---
_id: '60718'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The ability to generate explanations that are understood by explainees is
the\r\nquintessence of explainable artificial intelligence. Since understanding\r\ndepends
on the explainee's background and needs, recent research focused on\r\nco-constructive
explanation dialogues, where an explainer continuously monitors\r\nthe explainee's
understanding and adapts their explanations dynamically. We\r\ninvestigate the
ability of large language models (LLMs) to engage as explainers\r\nin co-constructive
explanation dialogues. In particular, we present a user\r\nstudy in which explainees
interact with an LLM in two settings, one of which\r\ninvolves the LLM being instructed
to explain a topic co-constructively. We\r\nevaluate the explainees' understanding
before and after the dialogue, as well\r\nas their perception of the LLMs' co-constructive
behavior. Our results suggest\r\nthat LLMs show some co-constructive behaviors,
such as asking verification\r\nquestions, that foster the explainees' engagement
and can improve understanding\r\nof a topic. However, their ability to effectively
monitor the current\r\nunderstanding and scaffold the explanations accordingly
remains limited."
author:
- first_name: Leandra
full_name: Fichtel, Leandra
last_name: Fichtel
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Spliethöver, Maximilian
last_name: Spliethöver
- first_name: Eyke
full_name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
last_name: Hüllermeier
- first_name: Patricia
full_name: Jimenez, Patricia
id: '103339'
last_name: Jimenez
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
id: '65716'
last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
- first_name: Amelie
full_name: Robrecht, Amelie
last_name: Robrecht
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Terfloth, Lutz
id: '37320'
last_name: Terfloth
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Wachsmuth, Henning
last_name: Wachsmuth
citation:
ama: Fichtel L, Spliethöver M, Hüllermeier E, et al. Investigating Co-Constructive
Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation Dialogues. arXiv:250418483.
Published online 2025.
apa: Fichtel, L., Spliethöver, M., Hüllermeier, E., Jimenez, P., Klowait, N., Kopp,
S., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Robrecht, A., Scharlau, I., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L.,
& Wachsmuth, H. (2025). Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language
Models in Explanation Dialogues. In arXiv:2504.18483.
bibtex: '@article{Fichtel_Spliethöver_Hüllermeier_Jimenez_Klowait_Kopp_Ngonga Ngomo_Robrecht_Scharlau_Terfloth_et
al._2025, title={Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models
in Explanation Dialogues}, journal={arXiv:2504.18483}, author={Fichtel, Leandra
and Spliethöver, Maximilian and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Jimenez, Patricia and Klowait,
Nils and Kopp, Stefan and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Robrecht, Amelie and
Scharlau, Ingrid and Terfloth, Lutz and et al.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Fichtel, Leandra, Maximilian Spliethöver, Eyke Hüllermeier, Patricia Jimenez,
Nils Klowait, Stefan Kopp, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive
Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation Dialogues.” ArXiv:2504.18483,
2025.
ieee: L. Fichtel et al., “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large
Language Models in Explanation Dialogues,” arXiv:2504.18483. 2025.
mla: Fichtel, Leandra, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language
Models in Explanation Dialogues.” ArXiv:2504.18483, 2025.
