 61% when participants were given
    a frequency net. Participants with correct responses in the Bayesian information
    version without visualization took longest to complete the tasks (median of 106
    seconds; median of 13.5, 14.0, and 14.5 seconds in other versions).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
    id="sec004"><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Communicating with diagnostic
    information rather than Bayesian information helps patients to understand specific
    information better and more quickly. Patients’ understanding of the relevance
    of test results is strongly dependent on the way the information is presented.</jats:p></jats:sec>'
article_number: e0283947
author:
- first_name: Sarah Frederike
  full_name: Brose, Sarah Frederike
  last_name: Brose
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Martin R.
  full_name: Fischer, Martin R.
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Reincke, Martin
  last_name: Reincke
- first_name: Leah T.
  full_name: Braun, Leah T.
  last_name: Braun
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Schmidmaier, Ralf
  last_name: Schmidmaier
citation:
  ama: 'Brose SF, Binder K, Fischer MR, Reincke M, Braun LT, Schmidmaier R. Bayesian
    versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction
    of statistical information and presentation of visualization. <i>PLOS ONE</i>.
    2023;18(6). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>'
  apa: 'Brose, S. F., Binder, K., Fischer, M. R., Reincke, M., Braun, L. T., &#38;
    Schmidmaier, R. (2023). Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient
    communication: Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation
    of visualization. <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>18</i>(6), Article e0283947. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Brose_Binder_Fischer_Reincke_Braun_Schmidmaier_2023, title={Bayesian
    versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects of direction
    of statistical information and presentation of visualization}, volume={18}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>},
    number={6e0283947}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
    author={Brose, Sarah Frederike and Binder, Karin and Fischer, Martin R. and Reincke,
    Martin and Braun, Leah T. and Schmidmaier, Ralf}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: 'Brose, Sarah Frederike, Karin Binder, Martin R. Fischer, Martin Reincke,
    Leah T. Braun, and Ralf Schmidmaier. “Bayesian versus Diagnostic Information in
    Physician-Patient Communication: Effects of Direction of Statistical Information
    and Presentation of Visualization.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 18, no. 6 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. F. Brose, K. Binder, M. R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L. T. Braun, and R. Schmidmaier,
    “Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication: Effects
    of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization,” <i>PLOS
    ONE</i>, vol. 18, no. 6, Art. no. e0283947, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.'
  mla: 'Brose, Sarah Frederike, et al. “Bayesian versus Diagnostic Information in
    Physician-Patient Communication: Effects of Direction of Statistical Information
    and Presentation of Visualization.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 18, no. 6, e0283947,
    Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283947">10.1371/journal.pone.0283947</a>.'
  short: S.F. Brose, K. Binder, M.R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L.T. Braun, R. Schmidmaier,
    PLOS ONE 18 (2023).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:34:41Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:15:35Z
ddc:
- '360'
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283947
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: binder
  date_created: 2025-05-17T18:15:18Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:15:18Z
  file_id: '59928'
  file_name: Brose, Binder, Fischer, Reincke, Braun, Schmidmaier 2023 Bayesian versus
    diagnostic information.pdf
  file_size: 2010557
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:15:18Z
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: PLOS ONE
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1932-6203
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
status: public
title: 'Bayesian versus diagnostic information in physician-patient communication:
  Effects of direction of statistical information and presentation of visualization'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 18
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '59988'
author:
- first_name: Raphael
  full_name: Müller, Raphael
  id: '55246'
  last_name: Müller
citation:
  ama: Müller R. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions</i>.;
    2023.
  apa: Müller, R. (2023). <i>On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function
    field extensions</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Müller_2023, title={On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function
    field extensions}, author={Müller, Raphael}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Müller, Raphael. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function
    Field Extensions</i>, 2023.
  ieee: R. Müller, <i>On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions</i>.
    2023.
  mla: Müller, Raphael. <i>On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field
    Extensions</i>. 2023.
  short: R. Müller, On the Asymptotics of Wildly Ramified Local Function Field Extensions,
    2023.
date_created: 2025-05-19T08:22:06Z
date_updated: 2025-05-19T08:58:21Z
department:
- _id: '43'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://katalog.ub.uni-paderborn.de/local/r/99372717691706441
oa: '1'
publication_status: published
status: public
title: On the asymptotics of wildly ramified local function field extensions
type: dissertation
user_id: '55246'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '59984'
author:
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene
  id: '93843'
  last_name: Garnelo Abellanas
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Liebendörfer, Michael
  last_name: Liebendörfer
citation:
  ama: 'Garnelo Abellanas I, Liebendörfer M. Introducing mathematics undergraduate
    students to the theorem prover lean. In: <i>Thirteenth Congress of the European
    Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>. ; 2023.'
  apa: Garnelo Abellanas, I., &#38; Liebendörfer, M. (2023). Introducing mathematics
    undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean. <i>Thirteenth Congress of the
    European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>. Thirteenth Congress
    of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13), Budapest.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Garnelo Abellanas_Liebendörfer_2023, title={Introducing
    mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean}, booktitle={Thirteenth
    Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)}, author={Garnelo
    Abellanas, Irene and Liebendörfer, Michael}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Introducing Mathematics
    Undergraduate Students to the Theorem Prover Lean.” In <i>Thirteenth Congress
    of the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>, 2023.
