[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"57578","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"_id":"112","name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären","_id":"111"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog","_id":"115"},{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5"}],"_id":"61112","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Katharina","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"first_name":"Kary","last_name":"Främling","full_name":"Främling, Kary"},{"full_name":"Thommes, Kirsten","last_name":"Thommes","first_name":"Kirsten"},{"full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","first_name":"Suzana"},{"last_name":"Lim","full_name":"Lim, Brian Y.","first_name":"Brian Y."}],"type":"book_chapter","publication":"Social Explainable AI","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5","title":"Practices: How to establish an explaining practice","date_created":"2025-09-02T14:33:16Z","author":[{"id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","first_name":"Katharina J."},{"first_name":"Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa"},{"id":"57578","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","last_name":"Grimminger","first_name":"Angela"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-20T09:11:58Z","oa":"1","publisher":"Springer","citation":{"mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Practices: How to Establish an Explaining Practice.” <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5</a>.","bibtex":"@inbook{Rohlfing_Vollmer_Grimminger_2026, title={Practices: How to establish an explaining practice}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5</a>}, booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Grimminger, Angela}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina and Främling, Kary and Thommes, Kirsten and Alpsancar, Suzana and Lim, Brian Y.}, year={2026} }","short":"K.J. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, A. Grimminger, in: K. Rohlfing, K. Främling, K. Thommes, S. Alpsancar, B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026.","apa":"Rohlfing, K. J., Vollmer, A.-L., &#38; Grimminger, A. (2026). Practices: How to establish an explaining practice. In K. Rohlfing, K. Främling, K. Thommes, S. Alpsancar, &#38; B. Y. Lim (Eds.), <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5</a>","ieee":"K. J. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, and A. Grimminger, “Practices: How to establish an explaining practice,” in <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, K. Rohlfing, K. Främling, K. Thommes, S. Alpsancar, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026.","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina J., Anna-Lisa Vollmer, and Angela Grimminger. “Practices: How to Establish an Explaining Practice.” In <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Kirsten Thommes, Suzana Alpsancar, and Brian Y. Lim. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5</a>.","ama":"Rohlfing KJ, Vollmer A-L, Grimminger A. Practices: How to establish an explaining practice. In: Rohlfing K, Främling K, Thommes K, Alpsancar S, Lim BY, eds. <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5</a>"},"year":"2026","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5","relation":"original"}]},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-981-96-5290-7"]}},{"citation":{"ieee":"A.-L. Vollmer <i>et al.</i>, “Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI,” in <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K. Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.","chicago":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Heike M. Buhl, Rachid Alami, Kary Främling, Angela Grimminger, Meisam Booshehri, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Components of an Explanation for Co-Constructive SXAI.” In <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kirsten Thommes, 39–53. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>.","ama":"Vollmer A-L, Buhl HM, Alami R, et al. Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. <i>Social Explainable AI</i>. Springer; 2026:39-53. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>","mla":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “Components of an Explanation for Co-Constructive SXAI.” <i>Social Explainable AI</i>, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>.","short":"A.-L. Vollmer, H.M. Buhl, R. Alami, K. Främling, A. Grimminger, M. Booshehri, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.","bibtex":"@inbook{Vollmer_Buhl_Alami_Främling_Grimminger_Booshehri_Ngonga Ngomo_2026, title={Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>}, booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Buhl, Heike M. and Alami, Rachid and Främling, Kary and Grimminger, Angela and Booshehri, Meisam and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten}, year={2026}, pages={39–53} }","apa":"Vollmer, A.-L., Buhl, H. M., Alami, R., Främling, K., Grimminger, A., Booshehri, M., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2026). Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, &#38; K. Thommes (Eds.), <i>Social Explainable AI</i> (pp. 39–53). