---
_id: '63611'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: When humans interact with artificial intelligence (AI), one desideratum is
appropriate trust. Typically, appropriate trust encompasses that humans trust
AI except for instances in which they either explicitly notice AI errors or are
suspicious that errors could be present. So far, appropriate trust or related
notions have mainly been investigated by assessing trust and reliance. In this
contribution, we argue that these assessments are insufficient to measure the
complex aim of appropriate trust and the related notion of healthy distrust. We
introduce and test the perspective of covert visual attention as an additional
indicator for appropriate trust and draw conceptual connections to the notion
of healthy distrust. To test the validity of our conceptualization, we formalize
visual attention using the Theory of Visual Attention and measure its properties
that are potentially relevant to appropriate trust and healthy distrust in an
image classification task. Based on temporal-order judgment performance, we estimate
participants' attentional capacity and attentional weight toward correct and incorrect
mock-up AI classifications. We observe that misclassifications reduce attentional
capacity compared to correct classifications. However, our results do not indicate
that this reduction is beneficial for a subsequent judgment of the classifications.
The attentional weighting is not affected by the classifications' correctness
but by the difficulty of categorizing the stimuli themselves. We discuss these
results, their implications, and the limited potential for using visual attention
as an indicator of appropriate trust and healthy distrust.
article_number: '1694367'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tobias Martin
full_name: Peters, Tobias Martin
id: '92810'
last_name: Peters
orcid: 0009-0008-5193-6243
- first_name: Kai
full_name: Biermeier, Kai
id: '55908'
last_name: Biermeier
orcid: 0000-0002-2879-2359
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
ama: 'Peters TM, Biermeier K, Scharlau I. Assessing healthy distrust in human-AI
interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention. Frontiers in Psychology.
2026;16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367'
apa: 'Peters, T. M., Biermeier, K., & Scharlau, I. (2026). Assessing healthy
distrust in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention. Frontiers
in Psychology, 16, Article 1694367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367'
bibtex: '@article{Peters_Biermeier_Scharlau_2026, title={Assessing healthy distrust
in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention}, volume={16},
DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367},
number={1694367}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media
SA}, author={Peters, Tobias Martin and Biermeier, Kai and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2026}
}'
chicago: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, Kai Biermeier, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Assessing
Healthy Distrust in Human-AI Interaction: Interpreting Changes in Visual Attention.”
Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2026). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
ieee: 'T. M. Peters, K. Biermeier, and I. Scharlau, “Assessing healthy distrust
in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention,” Frontiers
in Psychology, vol. 16, Art. no. 1694367, 2026, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
mla: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, et al. “Assessing Healthy Distrust in Human-AI Interaction:
Interpreting Changes in Visual Attention.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol.
16, 1694367, Frontiers Media SA, 2026, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
short: T.M. Peters, K. Biermeier, I. Scharlau, Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2026).
date_created: 2026-01-14T14:21:59Z
date_updated: 2026-01-14T14:29:03Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367
intvolume: ' 16'
keyword:
- appropriate trust
- healthy distrust
- visual attention
- Theory of Visual Attention
- human-AI interaction
- Bayesian cognitive model
- image classification
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: 'Assessing healthy distrust in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in
visual attention'
type: journal_article
user_id: '92810'
volume: 16
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65544'
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Knauff, Markus
last_name: Knauff
- first_name: Martin V.
full_name: Butz, Martin V.
last_name: Butz
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Kaup, Barbara
last_name: Kaup
- first_name: Wilfried
full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
last_name: Kunde
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
ama: Knauff M, Butz MV, Kaup B, Kunde W, Scharlau I. When prediction replaces explanation:
A threat to psychological science . psyarxiv. Published online 2026.
apa: Knauff, M., Butz, M. V., Kaup, B., Kunde, W., & Scharlau, I. (2026). When
prediction replaces explanation: A threat to psychological science . In psyarxiv.