short: L. Fichtel, M. Spliethöver, E. Hüllermeier, P. Jimenez, N. Klowait, S. Kopp,
A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, A. Robrecht, I. Scharlau, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, H. Wachsmuth,
ArXiv:2504.18483 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-22T13:10:42Z
date_updated: 2025-07-23T11:23:32Z
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2504.18483'
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.18483
page: '20'
project:
- _id: '121'
grant_number: '438445824'
name: 'TRR 318 - B01: TRR 318 - Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen
des maschinellen Lernens (Teilprojekt B01)'
- _id: '127'
name: 'TRR 318 - C4: TRR 318 - Subproject C4 - Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens'
- _id: '122'
name: 'TRR 318 - B3: TRR 318 - Subproject B3'
- _id: '119'
name: 'TRR 318 - Ö: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö'
- _id: '114'
grant_number: '438445824'
name: 'TRR 318 - A04: TRR 318 - Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten (Teilprojekt A04)'
publication: arXiv:2504.18483
status: public
title: Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation
Dialogues
type: preprint
user_id: '98454'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61222'
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Lenke, Michael
id: '32621'
last_name: Lenke
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Lea
full_name: Biere, Lea
id: '46664'
last_name: Biere
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Schulte, Carsten
id: '60311'
last_name: Schulte
citation:
ama: 'Lenke M, Klowait N, Biere L, Schulte C. Assessing AI Literacy: A Systematic
Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis on Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Ethical
Aspects. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland;
2025. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8'
apa: 'Lenke, M., Klowait, N., Biere, L., & Schulte, C. (2025). Assessing AI
Literacy: A Systematic Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis on Affective, Behavioral,
Cognitive, and Ethical Aspects. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer
Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8'
bibtex: '@inbook{Lenke_Klowait_Biere_Schulte_2025, place={Cham}, title={Assessing
AI Literacy: A Systematic Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis on Affective,
Behavioral, Cognitive, and Ethical Aspects}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8},
booktitle={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, publisher={Springer Nature Switzerland},
author={Lenke, Michael and Klowait, Nils and Biere, Lea and Schulte, Carsten},
year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Lenke, Michael, Nils Klowait, Lea Biere, and Carsten Schulte. “Assessing
AI Literacy: A Systematic Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis on Affective,
Behavioral, Cognitive, and Ethical Aspects.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8.'
ieee: 'M. Lenke, N. Klowait, L. Biere, and C. Schulte, “Assessing AI Literacy: A
Systematic Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis on Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive,
and Ethical Aspects,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Cham: Springer
Nature Switzerland, 2025.'
mla: 'Lenke, Michael, et al. “Assessing AI Literacy: A Systematic Review of Questionnaires
with Emphasis on Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Ethical Aspects.” Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8.'
short: 'M. Lenke, N. Klowait, L. Biere, C. Schulte, in: Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.'
date_created: 2025-09-11T14:02:42Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T14:07:54Z
department:
- _id: '67'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-01222-7_8
language:
- iso: eng
place: Cham
project:
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
publication: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9783032012210'
- '9783032012227'
issn:
- 0302-9743
- 1611-3349
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
status: public
title: 'Assessing AI Literacy: A Systematic Review of Questionnaires with Emphasis
on Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Ethical Aspects'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '98454'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61223'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Contemporary debates about artificial intelligence (AI) still treat
automation as a straightforward substitution of human labor by machines. Drawing
on Goffman’s dramaturgical sociology, this paper reframes AI in the workplace
as supplementary rather than substitutive
automation. We argue that the central—but routinely overlooked—terrain of struggle
is symbolic-interactional: workers continuously stage, conceal, and re-negotiate
what counts as “real” work and professional competence. Large language models
(LLMs) such as ChatGPT exemplify this dynamic. They quietly take over the invisible,
routinised tasks that underpin cognitive occupations (editing, summarizing, first-draft
production) while leaving humans to enact the highly visible or relational facets
that sustain occupational prestige. Drawing on diverse sources to illustrate our
theoretical argument, we show how individual workers, dramaturgical teams, and
entire professional fields manage impressions of expertise in order to counter
status threats, renegotiate fees, or obscure the extent of AI assistance. The
paper itself, having been intentionally written with the ‘aid’ of all presently
available frontier AI models, serves as a meta-reflexive performance of professional
self-staging. The dramaturgical framework clarifies why utopian tales of friction-free
augmentation and dystopian narratives of total displacement both misread how automation
is actually unfolding. By foregrounding visibility, obfuscation, and impression
management, the article presents a differentiated case for AI’s impact on the
performative structure of work, outlines diagnostic tools for assessing real-world
AI exposure beyond hype-driven headlines, and argues for a more human-centered
basis for evaluating policy responses to the ‘fourth industrial revolution.’ In
short, AI enters the labor process not as an autonomous actor, but as a prop within
an ongoing social performance—one whose scripts, stages, and audiences remain
irreducibly human.'