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3</a>"},"page":"39-53","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"original","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3"}]},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-981-96-5290-7"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3","author":[{"first_name":"Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152","last_name":"Buhl"},{"first_name":"Rachid","last_name":"Alami","full_name":"Alami, Rachid"},{"full_name":"Främling, Kary","last_name":"Främling","first_name":"Kary"},{"first_name":"Angela","id":"57578","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","last_name":"Grimminger"},{"full_name":"Booshehri, Meisam","last_name":"Booshehri","first_name":"Meisam"},{"first_name":"Axel-Cyrille","last_name":"Ngonga Ngomo","full_name":"Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille","id":"65716"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-03-23T18:28:01Z","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J."},{"first_name":"Kary","last_name":"Främling","full_name":"Främling, Kary"},{"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Lim","full_name":"Lim, Brian"},{"first_name":"Suzana","last_name":"Alpsancar","full_name":"Alpsancar, Suzana"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","last_name":"Thommes","full_name":"Thommes, Kirsten"}],"type":"book_chapter","user_id":"90826","department":[{"_id":"660"}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten","_id":"112"},{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5","_id":"123"},{"_id":"118","name":"TRR 318: Project Area INF"}],"_id":"61325","year":"2026","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI","date_created":"2025-09-17T10:16:52Z","publisher":"Springer","publication":"Social Explainable AI","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"year":"2025","title":"The power of combined modalities in interactive robot learning","date_created":"2024-07-26T08:35:24Z","publisher":"Frontiers ","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"creator":"helebeen","date_created":"2025-09-17T13:36:09Z","date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:36:09Z","file_id":"61331","access_level":"closed","file_name":"frobt-12-1598968.pdf","file_size":36978223}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study contributes to the evolving field of robot learning in interaction\r\nwith humans, examining the impact of diverse input modalities on learning\r\noutcomes. It introduces the concept of \"meta-modalities\" which encapsulate\r\nadditional forms of feedback beyond the traditional preference and scalar\r\nfeedback mechanisms. Unlike prior research that focused on individual\r\nmeta-modalities, this work evaluates their combined effect on learning\r\noutcomes. Through a study with human participants, we explore user preferences\r\nfor these modalities and their impact on robot learning performance. Our\r\nfindings reveal that while individual modalities are perceived differently,\r\ntheir combination significantly improves learning behavior and usability. This\r\nresearch not only provides valuable insights into the optimization of\r\nhuman-robot interactive task learning but also opens new avenues for enhancing\r\nthe interactive freedom and scaffolding capabilities provided to users in such\r\nsettings."}],"publication":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["004"],"keyword":["human-robot interaction","human-in-the-loop learning","reinforcement learning","interactive robot learning","multi-modal feedback","learning from demonstration","preference-based learning","scaffolding in robot learning"],"citation":{"apa":"Beierling, H., Beierling, R., &#38; Vollmer, A.-L. (2025). The power of combined modalities in interactive robot learning. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, <i>12</i>.","mla":"Beierling, Helen, et al. “The Power of Combined Modalities in Interactive Robot Learning.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 12, Frontiers , 2025.","short":"H. Beierling, R. Beierling, A.-L. Vollmer, Frontiers in Robotics and AI 12 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Beierling_Beierling_Vollmer_2025, title={The power of combined modalities in interactive robot learning}, volume={12}, journal={Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, publisher={Frontiers }, author={Beierling, Helen and Beierling, Robin  and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa}, year={2025} }","ama":"Beierling H, Beierling R, Vollmer A-L. The power of combined modalities in interactive robot learning. <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>. 2025;12.","ieee":"H. Beierling, R. Beierling, and A.-L. Vollmer, “The power of combined modalities in interactive robot learning,” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i>, vol. 12, 2025.","chicago":"Beierling, Helen, Robin  Beierling, and Anna-Lisa Vollmer. “The Power of Combined Modalities in Interactive Robot Learning.” <i>Frontiers in Robotics and AI</i> 12 (2025)."},"intvolume":"        12","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12312635/"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Beierling, Helen","last_name":"Beierling","first_name":"Helen"},{"full_name":"Beierling, Robin ","last_name":"Beierling","first_name":"Robin "},{"first_name":"Anna-Lisa","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer"}],"volume":12,"oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:38:18Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","extern":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:36:09Z","funded_apc":"1","article_type":"original","user_id":"50995","project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5","_id":"123"}],"_id":"55400"},{"date_created":"2025-09-17T12:42:45Z","author":[{"first_name":"Kim ","last_name":"Baraka","full_name":"Baraka, Kim "},{"first_name":"Ifrah","full_name":"Idrees, Ifrah","last_name":"Idrees"},{"first_name":"Taylor Kessler","full_name":"Faulkner, Taylor Kessler","last_name":"Faulkner"},{"full_name":"Biyik, Erdem","last_name":"Biyik","first_name":"Erdem"},{"first_name":"Serena","last_name":"Booth","full_name":"Booth, Serena"},{"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Chetouani","full_name":"Chetouani, Mohamed"},{"full_name":"Grollman, Daniel H.","last_name":"Grollman","first_name":"Daniel H."