  ieee: I. Garnelo Abellanas and M. Liebendörfer, “Introducing mathematics undergraduate
    students to the theorem prover lean,” presented at the Thirteenth Congress of
    the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13), Budapest,
    2023.
  mla: Garnelo Abellanas, Irene, and Michael Liebendörfer. “Introducing Mathematics
    Undergraduate Students to the Theorem Prover Lean.” <i>Thirteenth Congress of
    the European Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13)</i>, 2023.
  short: 'I. Garnelo Abellanas, M. Liebendörfer, in: Thirteenth Congress of the European
    Society for Research in Mathematics (CERME13), 2023.'
conference:
  location: Budapest
  name: Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education
    (CERME13)
date_created: 2025-05-19T07:19:01Z
date_updated: 2026-01-15T10:36:11Z
department:
- _id: '983'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics
  (CERME13)
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: confirmation
    url: https://hal.science/hal-04406679v1/file/TWG_14-Garnelo-218.pdf
status: public
title: Introducing mathematics undergraduate students to the theorem prover lean
type: conference
user_id: '93843'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '59434'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:p> Background. Medical students often have problems with Bayesian reasoning
    situations. Representing statistical information as natural frequencies (instead
    of probabilities) and visualizing them (e.g., with double-trees or net diagrams)
    leads to higher accuracy in solving these tasks. However, double-trees and net
    diagrams (which already contain the correct solution of the task, so that the
    solution could be read of the diagrams) have not yet been studied in medical education.
    This study examined the influence of information format (probabilities v. frequencies)
    and visualization (double-tree v. net diagram) on the accuracy and speed of Bayesian
    judgments. Methods. A total of 142 medical students at different university medical
    schools (Munich, Kiel, Goettingen, Erlangen, Nuremberg, Berlin, Regensburg) in
    Germany predicted posterior probabilities in 4 different medical Bayesian reasoning
    tasks, resulting in a 3-factorial 2 × 2 × 4 design. The diagnostic efficiency
    for the different versions was represented as the median time divided by the percentage
    of correct inferences. Results. Frequency visualizations led to a significantly
    higher accuracy and faster judgments than did probability visualizations. Participants
    solved 80% of the tasks correctly in the frequency double-tree and the frequency
    net diagram. Visualizations with probabilities also led to relatively high performance
    rates: 73% in the probability double-tree and 70% in the probability net diagram.
    The median time for a correct inference was fastest with the frequency double
    tree (2:08 min) followed by the frequency net diagram and the probability double-tree
    (both 2:26 min) and probability net diagram (2:33 min). The type of visualization
    did not result in a significant difference. Discussion. Frequency double-trees
    and frequency net diagrams help answer Bayesian tasks more accurately and also
    more quickly than the respective probability visualizations. Surprisingly, the
    effect of information format (probabilities v. frequencies) on performance was
    higher in previous studies: medical students seem also quite capable of identifying
    the correct solution to the Bayesian task, among other probabilities in the probability
    visualizations. </jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights</jats:title><jats:p>
    Frequency double-trees and frequency nets help answer Bayesian tasks not only
    more accurately but also more quickly than the respective probability visualizations.
    In double-trees and net diagrams, the effect of the information format (probabilities
    v. natural frequencies) on performance is remarkably lower in this high-performing
    sample than that shown in previous studies. </jats:p></jats:sec>'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexandra K.
  full_name: Kunzelmann, Alexandra K.
  last_name: Kunzelmann
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Martin R.
  full_name: Fischer, Martin R.
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Reincke, Martin
  last_name: Reincke
- first_name: Leah T.
  full_name: Braun, Leah T.
  last_name: Braun
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Schmidmaier, Ralf
  last_name: Schmidmaier
citation:
  ama: Kunzelmann AK, Binder K, Fischer MR, Reincke M, Braun LT, Schmidmaier R. Improving
    Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian
    Reasoning. <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>. 2022;7(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>
  apa: Kunzelmann, A. K., Binder, K., Fischer, M. R., Reincke, M., Braun, L. T., &#38;
    Schmidmaier, R. (2022). Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees
    and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning. <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>,
    <i>7</i>(1). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kunzelmann_Binder_Fischer_Reincke_Braun_Schmidmaier_2022, title={Improving
    Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian
    Reasoning}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>},
    number={1}, journal={MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice}, publisher={SAGE Publications},
    author={Kunzelmann, Alexandra K. and Binder, Karin and Fischer, Martin R. and
    Reincke, Martin and Braun, Leah T. and Schmidmaier, Ralf}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Kunzelmann, Alexandra K., Karin Binder, Martin R. Fischer, Martin Reincke,
    Leah T. Braun, and Ralf Schmidmaier. “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency
    Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp;
    Practice</i> 7, no. 1 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623</a>.
  ieee: 'A. K. Kunzelmann, K. Binder, M. R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L. T. Braun, and
    R. Schmidmaier, “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and
    Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning,” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice</i>, vol.
