[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Social Explainable AI","date_created":"2025-09-17T10:16:52Z","publisher":"Springer","title":"Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2026","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"90826","_id":"61325","project":[{"_id":"112","name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"},{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5"},{"_id":"118","name":"TRR 318: Project Area INF"}],"type":"book_chapter","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Katharina J.","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"first_name":"Kary","full_name":"Främling, Kary","last_name":"Främling"},{"first_name":"Brian","full_name":"Lim, Brian","last_name":"Lim"},{"first_name":"Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","last_name":"Thommes","full_name":"Thommes, Kirsten"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"last_name":"Buhl","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","first_name":"Heike M."},{"first_name":"Rachid","full_name":"Alami, Rachid","last_name":"Alami"},{"last_name":"Främling","full_name":"Främling, Kary","first_name":"Kary"},{"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Grimminger","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578"},{"first_name":"Meisam","full_name":"Booshehri, Meisam","last_name":"Booshehri"},{"last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","id":"65716","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-03-23T18:28:01Z","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"original","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3"}]},"publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-981-96-5290-7"]},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","page":"39-53","citation":{"ieee":"A.-L. Vollmer <i>et al.</i>, “Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI,” in <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K. Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.","chicago":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Heike M. Buhl, Rachid Alami, Kary Främling, Angela Grimminger, Meisam Booshehri, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Components of an Explanation for Co-Constructive SXAI.” In <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kirsten Thommes, 39–53. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>.","ama":"Vollmer A-L, Buhl HM, Alami R, et al. Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer; 2026:39-53. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>","apa":"Vollmer, A.-L., Buhl, H. M., Alami, R., Främling, K., Grimminger, A., Booshehri, M., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2026). Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, &#38; K. Thommes (Eds.), <i>Social Explainable AI</i> (pp. 39–53). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>","mla":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “Components of an Explanation for Co-Constructive SXAI.” <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>.","short":"A.-L. Vollmer, H.M. Buhl, R. Alami, K. Främling, A. Grimminger, M. Booshehri, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.","bibtex":"@inbook{Vollmer_Buhl_Alami_Främling_Grimminger_Booshehri_Ngonga Ngomo_2026, title={Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>}, booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Buhl, Heike M. and Alami, Rachid and Främling, Kary and Grimminger, Angela and Booshehri, Meisam and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten}, year={2026}, pages={39–53} }"}},{"date_created":"2026-03-23T08:06:57Z","author":[{"first_name":"Heike M.","id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl"},{"first_name":"Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","id":"86589"},{"first_name":"Rachid","full_name":"Alami, Rachid","last_name":"Alami"},{"first_name":"Meisam","id":"93424","full_name":"Booshehri, Meisam","last_name":"Booshehri"},{"first_name":"Kary","last_name":"Främling","full_name":"Främling, Kary"}],"oa":"1","publisher":"Springer","date_updated":"2026-03-23T18:24:49Z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14"}]},"page":"269-295","citation":{"bibtex":"@inbook{Buhl_Vollmer_Alami_Booshehri_Främling_2026, title={Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14</a>}, booktitle={Social explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Buhl, Heike M. and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Alami, Rachid and Booshehri, Meisam and Främling, Kary}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kisten}, year={2026}, pages={269–295} }","mla":"Buhl, Heike M., et al. “Models of the Situation, the Explanandum, and the Interaction Partner.” <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 269–95, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14</a>.","short":"H.M. Buhl, A.-L. Vollmer, R. Alami, M. Booshehri, K. Främling, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 269–295.","apa":"Buhl, H. M., Vollmer, A.-L., Alami, R., Booshehri, M., &#38; Främling, K. (2026). Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, &#38; K. Thommes (Eds.), <i>Social explainable AI</i> (pp. 269–295). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14</a>","ieee":"H. M. Buhl, A.-L. Vollmer, R. Alami, M. Booshehri, and K. Främling, “Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner,” in <i>Social explainable AI</i>, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K. Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 269–295.","chicago":"Buhl, Heike M., Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Rachid Alami, Meisam Booshehri, and Kary Främling. “Models of the Situation, the Explanandum, and the Interaction Partner.” In <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kisten Thommes, 269–95. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14</a>.","ama":"Buhl HM, Vollmer A-L, Alami R, Booshehri M, Främling K. Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer; 2026:269-295. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14</a>"},"year":"2026","department":[{"_id":"427"},{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"90826","_id":"65084","project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"},{"_id":"121","name":"TRR 318; TP B01: Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des maschinellen Lernens"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Social explainable AI","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J."},{"full_name":"Främling, Kary","last_name":"Främling","first_name":"Kary"},{"full_name":"Lim, Brian","last_name":"Lim","first_name":"Brian"},{"first_name":"Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana"},{"last_name":"Thommes","full_name":"Thommes, Kisten","first_name":"Kisten"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"90826","department":[{"_id":"427"},{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"},{"_id":"115","name":"TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog"},{"_id":"118","name":"TRR 318: Project Area INF"}],"_id":"65083","status":"public","editor":[{"last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"last_name":"Främling","full_name":"Främling, Kary","first_name":"Kary"},{"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Lim","full_name":"Lim, Brian"},{"first_name":"Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana"},{"last_name":"Thommes","full_name":"Thommes, Kirsten","first_name":"Kirsten"}],"type":"book_chapter","publication":"Social Explainable AI","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13","title":"Adaptation","author":[{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"},{"full_name":"Wrede, Britta","last_name":"Wrede","first_name":"Britta"},{"id":"56345","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","last_name":"Fisher","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","first_name":"Josephine Beryl"},{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Matarese, Marco","last_name":"Matarese"}],"date_created":"2026-03-23T07:55:56Z","publisher":"Springer","oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-03-23T18:25:34Z","citation":{"ieee":"H. M. Buhl, B. Wrede, J. B. Fisher, and M. Matarese, “Adaptation,” in <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K. Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 247–267.","chicago":"Buhl, Heike M., Britta Wrede, Josephine Beryl Fisher, and Marco Matarese. “Adaptation.” In <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kirsten Thommes, 247–67. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13</a>.","ama":"Buhl HM, Wrede B, Fisher JB, Matarese M. Adaptation. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer; 2026:247-267. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13</a>","apa":"Buhl, H. M., Wrede, B., Fisher, J. B., &#38; Matarese, M. (2026). Adaptation. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, &#38; K. Thommes (Eds.), <i>Social Explainable AI</i> (pp. 247–267). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13</a>","short":"H.M. Buhl, B. Wrede, J.B. Fisher, M. Matarese, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 247–267.","mla":"Buhl, Heike M., et al. “Adaptation.” <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 247–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13</a>.","bibtex":"@inbook{Buhl_Wrede_Fisher_Matarese_2026, title={Adaptation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13</a>}, booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Buhl, Heike M. and Wrede, Britta and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Matarese, Marco}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten}, year={2026}, pages={247–267} }"},"page":"247-267","year":"2026","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13"}]},"publication_identifier":{"unknown":["978-981-96-5290-7"]}},{"status":"public","type":"working_paper","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"65180","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"department":[{"_id":"427"}],"user_id":"90826","year":"2026","citation":{"apa":"Terfloth, L., Buhl, H. M., Lohmer, V., Schaffer, M., Kern, F., &#38; Schulte, C. (2026). <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>.","short":"L. Terfloth, H.M. Buhl, V. Lohmer, M. Schaffer, F. Kern, C. Schulte, Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts, 2026.","mla":"Terfloth, Lutz, et al. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>. 2026.","bibtex":"@book{Terfloth_Buhl_Lohmer_Schaffer_Kern_Schulte_2026, title={Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts}, author={Terfloth, Lutz and Buhl, Heike M. and Lohmer, Vivien and Schaffer, Michael and Kern, Frederike and Schulte, Carsten}, year={2026} }","ieee":"L. Terfloth, H. M. Buhl, V. Lohmer, M. Schaffer, F. Kern, and C. Schulte, <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>. 2026.","chicago":"Terfloth, Lutz, Heike M. Buhl, Vivien Lohmer, Michael Schaffer, Frederike Kern, and Carsten Schulte. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>, 2026.","ama":"Terfloth L, Buhl HM, Lohmer V, Schaffer M, Kern F, Schulte C. <i>Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts</i>.; 2026."},"title":"Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.24325"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-27T15:53:19Z","oa":"1","date_created":"2026-03-27T15:51:01Z","author":[{"full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","id":"37320","last_name":"Terfloth","first_name":"Lutz"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"},{"last_name":"Lohmer","id":"99097","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","first_name":"Vivien"},{"id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Frederike","first_name":"Frederike"},{"first_name":"Carsten","full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","id":"60311","last_name":"Schulte"}]},{"date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:18:03Z","author":[{"id":"90345","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov","last_name":"Lazarov","orcid":"0009-0009-0892-9483","first_name":"Stefan Teodorov"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Schaffer","id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael"},{"first_name":"Viviane","full_name":"Gladow, Viviane","last_name":"Gladow"},{"full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","id":"76456","last_name":"Buschmeier","orcid":"0000-0002-9613-5713","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M."},{"last_name":"Grimminger","id":"57578","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","first_name":"Angela"}],"date_created":"2025-09-08T14:11:37Z","title":"Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/u24kz_v2"}],"publication_status":"submitted","year":"2026","page":"29","citation":{"ama":"Lazarov ST, Schaffer M, Gladow V, Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Grimminger A. Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations.","chicago":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Michael Schaffer, Viviane Gladow, Hendrik Buschmeier, Heike M. Buhl, and Angela Grimminger. “Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations,” n.d.","ieee":"S. T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H. M. Buhl, and A. Grimminger, “Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations.” .","short":"S.T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, A. Grimminger, (n.d.).","bibtex":"@article{Lazarov_Schaffer_Gladow_Buschmeier_Buhl_Grimminger, title={Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations}, author={Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Schaffer, Michael and Gladow, Viviane and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Grimminger, Angela} }","mla":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. <i>Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations</i>.","apa":"Lazarov, S. T., Schaffer, M., Gladow, V., Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., &#38; Grimminger, A. (n.d.). <i>Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations</i>."},"_id":"61151","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten","_id":"112"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"76456","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we discuss the application of retrospective video recall for the assessment of cognitive processes in explanatory interactions, such as understanding and mental models. Our purpose is to reflect on the benefits and limitations of video recall compared to another self-report method, ‘thinking-aloud’. To do so, we reveal empirical results from the application of video recall in three interdisciplinary research projects that applied the method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of cognitive and behavioral phenomena in everyday explanations. In all three projects, video recall was applied as a post-hoc procedure following the recording of dyadic face-to-face explanations of board games. The design of the video recall procedure differed between individual projects because they pursued different research objectives – that is the investigation of (1) an interlocutor's multimodal signals of understanding, (2) the change in assumptions about an interlocutor's dispositional and situational knowledge, and (3) the differentiated assessment of an interlocutor's developing understanding of domain knowledge aspects by distinguishing between mechanistic and functional explanatory stances. By discussing the benefits and the limitations of each procedure, this article provides critical reflections on video recall as a versatile research method applied for the analysis of human multimodal behavior in interaction and cognitive processing."