},{"full_name":"Saran, Akanksha","last_name":"Saran","first_name":"Akanksha"},{"last_name":"Senft","full_name":"Senft, Emmanuel","first_name":"Emmanuel"},{"first_name":"Silvia","full_name":"Tulli, Silvia","last_name":"Tulli"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Andriella","full_name":"Andriella, Antonio"},{"full_name":"Beierling, Helen","last_name":"Beierling","first_name":"Helen"},{"full_name":"Horter, Tiffany","last_name":"Horter","first_name":"Tiffany"},{"first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Kober, Jens","last_name":"Kober"},{"last_name":"Sheidlower","full_name":"Sheidlower, Isaac","first_name":"Isaac"},{"first_name":"Matthew E.","full_name":"Taylor, Matthew E.","last_name":"Taylor"},{"first_name":"Sanne","last_name":"van Waveren","full_name":"van Waveren, Sanne"},{"first_name":"Xuesu","last_name":"Xiao","full_name":"Xiao, Xuesu"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:40:16Z","title":"Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations","publication_status":"submitted","citation":{"ama":"Baraka K, Idrees I, Faulkner TK, et al. Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations. <i>Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction</i>.","chicago":"Baraka, Kim , Ifrah Idrees, Taylor Kessler Faulkner, Erdem Biyik, Serena Booth, Mohamed Chetouani, Daniel H. Grollman, et al. “Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations.” <i>Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, n.d.","ieee":"K. Baraka <i>et al.</i>, “Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations,” <i>Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction</i>.","apa":"Baraka, K., Idrees, I., Faulkner, T. K., Biyik, E., Booth, S., Chetouani, M., Grollman, D. H., Saran, A., Senft, E., Tulli, S., Vollmer, A.-L., Andriella, A., Beierling, H., Horter, T., Kober, J., Sheidlower, I., Taylor, M. E., van Waveren, S., &#38; Xiao, X. (n.d.). Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations. <i>Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction</i>.","short":"K. Baraka, I. Idrees, T.K. Faulkner, E. Biyik, S. Booth, M. Chetouani, D.H. Grollman, A. Saran, E. Senft, S. Tulli, A.-L. Vollmer, A. Andriella, H. Beierling, T. Horter, J. Kober, I. Sheidlower, M.E. Taylor, S. van Waveren, X. Xiao, Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (n.d.).","bibtex":"@article{Baraka_Idrees_Faulkner_Biyik_Booth_Chetouani_Grollman_Saran_Senft_Tulli_et al., title={Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations}, journal={Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction}, author={Baraka, Kim  and Idrees, Ifrah and Faulkner, Taylor Kessler and Biyik, Erdem and Booth, Serena and Chetouani, Mohamed and Grollman, Daniel H. and Saran, Akanksha and Senft, Emmanuel and Tulli, Silvia and et al.} }","mla":"Baraka, Kim, et al. “Human-Interactive Robot Learning: Definition, Challenges, and Recommendations.” <i>Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction</i>."},"year":"2025","user_id":"50995","project":[{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5"}],"_id":"61327","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","keyword":["Robot learning","Interactive learning systems","Human-robot interaction","Human-in-the-loop machine learning","Teaching and learning"],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Robot learning from humans has been proposed and researched for several decades as a means to enable robots to learn new skills or\r\nadapt existing ones to new situations. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, including learning approaches like reinforcement\r\nlearning and architectures like transformers and foundation models, combined with access to massive datasets, has created attractive\r\nopportunities to apply those data-hungry techniques to this problem. We argue that the focus on massive amounts of pre-collected\r\ndata, and the resulting learning paradigm, where humans demonstrate and robots learn in isolation, is overshadowing a specialized\r\narea of work we term Human-Interactive-Robot-Learning (HIRL). This paradigm, wherein robots and humans interact during the\r\nlearning process, is at the intersection of multiple fields (artificial intelligence, robotics, human-computer interaction, design and others)\r\nand holds unique promise. Using HIRL, robots can achieve greater sample efficiency (as humans can provide task knowledge through\r\ninteraction), align with human preferences (as humans can guide the robot behavior towards their expectations), and explore more\r\nmeaningfully and safely (as humans can utilize domain knowledge to guide learning and prevent catastrophic failures). This can result\r\nin robotic systems that can more quickly and easily adapt to new tasks in human environments. The objective of this paper is to\r\nprovide a broad and consistent overview of HIRL research and to guide researchers toward understanding the scope of HIRL, and\r\ncurrent open or underexplored challenges related to four themes — namely, human, robot learning, interaction, and broader context.