    7, no. 1, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>.'
  mla: Kunzelmann, Alexandra K., et al. “Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency
    Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>MDM Policy &#38;amp;
    Practice</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, SAGE Publications, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23814683221086623">10.1177/23814683221086623</a>.
  short: A.K. Kunzelmann, K. Binder, M.R. Fischer, M. Reincke, L.T. Braun, R. Schmidmaier,
    MDM Policy &#38;amp; Practice 7 (2022).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:33:53Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:22:27Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1177/23814683221086623
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: binder
  date_created: 2025-05-17T18:22:12Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:22:12Z
  file_id: '59930'
  file_name: Kunzelmann Binder Fischer Reincke Braun Schmidmaier_2022_Improving diagnostic
    efficiency_MDM_PP.pdf
  file_size: 1131713
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:22:12Z
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: MDM Policy &amp; Practice
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2381-4683
  - 2381-4683
publication_status: published
publisher: SAGE Publications
status: public
title: Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets
  in Bayesian Reasoning
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 7
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '59432'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Zusammenfassung</jats:title><jats:p>In stochastischen Situationen
    mit zwei dichotomen Merkmalen erlauben weder die schulüblichen Baumdiagramme noch
    Vierfeldertafeln die simultane Darstellung sämtlicher in der Situation möglicher
    Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Das im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellte Netz hat die Kapazität,
    alle vier möglichen Randwahrscheinlichkeiten, alle vier Schnittwahrscheinlichkeiten
    sowie alle acht bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten<jats:italic> gleichzeitig</jats:italic>
    darzustellen. Darüber hinaus ist – aufgrund der Knoten-Ast-Struktur des Netzes –
    die simultane Darstellung von Wahrscheinlichkeiten <jats:italic>und</jats:italic>
    absoluten Häufigkeiten mit dieser Visualisierung ebenfalls möglich. Bei der sukzessiven
    Erweiterung des typischen Baumdiagramms zunächst zum Doppelbaum und schließlich
    zum Netz sinkt der Inferenzgrad (d. h. weniger kognitive Schritte sind erforderlich)
    z. B. für Fragen nach bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten, aber gleichzeitig steigt
    die Komplexität der Darstellung und somit die extrinsische kognitive Belastung.
    Im vorliegenden Artikel erfolgt zunächst ein theoretischer Vergleich dieser Knoten-Ast-Strukturen.
    Eine anschließende Studie illustriert, dass sich die sukzessive Erweiterung bereits
    vollständig ausgefüllter Diagramme positiv auf die Performanz von <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 269 Schülerinnen
    und Schülern auswirkt. Obwohl <jats:italic>Häufigkeitsdoppelbäume</jats:italic>
    und <jats:italic>Häufigkeitsnetze </jats:italic>den Schülerinnen und Schülern
    gänzlich unbekannt waren, unterstützten diese Visualisierungen die Schülerinnen
    und Schüler bei der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben am meisten.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Steib, Nicole
  last_name: Steib
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
citation:
  ama: Binder K, Steib N, Krauss S. Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen –
    kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams
    to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?
    <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>. 2022;44(2):471-503. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>
  apa: Binder, K., Steib, N., &#38; Krauss, S. (2022). Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume
    zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving
    from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or
    educationally supportive? <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, <i>44</i>(2),
    471–503. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Binder_Steib_Krauss_2022, title={Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume
    zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving
    from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or
    educationally supportive?}, volume={44}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>},
    number={2}, journal={Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Steib, Nicole and Krauss, Stefan},
    year={2022}, pages={471–503} }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Nicole Steib, and Stefan Krauss. “Von Baumdiagrammen über
    Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung?
    Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming
    or educationally supportive?” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i> 44, no. 2
    (2022): 471–503. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, N. Steib, and S. Krauss, “Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume
    zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving
    from tree diagrams to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or
    educationally supportive?,” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 44, no.
    2, pp. 471–503, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>.'
  mla: Binder, Karin, et al. “Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen –
    kognitive Überlastung oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams
    to double trees to net diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?”
    <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 44, no. 2, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2022, pp. 471–503, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9">10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9</a>.
  short: K. Binder, N. Steib, S. Krauss, Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik 44 (2022)
    471–503.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:32:04Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:37:30Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1007/s13138-022-00215-9
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: binder
  date_created: 2025-05-17T18:37:16Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:37:16Z
  file_id: '59933'
  file_name: Binder Steib Krauss 2023 Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen
    - JMD.pdf
  file_size: 3105846
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:37:16Z
intvolume: '        44'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: ger
page: 471-503
publication: Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0173-5322
  - 1869-2699
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Von Baumdiagrammen über Doppelbäume zu Häufigkeitsnetzen – kognitive Überlastung
  oder didaktische Unterstützung? Moving from tree diagrams to double trees to net
  diagrams—cognitively overwhelming or educationally supportive?