OSF.
bibtex: '@article{Knauff_Butz_Kaup_Kunde_Scharlau_2026, title={When prediction replaces
explanation: A threat to psychological science }, journal={psyarxiv}, publisher={OSF},
author={Knauff, Markus and Butz, Martin V. and Kaup, Barbara and Kunde, Wilfried
and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2026} }'
chicago: Knauff, Markus, Martin V. Butz, Barbara Kaup, Wilfried Kunde, and Ingrid
Scharlau. “When Prediction Replaces Explanation: A Threat to Psychological Science
.” Psyarxiv. OSF, 2026.
ieee: M. Knauff, M. V. Butz, B. Kaup, W. Kunde, and I. Scharlau, “When prediction
replaces explanation: A threat to psychological science ,” psyarxiv. OSF,
2026.
mla: Knauff, Markus, et al. “When Prediction Replaces Explanation: A Threat to
Psychological Science .” Psyarxiv, OSF, 2026.
short: M. Knauff, M.V. Butz, B. Kaup, W. Kunde, I. Scharlau, Psyarxiv (2026).
date_created: 2026-05-01T08:10:05Z
date_updated: 2026-05-01T08:10:11Z
department:
- _id: '424'
keyword:
- explainability
- explanation
- prediction
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/v2pht_v1
oa: '1'
page: '18'
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
- _id: '109'
name: 'TRR 318: Erklärbarkeit konstruieren'
- _id: '127'
name: 'TRR 318; TP C04: Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens'
publication: psyarxiv
publisher: OSF
status: public
title: 'When prediction replaces explanation: A threat to psychological science '
type: preprint
user_id: '451'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '59756'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "A current concern in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to ensure
the trustworthiness of AI systems. The development of explainability methods is
one prominent way to address this, which has often resulted in the assumption
that the use of explainability will lead to an increase in the trust of users
and wider society. However, the dynamics between explainability and trust are
not well established and empirical investigations of their relation remain mixed
or inconclusive.\r\nIn this paper we provide a detailed description of the concepts
of user trust and distrust in AI and their relation to appropriate reliance. For
that we draw from the fields of machine learning, human–computer interaction,
and the social sciences. Based on these insights, we have created a focused study
of empirical literature of existing empirical studies that investigate the effects
of AI systems and XAI methods on user (dis)trust, in order to substantiate our
conceptualization of trust, distrust, and reliance. With respect to our conceptual
understanding we identify gaps in existing empirical work. With clarifying the
concepts and summarizing the empirical studies, we aim to provide researchers,
who examine user trust in AI, with an improved starting point for developing user
studies to measure and evaluate the user’s attitude towards and reliance on AI
systems."
article_number: '101357'
author:
- first_name: Roel
full_name: Visser, Roel
last_name: Visser
- first_name: Tobias Martin
full_name: Peters, Tobias Martin
id: '92810'
last_name: Peters
orcid: 0009-0008-5193-6243
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
citation:
ama: 'Visser R, Peters TM, Scharlau I, Hammer B. Trust, distrust, and appropriate
reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its
empirical evaluation. Cognitive Systems Research. Published online 2025.
doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357'
apa: 'Visser, R., Peters, T. M., Scharlau, I., & Hammer, B. (2025). Trust, distrust,
and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and
survey of its empirical evaluation. Cognitive Systems Research, Article
101357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357'
bibtex: '@article{Visser_Peters_Scharlau_Hammer_2025, title={Trust, distrust, and
appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey
of its empirical evaluation}, DOI={10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357},
number={101357}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV},
author={Visser, Roel and Peters, Tobias Martin and Scharlau, Ingrid and Hammer,
Barbara}, year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Visser, Roel, Tobias Martin Peters, Ingrid Scharlau, and Barbara Hammer.
“Trust, Distrust, and Appropriate Reliance in (X)AI: A Conceptual Clarification
of User Trust and Survey of Its Empirical Evaluation.” Cognitive Systems Research,
2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357.'
ieee: 'R. Visser, T. M. Peters, I. Scharlau, and B. Hammer, “Trust, distrust, and
appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey
of its empirical evaluation,” Cognitive Systems Research, Art. no. 101357,
2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357.'
mla: 'Visser, Roel, et al. “Trust, Distrust, and Appropriate Reliance in (X)AI:
A Conceptual Clarification of User Trust and Survey of Its Empirical Evaluation.”
Cognitive Systems Research, 101357, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357.'
short: R. Visser, T.M. Peters, I. Scharlau, B. Hammer, Cognitive Systems Research
(2025).
date_created: 2025-05-02T09:26:15Z
date_updated: 2025-05-15T11:16:27Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357
keyword:
- XAI
- Appropriate trust
- Distrust
- Reliance
- Human-centric evaluation
- Trustworthy AI
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1 - Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Cognitive Systems Research
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1389-0417
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification
of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '92810'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '59755'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Due to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk domains
like law or medicine,\r\ntrustworthy AI and trust in AI are of increasing scientific
and public relevance. A typical conception,\r\nfor example in the context of medical
diagnosis, is that a knowledgeable user receives AIgenerated\r\nclassification
as advice. Research to improve such interactions often aims to foster the\r\nuser’s
trust, which in turn should improve the combined human-AI performance. Given that
AI\r\nmodels can err, we argue that the possibility to critically review, thus
to distrust, an AI decision is\r\nan equally interesting target of research.\r\nWe
created two image classification scenarios in which the participants received
mock-up\r\nAI advice. The quality of the advice decreases for a phase of the experiment.