article_number: '1614473'
author:
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Erofeeva, Maria
last_name: Erofeeva
citation:
ama: Klowait N, Erofeeva M. The presentation of self in the age of ChatGPT. Frontiers
in Sociology. 2025;10. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473
apa: Klowait, N., & Erofeeva, M. (2025). The presentation of self in the age
of ChatGPT. Frontiers in Sociology, 10, Article 1614473. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473
bibtex: '@article{Klowait_Erofeeva_2025, title={The presentation of self in the
age of ChatGPT}, volume={10}, DOI={10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473},
number={1614473}, journal={Frontiers in Sociology}, publisher={Frontiers Media
SA}, author={Klowait, Nils and Erofeeva, Maria}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “The Presentation of Self in the Age
of ChatGPT.” Frontiers in Sociology 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473.
ieee: 'N. Klowait and M. Erofeeva, “The presentation of self in the age of ChatGPT,”
Frontiers in Sociology, vol. 10, Art. no. 1614473, 2025, doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473.'
mla: Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “The Presentation of Self in the Age of
ChatGPT.” Frontiers in Sociology, vol. 10, 1614473, Frontiers Media SA,
2025, doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473.
short: N. Klowait, M. Erofeeva, Frontiers in Sociology 10 (2025).
date_created: 2025-09-11T14:08:31Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T14:10:30Z
department:
- _id: '603'
doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473
intvolume: ' 10'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
publication: Frontiers in Sociology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2297-7775
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: The presentation of self in the age of ChatGPT
type: journal_article
user_id: '98454'
volume: 10
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61234'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The ability to generate explanations that are understood by explainees is
the\r\nquintessence of explainable artificial intelligence. Since understanding\r\ndepends
on the explainee's background and needs, recent research focused on\r\nco-constructive
explanation dialogues, where an explainer continuously monitors\r\nthe explainee's
understanding and adapts their explanations dynamically. We\r\ninvestigate the
ability of large language models (LLMs) to engage as explainers\r\nin co-constructive
explanation dialogues. In particular, we present a user\r\nstudy in which explainees
interact with an LLM in two settings, one of which\r\ninvolves the LLM being instructed
to explain a topic co-constructively. We\r\nevaluate the explainees' understanding
before and after the dialogue, as well\r\nas their perception of the LLMs' co-constructive
behavior. Our results suggest\r\nthat LLMs show some co-constructive behaviors,
such as asking verification\r\nquestions, that foster the explainees' engagement
and can improve understanding\r\nof a topic. However, their ability to effectively
monitor the current\r\nunderstanding and scaffold the explanations accordingly
remains limited."
author:
- first_name: Leandra
full_name: Fichtel, Leandra
last_name: Fichtel
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Spliethöver, Maximilian
id: '84035'
last_name: Spliethöver
orcid: 0000-0003-4364-1409
- first_name: Eyke
full_name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
id: '48129'
last_name: Hüllermeier
- first_name: Patricia
full_name: Jimenez, Patricia
id: '103339'
last_name: Jimenez
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
id: '65716'
last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
- first_name: Amelie
full_name: Robrecht, Amelie
id: '91982'
last_name: Robrecht
orcid: 0000-0001-5622-8248
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Terfloth, Lutz
id: '37320'
last_name: Terfloth
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
id: '86589'
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Wachsmuth, Henning
id: '3900'
last_name: Wachsmuth
citation:
ama: 'Fichtel L, Spliethöver M, Hüllermeier E, et al. Investigating Co-Constructive
Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation Dialogues. In: Proceedings
of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue.
