---
_id: '51349'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Recent approaches to Explainable
    AI (XAI) promise to satisfy diverse user expectations by allowing them to steer
    the interaction in order to elicit content relevant to them. However, little is
    known about how and to what extent the explainee takes part actively in the process
    of explaining. To tackle this empirical gap, we exploratively examined naturally
    occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 11).
    Following the social design of XAI, we view explanations as emerging in interactions:
    first, we identified the verbal behavior of both the explainer and the explainee
    in the sequential context, which we could assign to phases that were either monological
    or dialogical; second, we investigated in particular who was responsible for the
    initiation of the different phases. Finally, we took a closer look at the global
    conversational structure of explanations by applying a context-sensitive model
    of organizational jobs, thus adding a third layer of analysis. Results show that
    in our small sample of conversational explanations, both monological and dialogical
    phases varied in their length, timing of occurrence (at the early or later stages
    of the interaction) and their initiation (by the explainer or the explainee).
    They alternated several times in the course of the interaction. However, we also
    found some patterns suggesting that all interactions started with a monological
    phase initiated by the explainer. Both conversational partners contributed to
    the core organizational job that constitutes an explanation. We interpret the
    results as an indication for naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient
    interactions to be co-constructed on three levels of linguistic description: (1)
    by switching back and forth between monological to dialogical phases that (2) can
    be initiated by both partners and (3) by the mutual accomplishment and thus responsibility
    for an explanation’s core job that is crucial for the success of the explanation.
    Because of the explorative nature of our study, these results need to be investigated
    (a) with a larger sample and (b) in other contexts. However, our results suggest
    that future designs of artificial explainable systems should design the explanatory
    dialogue in such a way that it includes monological and dialogical phases that
    can be initiated not only by the explainer but also by the explainee, as both
    contribute to the core job of explicating procedural, clausal, or conceptual relations
    in explanations.</jats:p>'
author:
- first_name: Josephine Beryl
  full_name: Fisher, Josephine Beryl
  id: '56345'
  last_name: Fisher
  orcid: 0000-0002-9997-9241
- first_name: Vivien
  full_name: Lohmer, Vivien
  last_name: Lohmer
- first_name: Friederike
  full_name: Kern, Friederike
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Winfried
  full_name: Barthlen, Winfried
  last_name: Barthlen
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Gaus, Sebastian
  last_name: Gaus
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
  orcid: 0000-0002-5676-8233
citation:
  ama: Fisher JB, Lohmer V, Kern F, Barthlen W, Gaus S, Rohlfing K. Exploring monological
    and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche
    Intelligenz</i>. 2022;36(3-4):317-326. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>
  apa: Fisher, J. B., Lohmer, V., Kern, F., Barthlen, W., Gaus, S., &#38; Rohlfing,
    K. (2022). Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring
    explanations. <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, <i>36</i>(3–4), 317–326. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Fisher_Lohmer_Kern_Barthlen_Gaus_Rohlfing_2022, title={Exploring
    monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations}, volume={36},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>},
    number={3–4}, journal={KI - Künstliche Intelligenz}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Lohmer, Vivien and
    Kern, Friederike and Barthlen, Winfried and Gaus, Sebastian and Rohlfing, Katharina},
    year={2022}, pages={317–326} }'
  chicago: 'Fisher, Josephine Beryl, Vivien Lohmer, Friederike Kern, Winfried Barthlen,
    Sebastian Gaus, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical
    Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>
    36, no. 3–4 (2022): 317–26. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, and K. Rohlfing,
    “Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations,”
    <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol. 36, no. 3–4, pp. 317–326, 2022, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.'
  mla: Fisher, Josephine Beryl, et al. “Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases
    in Naturally Occurring Explanations.” <i>KI - Künstliche Intelligenz</i>, vol.
    36, no. 3–4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, pp. 317–26, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1">10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1</a>.
  short: J.B. Fisher, V. Lohmer, F. Kern, W. Barthlen, S. Gaus, K. Rohlfing, KI -
    Künstliche Intelligenz 36 (2022) 317–326.
date_created: 2024-02-14T09:44:23Z
date_updated: 2025-09-17T11:11:12Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/s13218-022-00787-1
intvolume: '        36'
issue: 3-4
keyword:
- Artificial Intelligence
language:
- iso: eng
page: 317-326
project:
- _id: '111'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A01: TRR 318 - Adaptives Erklären (Teilprojekt A01)'
- _id: '115'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog
    (Teilprojekt A05)'
- _id: '114'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
    bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)'
publication: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0933-1875
  - 1610-1987
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Exploring monological and dialogical phases in naturally occurring explanations
type: journal_article
user_id: '57578'
volume: 36
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '21267'
author:
- first_name: Lea
  full_name: Budde, Lea
  id: '32443'
  last_name: Budde
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Schulte, Carsten
  id: '60311'
  last_name: Schulte
- first_name: Heike M.
  full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
  id: '27152'
  last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Muehling, Andreas
  last_name: Muehling
citation:
  ama: Budde L, Schulte C, Buhl HM, Muehling A. Understanding and Explaining Digital
    Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital Publication Follows).
    <i>Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and
    Engineeringe</i>. Published online 2020.
  apa: Budde, L., Schulte, C., Buhl, H. M., &#38; Muehling, A. (2020). Understanding
    and Explaining Digital Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital
    Publication Follows). <i>Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching
    in Computing and Engineeringe</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Budde_Schulte_Buhl_Muehling_2020, title={Understanding and Explaining
    Digital Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital Publication
    Follows)}, journal={Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching
    in Computing and Engineeringe}, publisher={(IEEE)}, author={Budde, Lea and Schulte,
    Carsten and Buhl, Heike M. and Muehling, Andreas}, year={2020} }'
  chicago: Budde, Lea, Carsten Schulte, Heike M. Buhl, and Andreas Muehling. “Understanding
    and Explaining Digital Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital
    Publication Follows).” <i>Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching
    in Computing and Engineeringe</i>, 2020.
  ieee: L. Budde, C. Schulte, H. M. Buhl, and A. Muehling, “Understanding and Explaining
    Digital Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital Publication
    Follows),” <i>Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing
    and Engineeringe</i>, 2020.
  mla: Budde, Lea, et al. “Understanding and Explaining Digital Artefacts - the Role
    of a Duality (Accepted Paper - Digital Publication Follows).” <i>Seventh International
    Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineeringe</i>, (IEEE),
    2020.
  short: L. Budde, C. Schulte, H.M. Buhl, A. Muehling, Seventh International Conference
    on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineeringe (2020).
date_created: 2021-02-24T09:18:36Z
date_updated: 2025-08-12T07:15:23Z
department:
- _id: '67'
- _id: '427'
keyword:
- ⛔ No DOI found
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '114'
  grant_number: '438445824'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
    bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)'
publication: Seventh International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing
  and Engineeringe
publisher: (IEEE)
status: public
title: Understanding and Explaining Digital Artefacts - the Role of a Duality (Accepted
  Paper - Digital Publication Follows)
type: journal_article
user_id: '90826'
year: '2020'
...