[{"citation":{"apa":"Terfloth, L., Buhl, H. M., Lohmer, V., Schaffer, M., Kern, F., &#38; Schulte, C. (2026). <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>.","short":"L. Terfloth, H.M. Buhl, V. Lohmer, M. Schaffer, F. Kern, C. Schulte, Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts, 2026.","bibtex":"@book{Terfloth_Buhl_Lohmer_Schaffer_Kern_Schulte_2026, title={Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts}, author={Terfloth, Lutz and Buhl, Heike M. and Lohmer, Vivien and Schaffer, Michael and Kern, Frederike and Schulte, Carsten}, year={2026} }","mla":"Terfloth, Lutz, et al. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>. 2026.","chicago":"Terfloth, Lutz, Heike M. Buhl, Vivien Lohmer, Michael Schaffer, Frederike Kern, and Carsten Schulte. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>, 2026.","ieee":"L. Terfloth, H. M. Buhl, V. Lohmer, M. Schaffer, F. Kern, and C. Schulte, <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>. 2026.","ama":"Terfloth L, Buhl HM, Lohmer V, Schaffer M, Kern F, Schulte C. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>.; 2026."},"year":"2026","author":[{"first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","id":"37320","last_name":"Terfloth"},{"last_name":"Buhl","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","first_name":"Heike M."},{"first_name":"Vivien","id":"99097","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer"},{"first_name":"Michael","id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer"},{"first_name":"Frederike","full_name":"Kern, Frederike","last_name":"Kern"},{"last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","id":"60311","first_name":"Carsten"}],"date_created":"2026-03-27T15:51:01Z","date_updated":"2026-03-27T15:53:19Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.24325","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts","type":"working_paper","status":"public","user_id":"90826","department":[{"_id":"427"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"_id":"65180","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"type":"preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we discuss the application of retrospective video recall for the assessment of cognitive processes in explanatory interactions, such as understanding and mental models. Our purpose is to reflect on the benefits and limitations of video recall compared to another self-report method, ‘thinking-aloud’. To do so, we reveal empirical results from the application of video recall in three interdisciplinary research projects that applied the method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of cognitive and behavioral phenomena in everyday explanations. In all three projects, video recall was applied as a post-hoc procedure following the recording of dyadic face-to-face explanations of board games. The design of the video recall procedure differed between individual projects because they pursued different research objectives – that is the investigation of (1) an interlocutor's multimodal signals of understanding, (2) the change in assumptions about an interlocutor's dispositional and situational knowledge, and (3) the differentiated assessment of an interlocutor's developing understanding of domain knowledge aspects by distinguishing between mechanistic and functional explanatory stances. By discussing the benefits and the limitations of each procedure, this article provides critical reflections on video recall as a versatile research method applied for the analysis of human multimodal behavior in interaction and cognitive processing."}],"status":"public","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten","_id":"112"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"}],"_id":"61151","user_id":"76456","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"submitted","year":"2026","citation":{"ieee":"S. T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H. M. Buhl, and A. Grimminger, “Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations.” .","chicago":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Michael Schaffer, Viviane Gladow, Hendrik Buschmeier, Heike M. Buhl, and Angela Grimminger. “Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations,” n.d.","ama":"Lazarov ST, Schaffer M, Gladow V, Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Grimminger A. Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations.","apa":"Lazarov, S. T., Schaffer, M., Gladow, V., Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., &#38; Grimminger, A. (n.d.). <i>Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations</i>.","short":"S.T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, A. Grimminger, (n.d.).","bibtex":"@article{Lazarov_Schaffer_Gladow_Buschmeier_Buhl_Grimminger, title={Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations}, author={Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Schaffer, Michael and Gladow, Viviane and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Grimminger, Angela} }","mla":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. <i>Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations</i>."},"page":"29","date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:18:03Z","date_created":"2025-09-08T14:11:37Z","author":[{"first_name":"Stefan Teodorov","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov","id":"90345","last_name":"Lazarov","orcid":"0009-0009-0892-9483"},{"first_name":"Michael","id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer"},{"full_name":"Gladow, Viviane","last_name":"Gladow","first_name":"Viviane"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","last_name":"Buschmeier","orcid":"0000-0002-9613-5713","full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","id":"76456"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"},{"full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578","last_name":"Grimminger","first_name":"Angela"}],"title":"Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/u24kz_v2"}]},{"editor":[{"full_name":"Ansorge, Ulrich","last_name":"Ansorge","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"last_name":"Szaszkó","full_name":"Szaszkó, Bence","first_name":"Bence"},{"first_name":"Lena","full_name":"Werner, Lena","last_name":"Werner"}],"status":"public","publication":"53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts","type":"conference_abstract","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"56994","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)","_id":"114"}],"department":[{"_id":"427"}],"user_id":"27152","year":"2024","citation":{"apa":"Schaffer, M., &#38; Buhl, H. M. (2024). The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations. In U. Ansorge, B. Szaszkó, &#38; L. Werner (Eds.), <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Buhl_2024, title={The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations}, booktitle={53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts}, author={Schaffer, Michael and Buhl, Heike M.}, editor={Ansorge, Ulrich and Szaszkó, Bence and Werner, Lena}, year={2024} }","short":"M. Schaffer, H.M. Buhl, in: U. Ansorge, B. Szaszkó, L. Werner (Eds.), 53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts, 2024.","mla":"Schaffer, Michael, and Heike M. Buhl. “The Mental Representation of the Object of Explanation in the Process of Co-Constructive Explanations.” <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>, edited by Ulrich Ansorge et al., 2024.