Association for Computational Linguistics.'
apa: Fichtel, L., Spliethöver, M., Hüllermeier, E., Jimenez, P., Klowait, N., Kopp,
S., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Robrecht, A., Scharlau, I., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L.,
& Wachsmuth, H. (n.d.). Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language
Models in Explanation Dialogues. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of
the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue. Annual Meeting of the
Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Fichtel_Spliethöver_Hüllermeier_Jimenez_Klowait_Kopp_Ngonga
Ngomo_Robrecht_Scharlau_Terfloth_et al., place={Avignon, France}, title={Investigating
Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation Dialogues},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group
on Discourse and Dialogue}, publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics},
author={Fichtel, Leandra and Spliethöver, Maximilian and Hüllermeier, Eyke and
Jimenez, Patricia and Klowait, Nils and Kopp, Stefan and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
and Robrecht, Amelie and Scharlau, Ingrid and Terfloth, Lutz and et al.} }'
chicago: 'Fichtel, Leandra, Maximilian Spliethöver, Eyke Hüllermeier, Patricia Jimenez,
Nils Klowait, Stefan Kopp, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive
Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation Dialogues.” In Proceedings
of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue.
Avignon, France: Association for Computational Linguistics, n.d.'
ieee: L. Fichtel et al., “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large
Language Models in Explanation Dialogues,” presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue.
mla: Fichtel, Leandra, et al. “Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language
Models in Explanation Dialogues.” Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of
the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Association for Computational
Linguistics.
short: 'L. Fichtel, M. Spliethöver, E. Hüllermeier, P. Jimenez, N. Klowait, S. Kopp,
A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, A. Robrecht, I. Scharlau, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, H. Wachsmuth,
in: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse
and Dialogue, Association for Computational Linguistics, Avignon, France, n.d.'
conference:
name: Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
date_created: 2025-09-11T16:11:17Z
date_updated: 2025-09-12T09:50:48Z
department:
- _id: '660'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2504.18483'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18483
oa: '1'
place: Avignon, France
project:
- _id: '118'
name: 'TRR 318: Project Area INF'
- _id: '121'
name: 'TRR 318; TP B01: Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des
maschinellen Lernens'
- _id: '127'
name: 'TRR 318; TP C04: Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens'
- _id: '122'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject B3
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
publication: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group
on Discourse and Dialogue
publication_status: accepted
publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/webis-de/sigdial25-co-constructive-llms
- relation: research_data
url: https://github.com/webis-de/sigdial25-co-constructive-llms-data
status: public
title: Investigating Co-Constructive Behavior of Large Language Models in Explanation
Dialogues
type: conference
user_id: '84035'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61225'
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Lenke, Michael
id: '32621'
last_name: Lenke
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Lehner, Lukas
last_name: Lehner
- first_name: Martina
full_name: Landman, Martina
last_name: Landman
citation:
ama: 'Lenke M, Lehner L, Landman M. “I’m Actually More Interested in AI Than in
Computer Science” - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First Encounter with AI. In:
2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE; 2025.
doi:10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657'
apa: Lenke, M., Lehner, L., & Landman, M. (2025). “I’m Actually More Interested
in AI Than in Computer Science” - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First Encounter
with AI. 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lenke_Lehner_Landman_2025, title={“I’m Actually More Interested
in AI Than in Computer Science” - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First Encounter
with AI}, DOI={10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657},
booktitle={2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)}, publisher={IEEE},
author={Lenke, Michael and Lehner, Lukas and Landman, Martina}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Lenke, Michael, Lukas Lehner, and Martina Landman. “‘I’m Actually More
Interested in AI Than in Computer Science’ - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First
Encounter with AI.” In 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON).
IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657.
ieee: 'M. Lenke, L. Lehner, and M. Landman, “‘I’m Actually More Interested in AI
Than in Computer Science’ - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First Encounter with
AI,” 2025, doi: 10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657.'
mla: Lenke, Michael, et al. “‘I’m Actually More Interested in AI Than in Computer
Science’ - 12-Year-Olds Describing Their First Encounter with AI.” 2025 IEEE
Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), IEEE, 2025, doi:10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657.
short: 'M. Lenke, L. Lehner, M. Landman, in: 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education
Conference (EDUCON), IEEE, 2025.'
date_created: 2025-09-11T14:10:06Z
date_updated: 2025-09-15T09:08:45Z
doi: 10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016657
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
publication: 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: “I'm Actually More Interested in AI Than in Computer Science” - 12-Year-Olds
Describing Their First Encounter with AI
type: conference
user_id: '32621'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61224'
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Lenke, Michael
id: '32621'
last_name: Lenke
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Schulte, Carsten
id: '60311'
last_name: Schulte
citation:
ama: 'Lenke M, Schulte C. Enhancing AI Interaction through Co-Construction: A Multi-Faceted
Workshop Framework. In: 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON).
IEEE; 2025. doi:10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326'
apa: 'Lenke, M., & Schulte, C. (2025). Enhancing AI Interaction through Co-Construction:
A Multi-Faceted Workshop Framework. 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education
Conference (EDUCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lenke_Schulte_2025, title={Enhancing AI Interaction through
Co-Construction: A Multi-Faceted Workshop Framework}, DOI={10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326},
booktitle={2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)}, publisher={IEEE},
author={Lenke, Michael and Schulte, Carsten}, year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Lenke, Michael, and Carsten Schulte. “Enhancing AI Interaction through
Co-Construction: A Multi-Faceted Workshop Framework.” In 2025 IEEE Global Engineering
Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326.'
ieee: 'M. Lenke and C. Schulte, “Enhancing AI Interaction through Co-Construction:
A Multi-Faceted Workshop Framework,” 2025, doi: 10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326.'
mla: 'Lenke, Michael, and Carsten Schulte. “Enhancing AI Interaction through Co-Construction:
A Multi-Faceted Workshop Framework.” 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education
Conference (EDUCON), IEEE, 2025, doi:10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326.'
short: 'M. Lenke, C. Schulte, in: 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference
(EDUCON), IEEE, 2025.'
date_created: 2025-09-11T14:08:59Z
date_updated: 2025-09-15T09:09:07Z
doi: 10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016326
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
publication: 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: 'Enhancing AI Interaction through Co-Construction: A Multi-Faceted Workshop
Framework'
type: conference
user_id: '32621'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial
intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence
(XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’
on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still
not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific
investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding
for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing
together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology,
a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the
process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding
are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing
how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different
degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding
in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the
explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In
this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent.
Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding
in XAI are discussed.
article_number: '101419'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Friederike
full_name: Kern, Friederike
last_name: Kern
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Helen
full_name: Beierling, Helen
id: '50995'
last_name: Beierling
- first_name: Josephine Beryl
full_name: Fisher, Josephine Beryl
id: '56345'
last_name: Fisher
orcid: 0000-0002-9997-9241
- first_name: André
full_name: Groß, André
id: '93405'
last_name: Groß
orcid: 0000-0002-9593-7220
- first_name: Ilona
full_name: Horwath, Ilona
id: '68836'
last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
id: '90345'
last_name: Lazarov
orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Lenke, Michael
last_name: Lenke
- first_name: Vivien
full_name: Lohmer, Vivien
last_name: Lohmer
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
orcid: 0000-0002-5676-8233
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Amit
full_name: Singh, Amit
id: '91018'
last_name: Singh
orcid: 0000-0002-7789-1521
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Terfloth, Lutz
id: '37320'
last_name: Terfloth
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
id: '86589'
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Annedore
full_name: Wilmes, Annedore
last_name: Wilmes
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
citation:
ama: Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Kern F, et al. Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.
Cognitive Systems Research. 2025;94. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419
apa: Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., Kern, F., Grimminger, A., Beierling, H., Fisher,
J. B., Groß, A., Horwath, I., Klowait, N., Lazarov, S. T., Lenke, M., Lohmer,
V., Rohlfing, K., Scharlau, I., Singh, A., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., Wang,
Y., Wilmes, A., & Wrede, B. (2025). Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.