}],"status":"public"},{"user_id":"98454","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"121","name":"TRR 318 - B01: TRR 318 - Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des maschinellen Lernens (Teilprojekt B01)"},{"_id":"127","name":"TRR 318 - C4: TRR 318 - Subproject C4 - Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens"},{"_id":"122","name":"TRR 318 - B3: TRR 318 - Subproject B3"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Ö: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö","_id":"119"},{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2504.18483"]},"_id":"60718","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","publication":"arXiv:2504.18483","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The ability to generate explanations that are understood by explainees is the\r\nquintessence of explainable artificial intelligence. Since understanding\r\ndepends on the explainee's background and needs, recent research focused on\r\nco-constructive explanation dialogues, where an explainer continuously monitors\r\nthe explainee's understanding and adapts their explanations dynamically. We\r\ninvestigate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to engage as explainers\r\nin co-constructive explanation dialogues. In particular, we present a user\r\nstudy in which explainees interact with an LLM in two settings, one of which\r\ninvolves the LLM being instructed to explain a topic co-constructively. We\r\nevaluate the explainees' understanding before and after the dialogue, as well\r\nas their perception of the LLMs' co-constructive behavior. Our results suggest\r\nthat LLMs show some co-constructive behaviors, such as asking verification\r\nquestions, that foster the explainees' engagement and can improve understanding\r\nof a topic. However, their ability to effectively monitor the current\r\nunderstanding and scaffold the explanations accordingly remains limited."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Fichtel","full_name":"Fichtel, Leandra","first_name":"Leandra"},{"last_name":"Spliethöver","full_name":"Spliethöver, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"last_name":"Hüllermeier","full_name":"Hüllermeier, Eyke","first_name":"Eyke"},{"first_name":"Patricia","full_name":"Jimenez, Patricia","id":"103339","last_name":"Jimenez"},{"last_name":"Klowait","orcid":"0000-0002-7347-099X","full_name":"Klowait, Nils","id":"98454","first_name":"Nils"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Kopp, Stefan","last_name":"Kopp"},{"last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"},{"last_name":"Robrecht","full_name":"Robrecht, Amelie","first_name":"Amelie"},{"last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"id":"37320","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth","first_name":"Lutz"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"full_name":"Wachsmuth, Henning","last_name":"Wachsmuth","first_name":"Henning"}],"date_created":"2025-07-22T13:10:42Z","date_updated":"2025-07-23T11:23:32Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.18483"}],"title":"Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Fichtel, L., Spliethöver, M., Hüllermeier, E., Jimenez, P., Klowait, N., Kopp, S., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Robrecht, A., Scharlau, I., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., &#38; Wachsmuth, H. (2025). Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues. In <i>arXiv:2504.18483</i>.","short":"L. Fichtel, M. Spliethöver, E. Hüllermeier, P. Jimenez, N. Klowait, S. Kopp, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, A. Robrecht, I. Scharlau, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, H. Wachsmuth, ArXiv:2504.18483 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Fichtel_Spliethöver_Hüllermeier_Jimenez_Klowait_Kopp_Ngonga Ngomo_Robrecht_Scharlau_Terfloth_et al._2025, title={Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues}, journal={arXiv:2504.18483}, author={Fichtel, Leandra and Spliethöver, Maximilian and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Jimenez, Patricia and Klowait, Nils and Kopp, Stefan and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Robrecht, Amelie and Scharlau, Ingrid and Terfloth, Lutz and et al.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Fichtel, Leandra, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues.” <i>ArXiv:2504.18483</i>, 2025.","ama":"Fichtel L, Spliethöver M, Hüllermeier E, et al. Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues. <i>arXiv:250418483</i>. Published online 2025.","chicago":"Fichtel, Leandra, Maximilian Spliethöver, Eyke Hüllermeier, Patricia Jimenez, Nils Klowait, Stefan Kopp, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues.” <i>ArXiv:2504.18483</i>, 2025.","ieee":"L. Fichtel <i>et al.</i>, “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues,” <i>arXiv:2504.18483</i>. 2025."},"page":"20","year":"2025"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["2504.18483"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue","abstract":[{"text":"The ability to generate explanations that are understood by explainees is the\r\nquintessence of explainable artificial intelligence. Since understanding\r\ndepends on the explainee's background and needs, recent research focused on\r\nco-constructive explanation dialogues, where an explainer continuously monitors\r\nthe explainee's understanding and adapts their explanations dynamically. We\r\ninvestigate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to engage as explainers\r\nin co-constructive explanation dialogues. In particular, we present a user\r\nstudy in which explainees interact with an LLM in two settings, one of which\r\ninvolves the LLM being instructed to explain a topic co-constructively. We\r\nevaluate the explainees' understanding before and after the dialogue, as well\r\nas their perception of the LLMs' co-constructive behavior. Our results suggest\r\nthat LLMs show some co-constructive behaviors, such as asking verification\r\nquestions, that foster the explainees' engagement and can improve understanding\r\nof a topic. However, their ability to effectively monitor the current\r\nunderstanding and scaffold the explanations accordingly remains limited.