\r\nThe paper includes concrete use cases to illustrate the interaction between these challenges and inspire further research according to\r\nbroad recommendations and a call for action for the growing HIRL community"}]},{"abstract":[{"text":"Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’ on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_created":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z","creator":"hbuschme","date_updated":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z","file_id":"62730","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Buschmeier-etal-2025-COGSYS.pdf","file_size":10114981}],"publication":"Cognitive Systems Research","keyword":["understanding","explaining","explanations","explainable","AI","interdisciplinarity","comprehension","enabledness","agency"],"ddc":["006"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2025","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations","date_created":"2025-09-08T14:24:32Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","article_number":"101419","file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T21:02:20Z","_id":"61156","project":[{"_id":"111","name":"TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten","_id":"112"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Subproject A3","_id":"113"},{"_id":"114","name":"TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten"},{"name":"TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog","_id":"115"},{"_id":"122","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B3"},{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - Subproject B5"},{"name":"TRR 318 - Project Area Ö","_id":"119"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"57578","intvolume":"        94","citation":{"apa":"Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., Kern, F., Grimminger, A., Beierling, H., Fisher, J. B., Groß, A., Horwath, I., Klowait, N., Lazarov, S. T., Lenke, M., Lohmer, V., Rohlfing, K., Scharlau, I., Singh, A., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., Wang, Y., Wilmes, A., &#38; Wrede, B. (2025). Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, <i>94</i>, Article 101419. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>","bibtex":"@article{Buschmeier_Buhl_Kern_Grimminger_Beierling_Fisher_Groß_Horwath_Klowait_Lazarov_et al._2025, title={Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}, volume={94}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>}, number={101419}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, author={Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and et al.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, et al. “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 94, 101419, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>.","short":"H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, F. Kern, A. Grimminger, H. Beierling, J.B. Fisher, A. Groß, I. Horwath, N. Klowait, S.T. Lazarov, M. Lenke, V. Lohmer, K. Rohlfing, I. Scharlau, A. Singh, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, Y. Wang, A. Wilmes, B. Wrede, Cognitive Systems Research 94 (2025).","chicago":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, Heike M. Buhl, Friederike Kern, Angela Grimminger, Helen Beierling, Josephine Beryl Fisher, André Groß, et al. “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i> 94 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>.","ieee":"H. Buschmeier <i>et al.</i>, “Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations,” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 94, Art. no. 101419, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>.","ama":"Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Kern F, et al. Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>. 2025;94. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419</a>"},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041725000993?via%3Dihub","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-05T15:32:25Z","oa":"1","volume":94,"author":[{"first_name":"Hendrik","id":"76456","full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","orcid":"0000-0002-9613-5713","last_name":"Buschmeier"},{"id":"27152","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M."},{"full_name":"Kern, Friederike","last_name":"Kern","first_name":"Friederike"},{"last_name":"Grimminger","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela","id":"57578","first_name":"Angela"},{"full_name":"Beierling, Helen","id":"50995","last_name":"Beierling","first_name":"Helen"},{"first_name":"Josephine Beryl","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241","last_name":"Fisher","id":"56345","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl"},{"id":"93405","full_name":"Groß, André","last_name":"Groß","orcid":"0000-0002-9593-7220","first_name":"André"},{"last_name":"Horwath","id":"68836","full_name":"Horwath, Ilona","first_name":"Ilona"},{"id":"98454","full_name":"Klowait, Nils","last_name":"Klowait","orcid":"0000-0002-7347-099X","first_name":"Nils"},{"first_name":"Stefan