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 44
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '59429'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>In the present paper we empirically investigate the psychometric properties
    of some of the most famous statistical and logical cognitive illusions from the
    “heuristics and biases” research program by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky,
    who nearly 50 years ago introduced fascinating brain teasers such as the famous
    Linda problem, the Wason card selection task, and so-called Bayesian reasoning
    problems (e.g., the mammography task). In the meantime, a great number of articles
    has been published that empirically examine single cognitive illusions, theoretically
    explaining people’s faulty thinking, or proposing and experimentally implementing
    measures to foster insight and to make these problems accessible to the human
    mind. Yet these problems have thus far usually been empirically analyzed on an
    individual-item level only (e.g., by experimentally comparing participants’ performance
    on various versions of one of these problems). In this paper, by contrast, we
    examine these illusions as a group and look at the ability to solve them as a
    psychological construct. Based on an sample of<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>= 2,643
    Luxembourgian school students of age 16–18 we investigate the internal psychometric
    structure of these illusions (i.e., Are they substantially correlated? Do they
    form a reflexive or a formative construct?), their connection to related constructs
    (e.g., Are they distinguishable from intelligence or mathematical competence in
    a confirmatory factor analysis?), and the question of which of a person’s abilities
    can predict the correct solution of these brain teasers (by means of a regression
    analysis).</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Bruckmaier, Georg
  last_name: Bruckmaier
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hilbert, Sven
  last_name: Hilbert
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Brunner, Martin
  last_name: Brunner
citation:
  ama: 'Bruckmaier G, Krauss S, Binder K, Hilbert S, Brunner M. Tversky and Kahneman’s
    Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why? <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>.
    2021;12. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>'
  apa: 'Bruckmaier, G., Krauss, S., Binder, K., Hilbert, S., &#38; Brunner, M. (2021).
    Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why? <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>, <i>12</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Bruckmaier_Krauss_Binder_Hilbert_Brunner_2021, title={Tversky
    and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?}, volume={12},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Bruckmaier,
    Georg and Krauss, Stefan and Binder, Karin and Hilbert, Sven and Brunner, Martin},
    year={2021} }'
  chicago: 'Bruckmaier, Georg, Stefan Krauss, Karin Binder, Sven Hilbert, and Martin
    Brunner. “Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and
    Why?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 12 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Bruckmaier, S. Krauss, K. Binder, S. Hilbert, and M. Brunner, “Tversky
    and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?,” <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>, vol. 12, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.'
  mla: 'Bruckmaier, Georg, et al. “Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who
    Can Solve Them, and Why?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 12, Frontiers Media
    SA, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689</a>.'
  short: G. Bruckmaier, S. Krauss, K. Binder, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Frontiers in
    Psychology 12 (2021).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:29:50Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:11:23Z
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689
intvolume: '        12'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: 'Tversky and Kahneman’s Cognitive Illusions: Who Can Solve Them, and Why?'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '59439'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>When physicians are asked to determine
    the positive predictive value from the a priori probability of a disease and the
    sensitivity and false positive rate of a medical test (Bayesian reasoning), it
    often comes to misjudgments with serious consequences. In daily clinical practice,
    however, it is not only important that doctors receive a tool with which they
    can<jats:italic>correctly</jats:italic>judge—the<jats:italic>speed</jats:italic>of
    these judgments is also a crucial factor. In this study, we analyzed accuracy
    and efficiency in medical Bayesian inferences. In an empirical study we varied
    information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies) and visualization (text
    only vs. tree only) for four contexts. 111 medical students participated in this
    study by working on four Bayesian tasks with common medical problems. The correctness
    of their answers was coded and the time spent on task was recorded. The median
    time for a correct Bayesian inference is fastest in the version with a frequency
    tree (2:55 min) compared to the version with a probability tree (5:47 min) or
    to the text only versions based on natural frequencies (4:13 min) or probabilities
    (9:59 min).The score<jats:italic>diagnostic efficiency</jats:italic>(calculated
    by: median time divided by percentage of correct inferences) is best in the version
    with a frequency tree (4:53 min). Frequency trees allow more accurate<jats:italic>and</jats:italic>faster
    judgments. Improving correctness and efficiency in Bayesian tasks might help to
    decrease overdiagnosis in daily clinical practice, which on the one hand cause
    cost and on the other hand might endanger patients’ safety.</jats:p>'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Schmidmaier, Ralf
  last_name: Schmidmaier
- first_name: Leah T.
  full_name: Braun, Leah T.
  last_name: Braun
citation:
  ama: Binder K, Krauss S, Schmidmaier R, Braun LT. Natural frequency trees improve
    diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>.