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-09-11T16:11:17Z","publisher":"Association for Computational Linguistics","title":"Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues","year":"2025","user_id":"84035","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 318: Project Area INF","_id":"118"},{"_id":"121","name":"TRR 318; TP B01: Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des maschinellen Lernens"},{"_id":"127","name":"TRR 318; TP C04: Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens"},{"_id":"122","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B3"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Project Area Ö","_id":"119"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"}],"_id":"61234","type":"conference","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Leandra","last_name":"Fichtel","full_name":"Fichtel, Leandra"},{"id":"84035","full_name":"Spliethöver, Maximilian","orcid":"0000-0003-4364-1409","last_name":"Spliethöver","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"full_name":"Hüllermeier, Eyke","id":"48129","last_name":"Hüllermeier","first_name":"Eyke"},{"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Jimenez","full_name":"Jimenez, Patricia","id":"103339"},{"first_name":"Nils","last_name":"Klowait","orcid":"0000-0002-7347-099X","id":"98454","full_name":"Klowait, Nils"},{"full_name":"Kopp, Stefan","last_name":"Kopp","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","first_name":"Axel-Cyrille"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5622-8248","last_name":"Robrecht","id":"91982","full_name":"Robrecht, Amelie","first_name":"Amelie"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451"},{"last_name":"Terfloth","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","id":"37320","first_name":"Lutz"},{"full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","id":"86589","last_name":"Vollmer","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"id":"3900","full_name":"Wachsmuth, Henning","last_name":"Wachsmuth","first_name":"Henning"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-12T09:50:48Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18483"}],"conference":{"name":"Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue"},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/webis-de/sigdial25-co-constructive-llms","relation":"software"},{"relation":"research_data","url":"https://github.com/webis-de/sigdial25-co-constructive-llms-data"}]},"publication_status":"accepted","citation":{"apa":"Fichtel, L., Spliethöver, M., Hüllermeier, E., Jimenez, P., Klowait, N., Kopp, S., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Robrecht, A., Scharlau, I., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., &#38; Wachsmuth, H. (n.d.). Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues. <i>Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue</i>. Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Fichtel_Spliethöver_Hüllermeier_Jimenez_Klowait_Kopp_Ngonga Ngomo_Robrecht_Scharlau_Terfloth_et al., place={Avignon, France}, title={Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue}, publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics}, author={Fichtel, Leandra and Spliethöver, Maximilian and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Jimenez, Patricia and Klowait, Nils and Kopp, Stefan and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Robrecht, Amelie and Scharlau, Ingrid and Terfloth, Lutz and et al.} }","short":"L. Fichtel, M. Spliethöver, E. Hüllermeier, P. Jimenez, N. Klowait, S. Kopp, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, A. Robrecht, I. Scharlau, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, H. Wachsmuth, in: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Association for Computational Linguistics, Avignon, France, n.d.","mla":"Fichtel, Leandra, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues.” <i>Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue</i>, Association for Computational Linguistics.","ama":"Fichtel L, Spliethöver M, Hüllermeier E, et al. Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues. In: <i>Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue</i>. Association for Computational Linguistics.","chicago":"Fichtel, Leandra, Maximilian Spliethöver, Eyke Hüllermeier, Patricia Jimenez, Nils Klowait, Stefan Kopp, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues.” In <i>Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue</i>. Avignon, France: Association for Computational Linguistics, n.d.","ieee":"L. Fichtel <i>et al.</i>, “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in  Explanation Dialogues,” presented at the Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue."},"place":"Avignon, France"},{"date_updated":"2025-09-15T14:36:06Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","last_name":"Fisher","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","id":"56345","first_name":"Josephine Beryl"},{"last_name":"Terfloth","id":"37320","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","first_name":"Lutz"}],"date_created":"2025-09-12T09:28:30Z","title":"The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.semdial.org/anthology/Z25-Fisher_semdial_4432.pdf"}],"year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Fisher JB, Terfloth L. The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations. In: <i> Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)</i>. ; 2025.","ieee":"J. B. Fisher and L. Terfloth, “The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations,” 2025.","chicago":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, and Lutz Terfloth. “The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations.” In <i> Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)</i>, 2025.","apa":"Fisher, J. B., &#38; Terfloth, L. (2025). The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations. <i> Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)</i>.","mla":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, and Lutz Terfloth. “The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations.” <i> Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)</i>, 2025.","short":"J.B. Fisher, L. Terfloth, in:  Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025), 2025.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Fisher_Terfloth_2025, title={The Dual Nature as a Local Context to Explore Verbal Behaviour in Game Explanations}, booktitle={ Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)}, author={Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Terfloth, Lutz}, year={2025} }"},"_id":"61243","project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"56345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":" Proceedings of the 29th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 2025)","type":"conference_abstract","status":"public"},{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3","date_updated":"2025-11-25T21:27:44Z","oa":"1","author":[{"id":"93637","full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","first_name":"Suzana"},{"full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M."},{"last_name":"Matzner","full_name":"Matzner, Tobias","id":"65695","first_name":"Tobias"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau"}],"volume":5,"citation":{"mla":"Alpsancar, Suzana, et al. “Explanation Needs and Ethical Demands: Unpacking the Instrumental Value of XAI.” <i>AI and Ethics</i>, vol. 5, Springer, 2025, pp. 3015–3033, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Alpsancar_Buhl_Matzner_Scharlau_2025, title={Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>}, journal={AI and Ethics}, publisher={Springer}, author={Alpsancar, Suzana and Buhl, Heike M. and Matzner, Tobias and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2025}, pages={3015–3033} }","short":"S. Alpsancar, H.M. Buhl, T. Matzner, I. Scharlau, AI and Ethics 5 (2025) 3015–3033.","apa":"Alpsancar, S., Buhl, H. M., Matzner, T., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2025). Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI. <i>AI and Ethics</i>, <i>5</i>, 3015–3033. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>","ieee":"S. Alpsancar, H. M. Buhl, T. Matzner, and I. Scharlau, “Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI,” <i>AI and Ethics</i>, vol. 5, pp. 3015–3033, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>.","chicago":"Alpsancar, Suzana, Heike M. Buhl, Tobias Matzner, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Explanation Needs and Ethical Demands: Unpacking the Instrumental Value of XAI.” <i>AI and Ethics</i> 5 (2025): 3015–3033. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>.","ama":"Alpsancar S, Buhl HM, Matzner T, Scharlau I. Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI. <i>AI and Ethics</i>. 2025;5:3015–3033. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3</a>"},"intvolume":"         5","page":"3015–3033","publication_status":"published","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://links.springernature.com/f/a/xjbXcT06ufIgbHT1duGaHQ~~/AABE5gA~/RgRpMhXcP0SiaHR0cHM6Ly9saW5rLnNwcmluZ2VyLmNvbS8xMC4xMDA3L3M0MzY4MS0wMjQtMDA2MjItMz91dG1fc291cmNlPXJjdF9jb25ncmF0ZW1haWx0JnV0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPW9hXzIwMjQxMjAzJnV0bV9jb250ZW50PTEwLjEwMDcvczQzNjgxLTAyNC0wMDYyMi0zVwNzcGNCCmdG3JBPZxsDc2FSIXN1emFuYS5hbHBzYW5jYXJAdW5pLXBhZGVyYm9ybi5kZVgEAAAHLA~~","relation":"confirmation"}]},"project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - B06: TRR 318 - Teilprojekt B6 - Ethik und Normativität der erklärbaren KI","_id":"370"},{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"_id":"57531","user_id":"93637","department":[{"_id":"756"},{"_id":"26"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI","publisher":"Springer","date_created":"2024-12-02T08:32:00Z","year":"2025","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"AI and Ethics"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["006"],"keyword":["understanding","explaining","explanations","explainable","AI","interdisciplinarity","comprehension","enabledness","agency"],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Buschmeier-etal-2025-COGSYS.pdf","file_id":"62730","file_size":10114981,"date_created":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z","creator":"hbuschme","date_updated":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’ on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Cognitive Systems Research","title":"Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations","date_created":"2025-09-08T14:24:32Z","year":"2025","quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z","article_number":"101419","article_type":"original","user_id":"57578","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten","_id":"112"},{"_id":"113","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject A3"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog","_id":"115"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B3","_id":"122"},{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Project Area Ö","_id":"119"}],"_id":"61156","status":"public","type":"journal_article","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041725000993?via%3Dihub","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419","author":[{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","id":"76456","last_name":"Buschmeier","orcid":"0000-0002-9613-5713"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152"},{"last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Friederike","first_name":"Friederike"},{"first_name":"Angela","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578","last_name":"Grimminger"},{"first_name":"Helen","last_name":"Beierling","full_name":"Beierling, Helen","id":"50995"},{"first_name":"Josephine Beryl","last_name":"Fisher","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","id":"56345"},{"full_name":"Groß, André","id":"93405","last_name":"Groß","orcid":"0000-0002-9593-7220","first_name":"André"},{"first_name":"Ilona","last_name":"Horwath","full_name":"Horwath, Ilona","id":"68836"},{"full_name":"Klowait, Nils","id":"98454","last_name":"Klowait","orcid":"0000-0002-7347-099X","first_name":"Nils"},{"id":"90345","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov","last_name":"Lazarov","orcid":"0009-0009-0892-9483","first_name":"Stefan Teodorov"},{"last_name":"Lenke","full_name":"Lenke, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Vivien","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer"},{"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","id":"50352"},{"id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"full_name":"Singh, Amit","id":"91018","last_name":"Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-7789-1521","first_name":"Amit"},{"first_name":"Lutz","id":"37320","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","id":"86589","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"first_name":"Yu","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Yu"},{"last_name":"Wilmes","full_name":"Wilmes, Annedore","first_name":"Annedore"},{"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Wrede","full_name":"Wrede, Britta"}],"volume":94,"date_updated":"2025-12-05T15:32:25Z","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., Kern, F., Grimminger, A., Beierling, H., Fisher, J. B., Groß, A., Horwath, I., Klowait, N., Lazarov, S. T., Lenke, M., Lohmer, V., Rohlfing, K., Scharlau, I., Singh, A., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., Wang, Y., Wilmes, A., &#38; Wrede, B. (2025). Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, <i>94</i>, Article 101419. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>","short":"H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, F. Kern, A. Grimminger, H. Beierling, J.B. Fisher, A. Groß, I. Horwath, N. Klowait, S.T. Lazarov, M. Lenke, V. Lohmer, K. Rohlfing, I. Scharlau, A. Singh, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, Y. Wang, A. Wilmes, B. Wrede, Cognitive Systems Research 94 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Buschmeier_Buhl_Kern_Grimminger_Beierling_Fisher_Groß_Horwath_Klowait_Lazarov_et al._2025, title={Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}, volume={94}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>}, number={101419}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, author={Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and et al.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, et al. “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 94, 101419, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>.","ama":"Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Kern F, et al. Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>. 2025;94. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>","ieee":"H. Buschmeier <i>et al.</i>, “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations,” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 94, Art. no. 101419, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>.","chicago":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, Heike M. Buhl, Friederike Kern, Angela Grimminger, Helen Beierling, Josephine Beryl Fisher, André Groß, et al. “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i> 94 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>."},"intvolume":"        94","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"57356","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"department":[{"_id":"427"}],"user_id":"90826","status":"public","type":"conference","title":"Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations","conference":{"name":"2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence","start_date":"2024-07-17","end_date":"2024-07-19","location":"Valletta, Malta"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3793/paper_3.pdf"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-11-23T10:21:35Z","date_created":"2024-11-23T09:14:58Z","author":[{"full_name":"Schaffer, Michael Erol ","last_name":"Schaffer","first_name":"Michael Erol "},{"first_name":"Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","id":"37320"},{"full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","id":"60311","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Carsten"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"}],"year":"2024","place":"Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","citation":{"apa":"Schaffer, M. E., Terfloth, L., Schulte, C., &#38; Buhl, H. M. (2024). <i>Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations</i>. 