Cognitive Systems Research, 94, Article 101419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419
bibtex: '@article{Buschmeier_Buhl_Kern_Grimminger_Beierling_Fisher_Groß_Horwath_Klowait_Lazarov_et
al._2025, title={Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}, volume={94}, DOI={10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419},
number={101419}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, author={Buschmeier, Hendrik
and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling,
Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait,
Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and et al.}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Buschmeier, Hendrik, Heike M. Buhl, Friederike Kern, Angela Grimminger,
Helen Beierling, Josephine Beryl Fisher, André Groß, et al. “Forms of Understanding
for XAI-Explanations.” Cognitive Systems Research 94 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419.
ieee: 'H. Buschmeier et al., “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations,”
Cognitive Systems Research, vol. 94, Art. no. 101419, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419.'
mla: Buschmeier, Hendrik, et al. “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.”
Cognitive Systems Research, vol. 94, 101419, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419.
short: H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, F. Kern, A. Grimminger, H. Beierling, J.B. Fisher,
A. Groß, I. Horwath, N. Klowait, S.T. Lazarov, M. Lenke, V. Lohmer, K. Rohlfing,
I. Scharlau, A. Singh, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, Y. Wang, A. Wilmes, B. Wrede,
Cognitive Systems Research 94 (2025).
date_created: 2025-09-08T14:24:32Z
date_updated: 2025-12-05T15:32:25Z
ddc:
- '006'
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: hbuschme
date_created: 2025-12-01T21:02:20Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T21:02:20Z
file_id: '62730'
file_name: Buschmeier-etal-2025-COGSYS.pdf
file_size: 10114981
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-01T21:02:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 94'
keyword:
- understanding
- explaining
- explanations
- explainable
- AI
- interdisciplinarity
- comprehension
- enabledness
- agency
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041725000993?via%3Dihub
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '113'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject A3
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
- _id: '115'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog'
- _id: '122'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject B3
- _id: '123'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject B5
- _id: '119'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö
publication: Cognitive Systems Research
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations
type: journal_article
user_id: '57578'
volume: 94
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '56190'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'This study investigates the potential of using advanced conversational artificial
intelligence (AI) to help people understand complex AI systems. In line with conversation-analytic
research, we view the participatory role of AI as dynamically unfolding in a situation
rather than being predetermined by its architecture. To study user sensemaking
of intransparent AI systems, we set up a naturalistic encounter between human
participants and two AI systems developed in-house: a reinforcement learning simulation
and a GPT-4-based explainer chatbot. Our results reveal that an explainer-AI only
truly functions as such when participants actively engage with it as a co-constructive
agent. Both the interface’s spatial configuration and the asynchronous temporal
nature of the explainer AI – combined with the users’ presuppositions about its
role – contribute to the decision whether to treat the AI as a dialogical co-participant
in the interaction. Participants establish evidentiality conventions and sensemaking
procedures that may diverge from a system’s intended design or function.'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Erofeeva, Maria
last_name: Erofeeva
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Lenke, Michael
id: '32621'
last_name: Lenke
- first_name: Ilona
full_name: Horwath, Ilona
id: '68836'
last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
citation:
ama: Klowait N, Erofeeva M, Lenke M, Horwath I, Buschmeier H. Can AI explain AI?
Interactive co-construction of explanations among human and artificial agents.
Discourse & Communication. 2024;18(6):917-930. doi:10.1177/17504813241267069
apa: Klowait, N., Erofeeva, M., Lenke, M., Horwath, I., & Buschmeier, H. (2024).