    2021;26(3):847-863. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>
  apa: Binder, K., Krauss, S., Schmidmaier, R., &#38; Braun, L. T. (2021). Natural
    frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances
    in Health Sciences Education</i>, <i>26</i>(3), 847–863. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Binder_Krauss_Schmidmaier_Braun_2021, title={Natural frequency
    trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning}, volume={26}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Advances in Health Sciences Education}, publisher={Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and
    Schmidmaier, Ralf and Braun, Leah T.}, year={2021}, pages={847–863} }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Ralf Schmidmaier, and Leah T. Braun. “Natural
    Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances
    in Health Sciences Education</i> 26, no. 3 (2021): 847–63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, and L. T. Braun, “Natural frequency
    trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning,” <i>Advances in Health
    Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 847–863, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.'
  mla: Binder, Karin, et al. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency
    in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26,
    no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021, pp. 847–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.
  short: K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, L.T. Braun, Advances in Health Sciences
    Education 26 (2021) 847–863.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:36:11Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:23:31Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: binder
  date_created: 2025-05-17T18:23:17Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:23:17Z
  file_id: '59931'
  file_name: Binder Krauss Schmidmaier Braun 2021 Natural Frequency Trees Improve
    Diagnostic Efficiency in BR.pdf
  file_size: 1265280
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:23:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 847-863
publication: Advances in Health Sciences Education
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1382-4996
  - 1573-1677
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 26
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '59433'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>When physicians are asked to determine
    the positive predictive value from the a priori probability of a disease and the
    sensitivity and false positive rate of a medical test (Bayesian reasoning), it
    often comes to misjudgments with serious consequences. In daily clinical practice,
    however, it is not only important that doctors receive a tool with which they
    can<jats:italic>correctly</jats:italic>judge—the<jats:italic>speed</jats:italic>of
    these judgments is also a crucial factor. In this study, we analyzed accuracy
    and efficiency in medical Bayesian inferences. In an empirical study we varied
    information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies) and visualization (text
    only vs. tree only) for four contexts. 111 medical students participated in this
    study by working on four Bayesian tasks with common medical problems. The correctness
    of their answers was coded and the time spent on task was recorded. The median
    time for a correct Bayesian inference is fastest in the version with a frequency
    tree (2:55 min) compared to the version with a probability tree (5:47 min) or
    to the text only versions based on natural frequencies (4:13 min) or probabilities
    (9:59 min).The score<jats:italic>diagnostic efficiency</jats:italic>(calculated
    by: median time divided by percentage of correct inferences) is best in the version
    with a frequency tree (4:53 min). Frequency trees allow more accurate<jats:italic>and</jats:italic>faster
    judgments. Improving correctness and efficiency in Bayesian tasks might help to
    decrease overdiagnosis in daily clinical practice, which on the one hand cause
    cost and on the other hand might endanger patients’ safety.</jats:p>'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Schmidmaier, Ralf
  last_name: Schmidmaier
- first_name: Leah T.
  full_name: Braun, Leah T.
  last_name: Braun
citation:
  ama: Binder K, Krauss S, Schmidmaier R, Braun LT. Natural frequency trees improve
    diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>.
    2021;26(3):847-863. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>
  apa: Binder, K., Krauss, S., Schmidmaier, R., &#38; Braun, L. T. (2021). Natural
    frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning. <i>Advances
    in Health Sciences Education</i>, <i>26</i>(3), 847–863. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Binder_Krauss_Schmidmaier_Braun_2021, title={Natural frequency
    trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning}, volume={26}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Advances in Health Sciences Education}, publisher={Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and
    Schmidmaier, Ralf and Braun, Leah T.}, year={2021}, pages={847–863} }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Ralf Schmidmaier, and Leah T. Braun. “Natural
    Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances
    in Health Sciences Education</i> 26, no. 3 (2021): 847–63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, and L. T. Braun, “Natural frequency
    trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning,” <i>Advances in Health
    Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 847–863, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.'
  mla: Binder, Karin, et al. “Natural Frequency Trees Improve Diagnostic Efficiency
    in Bayesian Reasoning.” <i>Advances in Health Sciences Education</i>, vol. 26,
    no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021, pp. 847–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8">10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8</a>.
  short: K. Binder, S. Krauss, R. Schmidmaier, L.T. Braun, Advances in Health Sciences
    Education 26 (2021) 847–863.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:32:48Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:36:06Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1007/s10459-020-10025-8
file:
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  creator: binder
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  date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:35:43Z
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  file_name: Binder et al. 2021 Natural frequency trees improve.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:35:43Z
intvolume: '        26'
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language:
- iso: eng
page: 847-863
publication: Advances in Health Sciences Education
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1382-4996
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publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Natural frequency trees improve diagnostic efficiency in Bayesian reasoning
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 26
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '59423'
author:
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Krauss, S.