Teodorov","last_name":"Lazarov","orcid":"0009-0009-0892-9483","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov","id":"90345"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Lenke, Michael","last_name":"Lenke"},{"full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer","first_name":"Vivien"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","id":"50352","first_name":"Katharina"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau"},{"first_name":"Amit","id":"91018","full_name":"Singh, Amit","last_name":"Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-7789-1521"},{"id":"37320","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth","first_name":"Lutz"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","id":"86589","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"first_name":"Yu","full_name":"Wang, Yu","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Wilmes","full_name":"Wilmes, Annedore","first_name":"Annedore"},{"last_name":"Wrede","full_name":"Wrede, Britta","first_name":"Britta"}]},{"year":"2024","date_created":"2024-07-26T08:01:23Z","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling  architecture of complex systems","publication":"Cognitive Systems Research","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:31:11Z","date_created":"2025-09-17T13:31:11Z","creator":"helebeen","file_size":1577897,"file_name":"mentaleModelle.pdf","access_level":"closed","file_id":"61330"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Nowadays we deal with robots and AI more and more in our everyday life. However, their behavior is not always apparent to most lay users, especially in error situations. This can lead to misconceptions about the behavior of the technologies being used. This in turn can lead to misuse and rejection by users. Explanation, for example through transparency, can address these misconceptions. However, explaining the entire software or hardware would be confusing and overwhelming for users. Therefore, this paper focuses on the ‘enabling’ architecture. It describes those aspects of a robotic system that may need to be explained to enable someone to use the technology effectively. Furthermore, this paper deals with the ‘explanandum’, i.e. the corresponding misunderstandings or missing concepts of the enabling architecture that need to be clarified. Thus, we have developed and are presenting an approach to determine the ‘enabling’ architecture and the resulting ‘explanandum’ of complex technologies."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Robotics HRI Explainability Didactics Didactic reconstruction"],"ddc":["006"],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        88","citation":{"short":"H. Beierling, P. Richter, M. Brandt, L. Terfloth, C. Schulte, H. Wersing, A.-L. Vollmer, Cognitive Systems Research 88 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Beierling_Richter_Brandt_Terfloth_Schulte_Wersing_Vollmer_2024, title={What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling  architecture of complex systems}, volume={88}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Beierling, Helen and Richter, Phillip and Brandt, Mara and Terfloth, Lutz and Schulte, Carsten and Wersing, Heiko and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa}, year={2024} }","mla":"Beierling, Helen, et al. “What You Need to Know about a Learning Robot: Identifying the Enabling  Architecture of Complex Systems.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 88, Elsevier, 2024.","apa":"Beierling, H., Richter, P., Brandt, M., Terfloth, L., Schulte, C., Wersing, H., &#38; Vollmer, A.-L. (2024). What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling  architecture of complex systems. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, <i>88</i>.","ama":"Beierling H, Richter P, Brandt M, et al. What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling  architecture of complex systems. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>. 2024;88.","chicago":"Beierling, Helen, Phillip Richter, Mara Brandt, Lutz Terfloth, Carsten Schulte, Heiko Wersing, and Anna-Lisa Vollmer. “What You Need to Know about a Learning Robot: Identifying the Enabling  Architecture of Complex Systems.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i> 88 (2024).","ieee":"H. Beierling <i>et al.</i>, “What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling  architecture of complex systems,” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, vol. 88, 2024."},"volume":88,"author":[{"first_name":"Helen","full_name":"Beierling, Helen","last_name":"Beierling"},{"first_name":"Phillip","full_name":"Richter, Phillip","last_name":"Richter"},{"last_name":"Brandt","full_name":"Brandt, Mara","first_name":"Mara"},{"first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth"},{"full_name":"Schulte, Carsten","last_name":"Schulte","first_name":"Carsten"},{"full_name":"Wersing, Heiko","last_name":"Wersing","first_name":"Heiko"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:32:31Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"50995","_id":"55394","project":[{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5"}],"funded_apc":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-09-17T13:31:11Z","article_type":"original"},{"file_date_updated":"2024-07-26T08:23:27Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","ddc":["004"],"user_id":"50995","project":[{"_id":"123","name":"TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5"}],"_id":"55398","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-07-26T08:23:27Z","date_created":"2024-07-26T08:23:27Z","creator":"helebeen","file_size":256974,"access_level":"closed","file_name":"beierling_advancing.pdf","file_id":"55399"}],"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This