Can AI explain AI? Interactive co-construction of explanations among human and
artificial agents. Discourse & Communication, 18(6), 917–930.
https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813241267069
bibtex: '@article{Klowait_Erofeeva_Lenke_Horwath_Buschmeier_2024, title={Can AI
explain AI? Interactive co-construction of explanations among human and artificial
agents}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1177/17504813241267069},
number={6}, journal={Discourse & Communication}, publisher={Sage}, author={Klowait,
Nils and Erofeeva, Maria and Lenke, Michael and Horwath, Ilona and Buschmeier,
Hendrik}, year={2024}, pages={917–930} }'
chicago: 'Klowait, Nils, Maria Erofeeva, Michael Lenke, Ilona Horwath, and Hendrik
Buschmeier. “Can AI Explain AI? Interactive Co-Construction of Explanations among
Human and Artificial Agents.” Discourse & Communication 18, no. 6 (2024):
917–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813241267069.'
ieee: 'N. Klowait, M. Erofeeva, M. Lenke, I. Horwath, and H. Buschmeier, “Can AI
explain AI? Interactive co-construction of explanations among human and artificial
agents,” Discourse & Communication, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 917–930, 2024,
doi: 10.1177/17504813241267069.'
mla: Klowait, Nils, et al. “Can AI Explain AI? Interactive Co-Construction of Explanations
among Human and Artificial Agents.” Discourse & Communication, vol.
18, no. 6, Sage, 2024, pp. 917–30, doi:10.1177/17504813241267069.
short: N. Klowait, M. Erofeeva, M. Lenke, I. Horwath, H. Buschmeier, Discourse &
Communication 18 (2024) 917–930.
date_created: 2024-09-20T09:21:14Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T14:09:42Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1177/17504813241267069
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: hbuschme
date_created: 2024-10-03T16:03:33Z
date_updated: 2024-10-03T16:03:33Z
file_id: '56313'
file_name: klowait-etal-2024-DCM.pdf
file_size: 2488042
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-10-03T16:03:33Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 18'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 917-930
project:
- _id: '119'
name: 'TRR 318 - Ö: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö'
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Discourse & Communication
publication_status: published
publisher: Sage
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: supplementary_material
url: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4YMT3
status: public
title: Can AI explain AI? Interactive co-construction of explanations among human
and artificial agents
type: journal_article
user_id: '98454'
volume: 18
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '43437'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In virtual reality (VR), participants may not always have hands,
bodies, eyes, or even voices—using VR helmets and two controllers, participants
control an avatar through virtual worlds that do not necessarily obey familiar
laws of physics; moreover, the avatar’s bodily characteristics may not neatly
match our bodies in the physical world. Despite these limitations and specificities,
humans get things done through collaboration and the creative use of the environment.
While multiuser interactive VR is attracting greater numbers of participants,
there are currently few attempts to analyze the in situ interaction systematically.
This paper proposes a video-analytic detail-oriented methodological framework
for studying virtual reality interaction. Using multimodal conversation analysis,
the paper investigates a nonverbal, embodied, two-person interaction: two players
in a survival game strive to gesturally resolve a misunderstanding regarding an
in-game mechanic—however, both of their microphones are turned off for the duration
of play. The players’ inability to resort to complex language to resolve this
issue results in a dense sequence of back-and-forth activity involving gestures,
object manipulation, gaze, and body work. Most crucially, timing and modified
repetitions of previously produced actions turn out to be the key to overcome
both technical and communicative challenges. The paper analyzes these action sequences,
demonstrates how they generate intended outcomes, and proposes a vocabulary to
speak about these types of interaction more generally. The findings demonstrate
the viability of multimodal analysis of VR interaction, shed light on unique challenges
of analyzing interaction in virtual reality, and generate broader methodological
insights about the study of nonverbal action.'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
citation:
ama: Klowait N. On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual Reality.