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Bruckmaier, G.
  last_name: Bruckmaier
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Lindl, A.
  last_name: Lindl
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Hilbert, S.
  last_name: Hilbert
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: N.
  full_name: Steib, N.
  last_name: Steib
- first_name: W.
  full_name: Blum, W.
  last_name: Blum
citation:
  ama: 'Krauss S, Bruckmaier G, Lindl A, et al. Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV
    study: the “cascade model.” <i>ZDM</i>. 2020;52(2):311-327. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>'
  apa: 'Krauss, S., Bruckmaier, G., Lindl, A., Hilbert, S., Binder, K., Steib, N.,
    &#38; Blum, W. (2020). Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade
    model.” <i>ZDM</i>, <i>52</i>(2), 311–327. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Krauss_Bruckmaier_Lindl_Hilbert_Binder_Steib_Blum_2020, title={Competence
    as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model”}, volume={52}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>},
    number={2}, journal={ZDM}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
    author={Krauss, S. and Bruckmaier, G. and Lindl, A. and Hilbert, S. and Binder,
    Karin and Steib, N. and Blum, W.}, year={2020}, pages={311–327} }'
  chicago: 'Krauss, S., G. Bruckmaier, A. Lindl, S. Hilbert, Karin Binder, N. Steib,
    and W. Blum. “Competence as a Continuum in the COACTIV Study: The ‘Cascade Model.’”
    <i>ZDM</i> 52, no. 2 (2020): 311–27. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Krauss <i>et al.</i>, “Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study:
    the ‘cascade model,’” <i>ZDM</i>, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 311–327, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.'
  mla: 'Krauss, S., et al. “Competence as a Continuum in the COACTIV Study: The ‘Cascade
    Model.’” <i>ZDM</i>, vol. 52, no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC,
    2020, pp. 311–27, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z">10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z</a>.'
  short: S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, A. Lindl, S. Hilbert, K. Binder, N. Steib, W. Blum,
    ZDM 52 (2020) 311–327.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:27:09Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:10:32Z
doi: 10.1007/s11858-020-01151-z
intvolume: '        52'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 311-327
publication: ZDM
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1863-9690
  - 1863-9704
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Competence as a continuum in the COACTIV study: the “cascade model”'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 52
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59431'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Weber, Patrick
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Bruckmaier, Georg
  last_name: Bruckmaier
citation:
  ama: Krauss S, Weber P, Binder K, Bruckmaier G. Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische
    Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige
    Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research
    Desiderata and Some Answers. <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>. 2020;41(2):485-521.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>
  apa: Krauss, S., Weber, P., Binder, K., &#38; Bruckmaier, G. (2020). Natürliche
    Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate
    und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions
    and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers. <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>,
    <i>41</i>(2), 485–521. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Krauss_Weber_Binder_Bruckmaier_2020, title={Natürliche Häufigkeiten
    als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate
    und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions
    and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers}, volume={41}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>},
    number={2}, journal={Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Krauss, Stefan and Weber, Patrick and Binder,
    Karin and Bruckmaier, Georg}, year={2020}, pages={485–521} }'
  chicago: 'Krauss, Stefan, Patrick Weber, Karin Binder, and Georg Bruckmaier. “Natürliche
    Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate
    und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions
    and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers.” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>
    41, no. 2 (2020): 485–521. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Krauss, P. Weber, K. Binder, and G. Bruckmaier, “Natürliche Häufigkeiten
    als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate
    und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions
    and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers,” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>,
    vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 485–521, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>.'
  mla: Krauss, Stefan, et al. “Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart
    von Anteilen und Unsicherheit – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural
    Frequencies as Numerical Representation of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research
    Desiderata and Some Answers.” <i>Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik</i>, vol. 41,
    no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020, pp. 485–521, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w">10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w</a>.
  short: S. Krauss, P. Weber, K. Binder, G. Bruckmaier, Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik
    41 (2020) 485–521.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:31:24Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:11:46Z
doi: 10.1007/s13138-019-00156-w
intvolume: '        41'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: ger
page: 485-521
publication: Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0173-5322
  - 1869-2699
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Natürliche Häufigkeiten als numerische Darstellungsart von Anteilen und Unsicherheit
  – Forschungsdesiderate und einige Antworten Natural Frequencies as Numerical Representation
  of Proportions and Uncertainty—Research Desiderata and Some Answers
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 41
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59424'
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Wiesner, Patrick
  last_name: Wiesner
citation:
  ama: 'Binder K, Krauss S, Wiesner P. A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations
    Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>.
    2020;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>'
  apa: 'Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Wiesner, P. (2020). A New Visualization for
    Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net. <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>, <i>11</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Binder_Krauss_Wiesner_2020, title={A New Visualization for Probabilistic
    Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net}, volume={11}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Binder,
    Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Wiesner, Patrick}, year={2020} }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, and Patrick Wiesner. “A New Visualization
    for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net.”
    <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 11 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, and P. Wiesner, “A New Visualization for Probabilistic
    Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>,
    vol. 11, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>.'
  mla: 'Binder, Karin, et al. “A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing
    Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 11,
    Frontiers Media SA, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750">10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750</a>.'
  short: K. Binder, S. Krauss, P. Wiesner, Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:28:05Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:11:34Z
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00750
intvolume: '        11'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: 'A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events:
  The Frequency Net'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59989'
author:
- first_name: Raphael
  full_name: Müller, Raphael
  id: '55246'
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Klüners, Jürgen
  last_name: Klüners
citation:
  ama: Müller R, Klüners J. The conductor density of local function fields with abelian
    Galois group. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>. 2020;212.