2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, Valletta, Malta.","short":"M.E. Schaffer, L. Terfloth, C. Schulte, H.M. Buhl, in: Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany, 2024.","mla":"Schaffer, Michael Erol, et al. <i>Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations</i>. 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Terfloth_Schulte_Buhl_2024, place={Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany}, title={Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations}, author={Schaffer, Michael Erol  and Terfloth, Lutz and Schulte, Carsten and Buhl, Heike M.}, year={2024} }","ama":"Schaffer ME, Terfloth L, Schulte C, Buhl HM. Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations. In: ; 2024.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael Erol , Lutz Terfloth, Carsten Schulte, and Heike M. Buhl. “Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations.” Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany, 2024.","ieee":"M. E. Schaffer, L. Terfloth, C. Schulte, and H. M. Buhl, “Perception and Consideration of the Explainees’ Needs for Satisfying Explanations,” presented at the 2nd World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, Valletta, Malta, 2024."},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3793/paper_3.pdf","relation":"confirmation"}]}},{"citation":{"chicago":"Schaffer, Michael Erol , Lutz Terfloth, Carsten Schulte, and Heike M. Buhl. “Explainers’ Mental Representations of Explainees’ Needs in Everyday Explanations.” In <i>Joint Proceedings of the XAI-2024 Late-Breaking Work, Demos and Doctoral Consortium. 3793</i>. Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany, 2024.","ieee":"M. E. Schaffer, L. Terfloth, C. Schulte, and H. M. 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Buhl. “The Mental Representation of the Object of Explanation in the Process of Co-Constructive Explanations.” In <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>, edited by Ulrich Ansorge, Bence Szaszkó, and Lena Werner, 2024.","ieee":"M. Schaffer and H. M. Buhl, “The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations,” in <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>, Vienna, 2024.","ama":"Schaffer M, Buhl HM. The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations. In: Ansorge U, Szaszkó B, Werner L, eds. <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>. ; 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Buhl_2024, title={The mental representation of the object of explanation in the process of co-constructive explanations}, booktitle={53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts}, author={Schaffer, Michael and Buhl, Heike M.}, editor={Ansorge, Ulrich and Szaszkó, Bence and Werner, Lena}, year={2024} }","short":"M. Schaffer, H.M. Buhl, in: U. 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Werner (Eds.), <i>53rd DGPs Congress - Abstracts</i>."},"year":"2024"},{"keyword":["gesture","explanations","conversation analysis"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"61403","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"user_id":"99097","status":"public","publication":"Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract","type":"conference_abstract","title":"The role of interactive gestures in explanatory interactions","conference":{"end_date":"2024-09-27","location":"Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland","name":" 2nd International Multimodal Communication Symposium","start_date":"2024-09-25"},"date_updated":"2025-09-23T10:13:59Z","author":[{"first_name":"Vivien","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer"},{"first_name":"Friederike","full_name":"Kern, Friederike","last_name":"Kern"}],"date_created":"2025-09-23T09:53:51Z","year":"2024","citation":{"apa":"Lohmer, V., &#38; Kern, F. (2024). The role of interactive gestures in explanatory interactions. <i>Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract</i>.  2nd International Multimodal Communication Symposium, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland.","mla":"Lohmer, Vivien, and Friederike Kern. “The Role of Interactive Gestures in Explanatory Interactions.” <i>Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract</i>, 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lohmer_Kern_2024, title={The role of interactive gestures in explanatory interactions}, booktitle={Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract}, author={Lohmer, Vivien and Kern, Friederike}, year={2024} }","short":"V. Lohmer, F. Kern, in: Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract, 2024.","ama":"Lohmer V, Kern F. The role of interactive gestures in explanatory interactions. In: <i>Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract</i>. ; 2024.","chicago":"Lohmer, Vivien, and Friederike Kern. “The Role of Interactive Gestures in Explanatory Interactions.” In <i>Second International Multimodal Communication Symposium (MMSYM) - Book of Abstract</i>, 2024.","ieee":"V. Lohmer and F. Kern, “The role of interactive gestures in explanatory interactions,” presented at the  2nd International Multimodal Communication Symposium, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland, 2024."},"publication_status":"published"},{"citation":{"ama":"Lazarov ST, Schaffer M, Ronoh EK. Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data. In: ; 2023.","chicago":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Michael Schaffer, and Erick Kiprop Ronoh. “Approaches of Assessing Understanding Using Video-Recall Data,” 2023.","ieee":"S. T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, and E. K. 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Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie: Lehren und Lernen in einer Welt im Wandel","start_date":"2023-09-18","end_date":"2023-09-20","location":"Kiel"},"date_updated":"2025-07-16T08:13:10Z","author":[{"id":"92807","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","last_name":"Schaffer","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M."}],"date_created":"2024-11-13T11:46:07Z","year":"2023","citation":{"apa":"Schaffer, M., &#38; Buhl, H. M. (2023). <i>Erklärungsverläufe und -inhalte aus Sicht Erklärender - eine qualitative Studie</i>. PAEPS 19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie: Lehren und Lernen in einer Welt im Wandel, Kiel.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Buhl_2023, title={Erklärungsverläufe und -inhalte aus Sicht Erklärender - eine qualitative Studie}, author={Schaffer, Michael and Buhl, Heike M.}, year={2023} }","short":"M. Schaffer, H.M. Buhl, in: 2023.","mla":"Schaffer, Michael, and Heike M. Buhl. <i>Erklärungsverläufe Und -Inhalte Aus Sicht Erklärender - Eine Qualitative Studie</i>. 2023.","ama":"Schaffer M, Buhl HM. Erklärungsverläufe und -inhalte aus Sicht Erklärender - eine qualitative Studie. In: ; 2023.","ieee":"M. Schaffer and H. M. Buhl, “Erklärungsverläufe und -inhalte aus Sicht Erklärender - eine qualitative Studie,” presented at the PAEPS 19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie: Lehren und Lernen in einer Welt im Wandel, Kiel, 2023.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael, and Heike M. Buhl. “Erklärungsverläufe Und -Inhalte Aus Sicht Erklärender - Eine Qualitative Studie,” 2023."