position paper calls for an increase in the\r\nnumber and flexibility of input mechanisms in user-robot in-\r\nteractions, highlighting their potential to enhance learning algo-\r\nrithms through user feedback. Moreover, we argue that refining\r\ninterfaces, interactions, and systems is crucial for the optimal\r\nintegration of mechanisms into learning processes. Our call\r\nto research involves the development of interfaces that enable\r\nflexible mechanisms, and the mechanisms interactions can benefit\r\nmost from, and the algorithmic incorporation of user input. This\r\naims to advance the adaptability and responsiveness of robotic\r\nsystems in human-centric environments"}],"type":"misc","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"title":"Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms","author":[{"full_name":"Beierling, Helen","last_name":"Beierling","first_name":"Helen"},{"full_name":"Loos, Kira","last_name":"Loos","first_name":"Kira"},{"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Helmert","full_name":"Helmert, Robin"},{"full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"}],"date_created":"2024-07-26T08:20:08Z","oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-17T12:18:27Z","publisher":"Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS","citation":{"ama":"Beierling H, Loos K, Helmert R, Vollmer A-L. <i>Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms</i>. Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS; 2024.","chicago":"Beierling, Helen, Kira Loos, Robin Helmert, and Anna-Lisa Vollmer. <i>Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms</i>. Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS, 2024.","ieee":"H. Beierling, K. Loos, R. Helmert, and A.-L. Vollmer, <i>Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms</i>. Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS, 2024.","apa":"Beierling, H., Loos, K., Helmert, R., &#38; Vollmer, A.-L. (2024). <i>Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms</i>. Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS.","bibtex":"@book{Beierling_Loos_Helmert_Vollmer_2024, title={Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms}, publisher={Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS}, author={Beierling, Helen and Loos, Kira and Helmert, Robin and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa}, year={2024} }","short":"H. Beierling, K. Loos, R. Helmert, A.-L. Vollmer, Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms, Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS, 2024.","mla":"Beierling, Helen, et al. <i>Advancing Human-Robot Collaboration: The Impact of Flexible Input Mechanisms</i>. Proc. Mech. Mapping Hum. Input Robots Robot Learn. Shared Control/Autonomy-Workshop RSS, 2024."},"year":"2024","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"660"}],"user_id":"54779","_id":"51370","project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5","_id":"123"}],"status":"public","publication":"Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","type":"conference","doi":"10.1145/3568294.3580181","conference":{"end_date":"2023-3-16","location":"Stockholm ","name":"HRI '23: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","start_date":"2023-3-13"},"title":"Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations","author":[{"first_name":"Leonie","last_name":"Dyck","full_name":"Dyck, Leonie"},{"last_name":"Beierling","full_name":"Beierling, Helen","first_name":"Helen"},{"full_name":"Helmert, Robin","last_name":"Helmert","first_name":"Robin"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"}],"date_created":"2024-02-18T10:30:36Z","publisher":"ACM","date_updated":"2024-02-26T08:45:06Z","page":"720-724","citation":{"ieee":"L. Dyck, H. Beierling, R. Helmert, and A.-L. Vollmer, “Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations,” in <i>Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, Stockholm , 2023, pp. 720–724, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>.","chicago":"Dyck, Leonie, Helen Beierling, Robin Helmert, and Anna-Lisa Vollmer. “Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations.” In <i>Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, 720–24. ACM, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>.","ama":"Dyck L, Beierling H, Helmert R, Vollmer A-L. Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations. In: <i>Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>. ACM; 2023:720-724. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>","mla":"Dyck, Leonie, et al. “Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations.” <i>Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, ACM, 2023, pp. 720–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>.","short":"L. Dyck, H. Beierling, R. Helmert, A.-L. Vollmer, in: Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM, 2023, pp. 720–724.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Dyck_Beierling_Helmert_Vollmer_2023, title={Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>}, booktitle={Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction}, publisher={ACM}, author={Dyck, Leonie and Beierling, Helen and Helmert, Robin and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa}, year={2023}, pages={720–724} }","apa":"Dyck, L., Beierling, H., Helmert, R., &#38; Vollmer, A.-L. (2023). Technical Transparency for Robot Navigation Through AR Visualizations. <i>Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction</i>, 720–724. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580181</a>"},"year":"2023","publication_status":"published"},{"date_updated":"2024-07-26T11:23:20Z","date_created":"2024-07-26T08:06:59Z","author":[{"last_name":"Buschmeier","full_name":"Buschmeier, Hendrik","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"first_name":"Heike M.","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl"},{"full_name":"Kern, Friederike","last_name":"Kern","first_name":"Friederike"},{"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Grimminger","full_name":"Grimminger, Angela"},{"last_name":"Beierling","full_name":"Beierling, Helen","first_name":"Helen"},{"full_name":"Fisher, Josephine","last_name":"Fisher","first_name":"Josephine"},{"last_name":"Groß","full_name":"Groß, André","first_name":"André"},{"first_name":"Ilona","full_name":"Horwath, Ilona","last_name":"Horwath"},{"first_name":"Nils","full_name":"Klowait, Nils","last_name":"Klowait"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Lazarov","full_name":"Lazarov, Stefan"},{"full_name":"Lenke, Michael","last_name":"Lenke","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Lohmer, Vivien","last_name":"Lohmer","first_name":"Vivien"},{"first_name":"Katharina","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Amit","full_name":"Singh, Amit","last_name":"Singh"},{"first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Terfloth, Lutz","last_name":"Terfloth"},{"first_name":"Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa"},{"full_name":"Wang, Yu","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Yu"},{"full_name":"Wilmes, Annedore","last_name":"Wilmes","first_name":"Annedore"},{"last_name":"Wrede","full_name":"Wrede, Britta","first_name":"Britta"}],"title":"Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2023","citation":{"apa":"Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., Kern, F., Grimminger, A., Beierling, H., Fisher, J., Groß, A., Horwath, I., Klowait, N., Lazarov, S., Lenke, M., Lohmer, V., Rohlfing, K., Scharlau, I., Singh, A., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., Wang, Y., Wilmes, A., &#38; Wrede, B. (2023). Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations. In <i>arXiv:2311.08760</i>.","mla":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, et al. “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations.” <i>ArXiv:2311.08760</i>, 2023.","short":"H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, F. Kern, A. Grimminger, H. Beierling, J. Fisher, A. Groß, I. Horwath, N. Klowait, S. Lazarov, M. Lenke, V. Lohmer, K. Rohlfing, I. Scharlau, A. Singh, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, Y. Wang, A. Wilmes, B. Wrede, ArXiv:2311.08760 (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Buschmeier_Buhl_Kern_Grimminger_Beierling_Fisher_Groß_Horwath_Klowait_Lazarov_et al._2023, title={Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations}, journal={arXiv:2311.08760}, author={Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan and et al.}, year={2023} }","ieee":"H. Buschmeier <i>et al.</i>, “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations,” <i>arXiv:2311.08760</i>. 2023.","chicago":"Buschmeier, Hendrik, Heike M. Buhl, Friederike Kern, Angela Grimminger, Helen Beierling, Josephine Fisher, André Groß, et al. “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations.” <i>ArXiv:2311.08760</i>, 2023.","ama":"Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Kern F, et al. Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations. <i>arXiv:231108760</i>. Published online 2023."},"_id":"55396","external_id":{"arxiv":["2311.08760"]},"project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5","_id":"123"}],"user_id":"50995","ddc":["006"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2024-07-26T08:18:20Z","publication":"arXiv:2311.08760","type":"preprint","abstract":[{"text":"Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and\r\nartificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial\r\nIntelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve\r\n(better) 'understanding' on the part of the explainee. However, what it means\r\nto 'understand' is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely\r\nthe subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to\r\npresent a model of forms of understanding in the context of XAI and beyond.\r\nFrom an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science,\r\nlinguistics, sociology, and psychology, a definition of understanding and its\r\nforms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday\r\nexplanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as\r\npossible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, 'knowing how' to do or\r\ndecide something, and comprehension, 'knowing that' -- both in different\r\ndegrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow\r\nunderstanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and\r\nenabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users\r\nto gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness\r\nare highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization,\r\nspecial challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","file":[{"date_created":"2024-07-26T08:18:20Z","creator":"helebeen","date_updated":"2024-07-26T08:18:20Z","access_level":"closed","file_name":"2311.08760v1.pdf","file_id":"55397","file_size":382457,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1}]}]