  apa: Müller, R., &#38; Klüners, J. (2020). The conductor density of local function
    fields with abelian Galois group. <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, <i>212</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Müller_Klüners_2020, title={The conductor density of local function
    fields with abelian Galois group}, volume={212}, journal={Journal of Number Theory},
    author={Müller, Raphael and Klüners, Jürgen}, year={2020} }'
  chicago: Müller, Raphael, and Jürgen Klüners. “The Conductor Density of Local Function
    Fields with Abelian Galois Group.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i> 212 (2020).
  ieee: R. Müller and J. Klüners, “The conductor density of local function fields
    with abelian Galois group,” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, vol. 212, 2020.
  mla: Müller, Raphael, and Jürgen Klüners. “The Conductor Density of Local Function
    Fields with Abelian Galois Group.” <i>Journal of Number Theory</i>, vol. 212,
    2020.
  short: R. Müller, J. Klüners, Journal of Number Theory 212 (2020).
date_created: 2025-05-19T08:31:53Z
date_updated: 2025-06-13T08:15:14Z
department:
- _id: '43'
intvolume: '       212'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Number Theory
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: earlier_version
    url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02573
status: public
title: The conductor density of local function fields with abelian Galois group
type: journal_article
user_id: '82981'
volume: 212
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '59428'
author:
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Bruckmaier, Georg
  last_name: Bruckmaier
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Han-Min
  full_name: Kufner, Han-Min
  last_name: Kufner
citation:
  ama: Bruckmaier G, Binder K, Krauss S, Kufner H-M. An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical
    Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>.
    2019;10. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>
  apa: Bruckmaier, G., Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Kufner, H.-M. (2019). An Eye-Tracking
    Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables. <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>, <i>10</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Bruckmaier_Binder_Krauss_Kufner_2019, title={An Eye-Tracking Study
    of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables}, volume={10}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Bruckmaier,
    Georg and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Kufner, Han-Min}, year={2019} }'
  chicago: Bruckmaier, Georg, Karin Binder, Stefan Krauss, and Han-Min Kufner. “An
    Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables.”
    <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 10 (2019). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>.
  ieee: 'G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, and H.-M. Kufner, “An Eye-Tracking Study
    of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables,” <i>Frontiers in
    Psychology</i>, vol. 10, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>.'
  mla: Bruckmaier, Georg, et al. “An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With
    Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2 Tables.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 10, Frontiers
    Media SA, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632</a>.
  short: G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, H.-M. Kufner, Frontiers in Psychology
    10 (2019).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:29:36Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:11:03Z
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00632
intvolume: '        10'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: An Eye-Tracking Study of Statistical Reasoning With Tree Diagrams and 2 × 2
  Tables
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 10
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '59425'
author:
- first_name: Patrick
  full_name: Weber, Patrick
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
citation:
  ama: 'Weber P, Binder K, Krauss S. Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems
    in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness. <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>'
  apa: 'Weber, P., Binder, K., &#38; Krauss, S. (2018). Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian
    Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability
    Blindness. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>9</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Weber_Binder_Krauss_2018, title={Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian
    Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability
    Blindness}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Weber,
    Patrick and Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan}, year={2018} }'
  chicago: 'Weber, Patrick, Karin Binder, and Stefan Krauss. “Why Can Only 24% Solve
    Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite
    of Probability Blindness.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 9 (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. Weber, K. Binder, and S. Krauss, “Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning
    Problems in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness,”
    <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 9, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.'
  mla: 'Weber, Patrick, et al. “Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems
    in Natural Frequencies: Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness.” <i>Frontiers
    in Psychology</i>, vol. 9, Frontiers Media SA, 2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833</a>.'
  short: P. Weber, K. Binder, S. Krauss, Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:28:23Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:10:03Z
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01833
intvolume: '         9'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: 'Why Can Only 24% Solve Bayesian Reasoning Problems in Natural Frequencies:
  Frequency Phobia in Spite of Probability Blindness'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 9
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '59426'
article_number: e0195029
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Bruckmaier, Georg
  last_name: Bruckmaier
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Marienhagen, Jörg
  last_name: Marienhagen
citation:
  ama: 'Binder K, Krauss S, Bruckmaier G, Marienhagen J. Visualizing the Bayesian
    2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making. <i>PLOS ONE</i>.
    2018;13(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>'
  apa: 'Binder, K., Krauss, S., Bruckmaier, G., &#38; Marienhagen, J. (2018). Visualizing
    the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making.
    <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>13</i>(3), Article e0195029. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Binder_Krauss_Bruckmaier_Marienhagen_2018, title={Visualizing
    the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making},
    volume={13}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>},
    number={3e0195029}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
    author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Bruckmaier, Georg and Marienhagen,
    Jörg}, year={2018} }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Georg Bruckmaier, and Jörg Marienhagen.
    “Visualizing the Bayesian 2-Test Case: The Effect of Tree Diagrams on Medical
    Decision Making.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 13, no. 3 (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, and J. Marienhagen, “Visualizing the
    Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical decision making,”
    <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, Art. no. e0195029, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.'
  mla: 'Binder, Karin, et al. “Visualizing the Bayesian 2-Test Case: The Effect of
    Tree Diagrams on Medical Decision Making.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, e0195029,
    Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195029">10.1371/journal.pone.0195029</a>.'
  short: K. Binder, S. Krauss, G. Bruckmaier, J. Marienhagen, PLOS ONE 13 (2018).