}},{"_id":"47448","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"department":[{"_id":"67"},{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"90826","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In XAI it is important to consider that, in contrast to explanations for professional audiences, one cannot assume common expertise when explaining for laypeople. But such explanations between humans vary greatly, making it difficult to research commonalities across explanations. We used the dual nature theory, a techno-philosophical approach, to cope with these challenges. According to it, one can explain, for example, an XAI's decision by addressing its dual nature: by focusing on the Architecture (e.g., the logic of its algorithms) or the Relevance (e.g., the severity of a decision, the implications of a recommendation). We investigated 20 game explanations using the theory as an analytical framework. We elaborate how we used the theory to quickly structure and compare explanations of technological artifacts. We supplemented results from analyzing the explanation contents with results from a video recall to explore how explainers justified their explanation. We found that explainers were focusing on the physical aspects of the game first (Architecture) and only later on aspects of the Relevance. Reasoning in the video recalls indicated that EX regarded the focus on the Architecture as important for structuring the explanation initially by explaining the basic components before focusing on more complex, intangible aspects. Shifting between addressing the two sides was justified by explanation goals, emerging misunderstandings, and the knowledge needs of the explainee. We discovered several commonalities that inspire future research questions which, if further generalizable, provide first ideas for the construction of synthetic explanations."}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2025-08-12T07:54:19Z","oa":"1","publisher":"Springer, Cham","date_created":"2023-09-26T12:00:06Z","author":[{"full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","id":"37320","last_name":"Terfloth","first_name":"Lutz"},{"last_name":"Schaffer","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"},{"last_name":"Schulte","id":"60311","full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","first_name":"Carsten"}],"title":"Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation","conference":{"start_date":"2023-07-26","name":"1st World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI 2023)","location":"Lisboa","end_date":"2023-07-28"},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13","open_access":"1"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-031-44069-4"]},"publication_status":"published","year":"2023","citation":{"short":"L. Terfloth, M. Schaffer, H.M. Buhl, C. Schulte, in: Springer, Cham, 2023.","mla":"Terfloth, Lutz, et al. <i>Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation</i>. Springer, Cham, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Terfloth_Schaffer_Buhl_Schulte_2023, title={Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>}, publisher={Springer, Cham}, author={Terfloth, Lutz and Schaffer, Michael and Buhl, Heike M. and Schulte, Carsten}, year={2023} }","apa":"Terfloth, L., Schaffer, M., Buhl, H. M., &#38; Schulte, C. (2023). <i>Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation</i>. 1st World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI 2023), Lisboa. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>","chicago":"Terfloth, Lutz, Michael Schaffer, Heike M. Buhl, and Carsten Schulte. “Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation.” Springer, Cham, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>.","ieee":"L. Terfloth, M. Schaffer, H. M. Buhl, and C. Schulte, “Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation,” presented at the 1st World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI 2023), Lisboa, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>.","ama":"Terfloth L, Schaffer M, Buhl HM, Schulte C. Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation. In: Springer, Cham; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_13</a>"}},{"year":"2023","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lohmer_Terfloth_Kern_2023, title={Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures are used in Everyday Explanations}, booktitle={First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract}, author={Lohmer, Vivien and Terfloth, Lutz and Kern, Friederike}, year={2023} }","short":"V. Lohmer, L. Terfloth, F. Kern, in: First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract, 2023.","mla":"Lohmer, Vivien, et al. “Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures Are Used in Everyday Explanations.” <i>First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract</i>, 2023.","apa":"Lohmer, V., Terfloth, L., &#38; Kern, F. (2023). Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures are used in Everyday Explanations. <i>First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract</i>. 1st International Multimodal Communication Symposium, Universität Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona.","ieee":"V. Lohmer, L. Terfloth, and F. Kern, “Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures are used in Everyday Explanations,” presented at the 1st International Multimodal Communication Symposium, Universität Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 2023.","chicago":"Lohmer, Vivien, Lutz Terfloth, and Friederike Kern. “Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures Are Used in Everyday Explanations.” In <i>First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract</i>, 2023.","ama":"Lohmer V, Terfloth L, Kern F. Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures are used in Everyday Explanations. In: <i>First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract</i>. ; 2023."},"publication_status":"published","title":"Explaining the Technical Artifact Quarto!: How Gestures are used in Everyday Explanations","conference":{"start_date":"2023-04-26","name":"1st International Multimodal Communication Symposium","location":"Universität Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","end_date":"2023-04-28"},"date_updated":"2025-09-23T10:13:42Z","author":[{"full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer","first_name":"Vivien"},{"first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth"},{"first_name":"Friederike","last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Friederike"}],"date_created":"2025-09-23T09:50:20Z","status":"public","publication":"First International Multimodal Communication Symposium - Book of Abstract","type":"conference_abstract","keyword":["gesture","dual nature","explanations","architecture","relevance"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"61402","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten","_id":"114"}],"user_id":"99097"},{"year":"2022","citation":{"short":"M. Schaffer, B. Lea, C. Schulte, H.M. Buhl, in: C. Bermeitinger, W.  Greve (Eds.), 52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts, 2022.","mla":"Schaffer, Michael, et al. “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner.” <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, edited by Christina Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve, 2022.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Schaffer_Lea_Schulte_Buhl_2022, title={Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner}, booktitle={52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts}, author={Schaffer, Michael and Lea, Budde and Schulte, Carsten and Buhl, Heike M.}, editor={Bermeitinger, Christina and  Greve, Werner}, year={2022} }","apa":"Schaffer, M., Lea, B., Schulte, C., &#38; Buhl, H. M. (2022). Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner. In C. Bermeitinger &#38; W.  