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2023;2023:1-15. doi:10.1155/2023/8417012
apa: Klowait, N. (2023). On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual
Reality. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8417012
bibtex: '@article{Klowait_2023, title={On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search
Sequence in Virtual Reality}, volume={2023}, DOI={10.1155/2023/8417012},
journal={Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies}, publisher={Hindawi Limited},
author={Klowait, Nils}, year={2023}, pages={1–15} }'
chicago: 'Klowait, Nils. “On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual
Reality.” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2023 (2023): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8417012.'
ieee: 'N. Klowait, “On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual
Reality,” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, vol. 2023, pp. 1–15,
2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/8417012.'
mla: Klowait, Nils. “On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual
Reality.” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, vol. 2023, Hindawi
Limited, 2023, pp. 1–15, doi:10.1155/2023/8417012.
short: N. Klowait, Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2023 (2023) 1–15.
date_created: 2023-04-06T10:57:28Z
date_updated: 2024-03-26T09:40:53Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '9'
doi: 10.1155/2023/8417012
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: nklowait
date_created: 2023-04-06T11:00:01Z
date_updated: 2023-04-06T11:00:01Z
file_id: '43438'
file_name: Klowait_2023a.pdf
file_size: 2877385
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-04-06T11:00:01Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 2023'
keyword:
- Human-Computer Interaction
- General Social Sciences
- Social Psychology
- 'Virtual Reality : Multimodality'
- Nonverbal Interaction
- Search Sequence
- Gesture
- Co-Operative Action
- Goodwin
- Ethnomethodology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8417012
oa: '1'
page: 1-15
project:
- _id: '119'
name: 'TRR 318 - Ö: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö'
publication: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2578-1863
publication_status: published
publisher: Hindawi Limited
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual Reality
type: journal_article
user_id: '98454'
volume: 2023
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '45599'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We investigate how people with atypical bodily capabilities interact
within virtual reality (VR) and the way they overcome interactional challenges
in these emerging social environments. Based on a videographic multimodal single
case analysis, we demonstrate how non-speaking VR participants furnish their bodies,
at-hand instruments, and their interactive environment for their practical purposes.
Our findings are subsequently related to renewed discussions of the relationship
between agency and environment, and the co-constructed nature of situated action.
We thus aim to contribute to the growing vocabulary of atypical interaction analysis
and the broader context of ethnomethodological conceptualizations of unorthodox
and fractured interactional ecologies.
alternative_title:
- How Atypical Interactants Adapt their Virtual Worlds
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils
full_name: Klowait, Nils
id: '98454'
last_name: Klowait
orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Erofeeva, Maria
last_name: Erofeeva
citation:
ama: Klowait N, Erofeeva M. Halting the Decay of Talk. Social Interaction Video-Based
Studies of Human Sociality. 2023;6(1). doi:10.7146/si.v6i1.136903
apa: Klowait, N., & Erofeeva, M. (2023). Halting the Decay of Talk. Social
Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i1.136903
bibtex: '@article{Klowait_Erofeeva_2023, title={Halting the Decay of Talk}, volume={6},
DOI={10.7146/si.v6i1.136903},
number={1}, journal={Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality},
publisher={Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library}, author={Klowait, Nils and
Erofeeva, Maria}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “Halting the Decay of Talk.” Social
Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality 6, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i1.136903.
ieee: 'N. Klowait and M. Erofeeva, “Halting the Decay of Talk,” Social Interaction.
Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.7146/si.v6i1.136903.'
mla: Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “Halting the Decay of Talk.” Social Interaction.
Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, vol. 6, no. 1, Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal
Danish Library, 2023, doi:10.7146/si.v6i1.136903.
short: N. Klowait, M. Erofeeva, Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human
Sociality 6 (2023).
date_created: 2023-06-13T11:35:02Z
date_updated: 2024-03-26T09:41:35Z
department:
- _id: '9'
doi: 10.7146/si.v6i1.136903
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '119'
name: 'TRR 318 - Ö: TRR 318 - Project Area Ö'
publication: Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2446-3620
publication_status: published
publisher: Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Halting the Decay of Talk
type: journal_article
user_id: '98454'
volume: 6
year: '2023'
...