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:28:38Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:10:53Z
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195029
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: PLOS ONE
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1932-6203
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
status: public
title: 'Visualizing the Bayesian 2-test case: The effect of tree diagrams on medical
  decision making'
type: journal_article
user_id: '83381'
volume: 13
year: '2018'
...
---
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article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hilbert, Sven
  last_name: Hilbert
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Bruckmaier, Georg
  last_name: Bruckmaier
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Bühner, Markus
  last_name: Bühner
citation:
  ama: Hilbert S, Bruckmaier G, Binder K, Krauss S, Bühner M. Prediction of elementary
    mathematics grades by cognitive abilities. <i>European Journal of Psychology of
    Education</i>. 2018;34(3):665-683. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>
  apa: Hilbert, S., Bruckmaier, G., Binder, K., Krauss, S., &#38; Bühner, M. (2018).
    Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities. <i>European
    Journal of Psychology of Education</i>, <i>34</i>(3), 665–683. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hilbert_Bruckmaier_Binder_Krauss_Bühner_2018, title={Prediction
    of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities}, volume={34}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>},
    number={3}, journal={European Journal of Psychology of Education}, publisher={Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hilbert, Sven and Bruckmaier, Georg and
    Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Bühner, Markus}, year={2018}, pages={665–683}
    }'
  chicago: 'Hilbert, Sven, Georg Bruckmaier, Karin Binder, Stefan Krauss, and Markus
    Bühner. “Prediction of Elementary Mathematics Grades by Cognitive Abilities.”
    <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i> 34, no. 3 (2018): 665–83. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Hilbert, G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, and M. Bühner, “Prediction
    of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities,” <i>European Journal
    of Psychology of Education</i>, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 665–683, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.'
  mla: Hilbert, Sven, et al. “Prediction of Elementary Mathematics Grades by Cognitive
    Abilities.” <i>European Journal of Psychology of Education</i>, vol. 34, no. 3,
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, pp. 665–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9">10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9</a>.
  short: S. Hilbert, G. Bruckmaier, K. Binder, S. Krauss, M. Bühner, European Journal
    of Psychology of Education 34 (2018) 665–683.
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:30:19Z
date_updated: 2025-05-17T18:38:46Z
ddc:
- '370'
doi: 10.1007/s10212-018-0394-9
file:
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publication: European Journal of Psychology of Education
publication_identifier:
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publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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title: Prediction of elementary mathematics grades by cognitive abilities
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year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '59427'
author:
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Binder, Karin
  id: '83381'
  last_name: Binder
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauss, Stefan
  last_name: Krauss
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hilbert, Sven
  last_name: Hilbert
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Brunner, Martin
  last_name: Brunner
- first_name: Yvonne
  full_name: Anders, Yvonne
  last_name: Anders
- first_name: Mareike
  full_name: Kunter, Mareike
  last_name: Kunter
citation:
  ama: 'Binder K, Krauss S, Hilbert S, Brunner M, Anders Y, Kunter M. Diagnostic Skills
    of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study. In: <i>Diagnostic Competence of
    Mathematics Teachers</i>. Springer International Publishing; 2017. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>'
  apa: Binder, K., Krauss, S., Hilbert, S., Brunner, M., Anders, Y., &#38; Kunter,
    M. (2017). Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study. In
    <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>. Springer International Publishing.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Binder_Krauss_Hilbert_Brunner_Anders_Kunter_2017, place={Cham},
    title={Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>},
    booktitle={Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers}, publisher={Springer
    International Publishing}, author={Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Hilbert,
    Sven and Brunner, Martin and Anders, Yvonne and Kunter, Mareike}, year={2017}
    }'
  chicago: 'Binder, Karin, Stefan Krauss, Sven Hilbert, Martin Brunner, Yvonne Anders,
    and Mareike Kunter. “Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV
    Study.” In <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>. Cham: Springer
    International Publishing, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Y. Anders, and M. Kunter, “Diagnostic
    Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study,” in <i>Diagnostic Competence
    of Mathematics Teachers</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017.'
  mla: Binder, Karin, et al. “Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV
    Study.” <i>Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers</i>, Springer International
    Publishing, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2">10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2</a>.
  short: 'K. Binder, S. Krauss, S. Hilbert, M. Brunner, Y. Anders, M. Kunter, in:
    Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers, Springer International Publishing,
    Cham, 2017.'
date_created: 2025-04-08T11:29:08Z
date_updated: 2025-04-12T18:09:36Z
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-66327-2_2
language:
- iso: eng
place: Cham
publication: Diagnostic Competence of Mathematics Teachers
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783319663258'
  - '9783319663272'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer International Publishing
status: public
title: Diagnostic Skills of Mathematics Teachers in the COACTIV Study
type: book_chapter
user_id: '83381'
year: '2017'
...