Greve (Eds.), <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>.","ama":"Schaffer M, Lea B, Schulte C, Buhl HM. Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner. In: Bermeitinger C,  Greve W, eds. <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>. ; 2022.","chicago":"Schaffer, Michael, Budde Lea, Carsten Schulte, and Heike M. Buhl. “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner.” In <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, edited by Christina Bermeitinger and Werner  Greve, 2022.","ieee":"M. Schaffer, B. Lea, C. Schulte, and H. M. Buhl, “Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner,” in <i>52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts</i>, Hildesheim, 2022."},"date_updated":"2025-07-16T08:13:48Z","author":[{"last_name":"Schaffer","full_name":"Schaffer, Michael","id":"92807","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Budde","full_name":"Lea, Budde","last_name":"Lea"},{"id":"60311","full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Carsten"},{"last_name":"Buhl","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","first_name":"Heike M."}],"date_created":"2024-11-12T10:06:45Z","title":"Die Anpassungen von Erklärungen an das Verständnis des Erklärgegenstandes der Gesprächspartner","conference":{"start_date":"2022-09-10","name":"10. – 15.09.2022 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie","location":"Hildesheim","end_date":"2022-09-15"},"type":"conference_abstract","publication":"52nd DGPs Congress  - Abstracts","editor":[{"first_name":"Christina","full_name":"Bermeitinger, Christina","last_name":"Bermeitinger"},{"first_name":"Werner","full_name":" Greve, Werner","last_name":" Greve"}],"status":"public","project":[{"grant_number":"438445824","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)","_id":"114"}],"_id":"56993","user_id":"27152","keyword":["Cognition","Motivation","Technical Model","Mental Model","Explainer","Explainee","Qualitative Content Analysis"],"language":[{"iso":"ger"}]},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Recent approaches to Explainable AI (XAI) promise to satisfy diverse user expectations by allowing them to steer the interaction in order to elicit content relevant to them. However, little is known about how and to what extent the explainee takes part actively in the process of explaining. To tackle this empirical gap, we exploratively examined naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 11). Following the social design of XAI, we view explanations as emerging in interactions: first, we identified the verbal behavior of both the explainer and the explainee in the sequential context, which we could assign to phases that were either monological or dialogical; second, we investigated in particular who was responsible for the initiation of the different phases. Finally, we took a closer look at the global conversational structure of explanations by applying a context-sensitive model of organizational jobs, thus adding a third layer of analysis. Results show that in our small sample of conversational explanations, both monological and dialogical phases varied in their length, timing of occurrence (at the early or later stages of the interaction) and their initiation (by the explainer or the explainee). They alternated several times in the course of the interaction. However, we also found some patterns suggesting that all interactions started with a monological phase initiated by the explainer. Both conversational partners contributed to the core organizational job that constitutes an explanation. We interpret the results as an indication for naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions to be co-constructed on three levels of linguistic description: (1) by switching back and forth between monological to dialogical phases that (2) can be initiated by both partners and (3) by the mutual accomplishment and thus responsibility for an explanation’s core job that is crucial for the success of the explanation. Because of the explorative nature of our study, these results need to be investigated (a) with a larger sample and (b) in other contexts. However, our results suggest that future designs of artificial explainable systems should design the explanatory dialogue in such a way that it includes monological and dialogical phases that can be initiated not only by the explainer but also by the explainee, as both contribute to the core job of explicating procedural, clausal, or conceptual relations in explanations.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"KI - Künstliche Intelligenz","keyword":["Artificial Intelligence"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2022","issue":"3-4","title":"Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_created":"2024-02-14T09:44:23Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"51349","project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)"},{"name":"TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog (Teilprojekt A05)","_id":"115"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"57578","intvolume":"        36","page":"317-326","citation":{"short":"J.B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, K. Rohlfing, KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 36 (2022) 317–326.","mla":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, et al. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol. 36, no. 3–4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, pp. 317–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Fisher_Lohmer_Kern_Barthlen_Gaus_Rohlfing_2022, title={Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations}, volume={36}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>}, number={3–4}, journal={KI - Künstliche Intelligenz}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Lohmer, Vivien and Kern, Friederike and Barthlen, Winfried and Gaus, Sebastian and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2022}, pages={317–326} }","apa":"Fisher, J. B., Lohmer, V., Kern, F., Barthlen, W., Gaus, S., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2022). Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, <i>36</i>(3–4), 317–326. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>","chicago":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl, Vivien Lohmer, Friederike Kern, Winfried Barthlen, Sebastian Gaus, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i> 36, no. 3–4 (2022): 317–26. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","ieee":"J. B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, and K. Rohlfing, “Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations,” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol. 36, no. 3–4, pp. 317–326, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.","ama":"Fisher JB, Lohmer V, Kern F, Barthlen W, Gaus S, Rohlfing K. Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>. 2022;36(3-4):317-326. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1\">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1","date_updated":"2025-09-17T11:11:12Z","volume":36,"author":[{"full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","id":"56345","last_name":"Fisher","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","first_name":"Josephine Beryl"},{"first_name":"Vivien","full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer"},{"last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Friederike","first_name":"Friederike"},{"last_name":"Barthlen","full_name":"Barthlen, Winfried","first_name":"Winfried"},{"full_name":"Gaus, Sebastian","last_name":"Gaus","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"first_name":"Katharina","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina"}]}]