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael, and Heike M. Buhl. “The Mental Representation of the Object of Explanation in the Process of Co-Constructive Explanations.” In <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>, edited by Ulrich Ansorge, Bence Szaszkó, and Lena Werner, 2024.","ieee":"M. Schaffer and H. M. Buhl, “The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations,” in <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>, Vienna, 2024.","ama":"Schaffer M, Buhl HM. The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations. In: Ansorge U, Szaszkó B, Werner L, eds. <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>. ; 2024."},"title":"The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations","conference":{"start_date":"2024-09-16","name":"53rd DGPs Congress","location":"Vienna","end_date":"2024-09-19"},"date_updated":"2025-07-16T08:13:28Z","author":[{"id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer","first_name":"Michael"},{"id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M."}],"date_created":"2024-11-12T10:10:31Z"},{"conference":{"name":"2nd TRR 318 Conference “Measuring Understanding” ","start_date":"2023-11-6","end_date":"2023-11-7","location":"Paderborn"},"title":"Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data","author":[{"id":"90345","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov","orcid":"0009-0009-0892-9483","last_name":"Lazarov","first_name":"Stefan Teodorov"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Schaffer","id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael"},{"id":"91665","full_name":"Ronoh, Erick Kiprop","last_name":"Ronoh","first_name":"Erick Kiprop"}],"date_created":"2024-11-13T11:58:10Z","date_updated":"2024-11-18T13:40:50Z","citation":{"mla":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. <i>Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data</i>. 2023.","short":"S.T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, E.K. Ronoh, in: 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lazarov_Schaffer_Ronoh_2023, title={Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data}, author={Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Schaffer, Michael and Ronoh, Erick Kiprop}, year={2023} }","apa":"Lazarov, S. T., Schaffer, M., &#38; Ronoh, E. K. (2023). <i>Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data</i>. 2nd TRR 318 Conference “Measuring Understanding” , Paderborn.","ama":"Lazarov ST, Schaffer M, Ronoh EK. Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data. In: ; 2023.","chicago":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Michael Schaffer, and Erick Kiprop Ronoh. “Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data,” 2023.","ieee":"S. T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, and E. K. Ronoh, “Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data,” presented at the 2nd TRR 318 Conference “Measuring Understanding” , Paderborn, 2023."},"year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"92807","department":[{"_id":"427"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)","_id":"114"}],"_id":"57058","status":"public","type":"conference_abstract"},{"year":"2023","citation":{"ieee":"M. Schaffer and H. M. Buhl, “Erklärungsverläufe und -inhalte aus Sicht Erklärender - eine qualitative Studie,” presented at the PAEPS 19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie: Lehren und Lernen in einer Welt im Wandel, Kiel, 2023.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael, and Heike M. Buhl. “Erklärungsverläufe Und -Inhalte Aus Sicht Erklärender - Eine Qualitative Studie,” 2023.","ama":"Schaffer M, Buhl HM. 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Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie: Lehren und Lernen in einer Welt im Wandel","start_date":"2023-09-18"},"date_updated":"2025-07-16T08:13:10Z","author":[{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","id":"92807","last_name":"Schaffer"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl"}],"date_created":"2024-11-13T11:46:07Z","status":"public","type":"conference_abstract","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)","grant_number":"438445824"}],"_id":"57056","user_id":"27152","department":[{"_id":"427"}]},{"date_updated":"2025-07-16T08:13:48Z","date_created":"2024-11-12T10:06:45Z","author":[{"first_name":"Michael","id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer"},{"first_name":"Budde","last_name":"Lea","full_name":"Lea, Budde"},{"full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","id":"60311","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Carsten"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M."}],"title":"Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner","conference":{"location":"Hildesheim","end_date":"2022-09-15","start_date":"2022-09-10","name":"10. – 15.09.2022 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie"},"year":"2022","citation":{"apa":"Schaffer, M., Lea, B., Schulte, C., &#38; Buhl, H. M. (2022). Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner. In C. Bermeitinger &#38; W.  Greve (Eds.), <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>.","short":"M. Schaffer, B. Lea, C. Schulte, H.M. Buhl, in: C. Bermeitinger, W.  Greve (Eds.), 52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts, 2022.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Lea_Schulte_Buhl_2022, title={Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner}, booktitle={52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts}, author={Schaffer, Michael and Lea, Budde and Schulte, Carsten and Buhl, Heike M.}, editor={Bermeitinger, Christina and  Greve, Werner}, year={2022} }","mla":"Schaffer, Michael, et al. “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner.” <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, edited by Christina Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve, 2022.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael, Budde Lea, Carsten Schulte, and Heike M. Buhl. “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner.” In <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, edited by Christina Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve, 2022.","ieee":"M. Schaffer, B. Lea, C. Schulte, and H. M. Buhl, “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner,” in <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, Hildesheim, 2022.","ama":"Schaffer M, Lea B, Schulte C, Buhl HM. Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner. In: Bermeitinger C,  Greve W, eds. <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>. ; 2022."},"project":[{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)","grant_number":"438445824"}],"_id":"56993","user_id":"27152","keyword":["Cognition","Motivation","Technical Model","Mental Model","Explainer","Explainee","Qualitative Content Analysis"],"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"type":"conference_abstract","publication":"52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts","editor":[{"last_name":"Bermeitinger","full_name":"Bermeitinger, Christina","first_name":"Christina"},{"first_name":"Werner","full_name":" Greve, Werner","last_name":" Greve"}],"status":"public"}]