@article{58543,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>This work analyses load profiles for East African microgrids, and then investigates the integration of electric two-wheelers and portable storage into a solar PV with battery microgrid in Uganda, East Africa. By introducing e-mobility and portable storage, demand side management strategic load growth can thus be achieved and electricity access can be expanded. Battery degradation is also considered. The results showed a 98.5% reduction in PV energy curtailment and a 57% reduction in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from 0.808 USD/kWh to 0.350 USD/kWh when the electric two-wheeler and portable storage loads were introduced. Such reductions are important enablers of financial viability and sustainability of microgrids. It is possible to avoid emissions of up to 73.27 tons of CO2/year with the proposed e-bikes, and an average of 160 customers could be served annually as off-microgrid consumers without requiring an investment in additional distribution infrastructure. Annual revenue could be increased by 135% by incorporating the additional loads. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying component costs, the battery lifetime, the interest rate, and the priority weighting of the additional loads. The battery costs were found to be a major contributor to lifecycle costs (LCC) and also have a big impact on the LCOE. The interest rate significantly affects the LCC as well.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{2673-9941}},
  journal      = {{Solar}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{694--727}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Optimized E-Mobility and Portable Storage Integration in an Isolated Rural Solar Microgrid in Uganda}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/solar4040033}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{48532,
  author       = {{Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Krauter, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Conference}},
  location     = {{Marrakech, Morocco}},
  title        = {{{Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch of a Microgrid Considering Multiple Generators}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{48533,
  author       = {{Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Conference}},
  location     = {{Marrakech, Morocco}},
  title        = {{{Demand side management potential of refrigeration appliances}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{48531,
  author       = {{Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Krauter, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE AFRICON,  Nairobi, Kenya}},
  location     = {{ Nairobi, Kenya}},
  title        = {{{Demand-Side-Management for Optimal dispatch of an Isolated Solar Microgrid}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{34156,
  author       = {{Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Photovoltaik Energy Conversion}},
  location     = {{Milano / Italy}},
  title        = {{{Optimal Design of a Semi Grid-Connected PV System for a Site in Lwak, Kenya Using HOMER}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{47961,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Due to failures or even the absence of an electricity grid, microgrid systems are becoming popular solutions for electrifying African rural communities. However, they are heavily stressed and complex to control due to their intermittency and demand growth. Demand side management (DSM) serves as an option to increase the level of flexibility on the demand side by scheduling users’ consumption patterns profiles in response to supply. This paper proposes a demand-side management strategy based on load shifting and peak clipping. The proposed approach was modelled in a MATLAB/Simulink R2021a environment and was optimized using the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. Simulations were carried out to test the model’s efficacy in a stand-alone PV-battery microgrid in East Africa. The proposed algorithm reduces the peak demand, smoothing the load profile to the desired level, and improves the system’s peak to average ratio (PAR). The presence of deferrable loads has been considered to bring more flexible demand-side management. Results promise decreases in peak demand and peak to average ratio of about 31.2% and 7.5% through peak clipping. In addition, load shifting promises more flexibility to customers.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Krauter, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{1996-1073}},
  journal      = {{Energies}},
  keywords     = {{Energy (miscellaneous), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Control and Optimization, Engineering (miscellaneous), Building and Construction}},
  number       = {{14}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Neural Network-Based Demand-Side Management in a Stand-Alone Solar PV-Battery Microgrid Using Load-Shifting and Peak-Clipping}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/en15145215}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{24540,
  abstract     = {{With its growing population and industrialization, DREs, and solar technologies in particular, provide a 
sustainable means of bridging the current energy deficit in Africa, increasing supply reliability and meeting future 
demand. Data acquisition and data management systems allow real time monitoring and control of energy systems as 
well as performance analysis. However commercial data acquisition systems often have cost implications that are 
prohibitive for small PV systems and installations in developing countries.
In this paper, a multi-user, multi-purpose microgrid database system is designed and implemented. MAVOWATT 
270 power quality analyzers by GOSSEN METRAWATT, raspberry pi modules and sensors are used for measuring, 
recording and storing electrical and meteorological data in East Africa. Socio-economic data is also stored in the
database. The designed system employs open source software and hardware solutions which are best suited to 
developing regions like East Africa due to the lower cost implications.
The expected results promise a comprehensive database covering different electro-technical and socio-economic 
parameters useful for optimal design of microgrid systems.}},
  author       = {{Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)}},
  isbn         = {{3-936338-78-7}},
  keywords     = {{Art-D, Afrika, Demand side management, MySQL, Raspberry pi, Data acquisition}},
  pages        = {{1505--1510}},
  title        = {{{Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures}}},
  doi          = {{10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}