We studied the\r\ntask performance, trust and distrust of the participants, and
tested whether an instruction to\r\nremain skeptical and review each piece of
advice led to a better performance compared to a\r\nneutral condition. Our results
indicate that this instruction does not improve but rather worsens\r\nthe participants’
performance. Repeated single-item self-report of trust and distrust shows an\r\nincrease
in trust and a decrease in distrust after the drop in the AI’s classification
quality, with no\r\ndifference between the two instructions. Furthermore, via
a Bayesian Signal Detection Theory\r\nanalysis, we provide a procedure to assess
appropriate reliance in detail, by quantifying whether\r\nthe problems of under-
and over-reliance have been mitigated. We discuss implications of our\r\nresults
for the usage of disclaimers before interacting with AI, as prominently used in
current\r\nLLM-based chatbots, and for trust and distrust research."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tobias Martin
full_name: Peters, Tobias Martin
id: '92810'
last_name: Peters
orcid: 0009-0008-5193-6243
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
ama: 'Peters TM, Scharlau I. Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when
receiving AI misclassifications? Frontiers in Psychology. 2025;16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809'
apa: 'Peters, T. M., & Scharlau, I. (2025). Interacting with fallible AI: Is
distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications? Frontiers in Psychology,
16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809'
bibtex: '@article{Peters_Scharlau_2025, title={Interacting with fallible AI: Is
distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?}, volume={16}, DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809},
journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, author={Peters, Tobias Martin and Scharlau,
Ingrid}, year={2025} }'
chicago: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Interacting with Fallible
AI: Is Distrust Helpful When Receiving AI Misclassifications?” Frontiers in
Psychology 16 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809.'
ieee: 'T. M. Peters and I. Scharlau, “Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust
helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?,” Frontiers in Psychology,
vol. 16, 2025, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809.'
mla: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Interacting with Fallible AI:
Is Distrust Helpful When Receiving AI Misclassifications?” Frontiers in Psychology,
vol. 16, 2025, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809.'
short: T.M. Peters, I. Scharlau, Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2025).
date_created: 2025-05-02T09:22:39Z
date_updated: 2025-05-27T09:10:09Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809
intvolume: ' 16'
keyword:
- trust in AI
- trust
- distrust
- human-AI interaction
- Signal Detection Theory
- Bayesian parameter estimation
- image classification
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1 - Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?'
type: journal_article
user_id: '92810'
volume: 16
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61232'
author:
- first_name: Roel
full_name: Visser, Roel
last_name: Visser
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Fumagalli, Fabian
last_name: Fumagalli
- first_name: Eyke
full_name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
last_name: Hüllermeier
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
citation:
ama: 'Visser R, Fumagalli F, Hüllermeier E, Hammer B. Explaining Outliers using
Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions. In: Proceedings of the European
Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN). ; 2025.'
apa: Visser, R., Fumagalli, F., Hüllermeier, E., & Hammer, B. (2025). Explaining
Outliers using Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions. Proceedings of the
European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN).
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Visser_Fumagalli_Hüllermeier_Hammer_2025, title={Explaining
Outliers using Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions}, booktitle={Proceedings
of the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN)}, author={Visser,
Roel and Fumagalli, Fabian and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Hammer, Barbara}, year={2025}
}'
chicago: Visser, Roel, Fabian Fumagalli, Eyke Hüllermeier, and Barbara Hammer. “Explaining
Outliers Using Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions.” In Proceedings of
the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN), 2025.
ieee: R. Visser, F. Fumagalli, E. Hüllermeier, and B. Hammer, “Explaining Outliers
using Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions,” 2025.
mla: Visser, Roel, et al. “Explaining Outliers Using Isolation Forest and Shapley
Interactions.” Proceedings of the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
(ESANN), 2025.
short: 'R. Visser, F. Fumagalli, E. Hüllermeier, B. Hammer, in: Proceedings of the
European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN), 2025.'
date_created: 2025-09-11T15:53:02Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T15:56:22Z
department:
- _id: '660'
keyword:
- FF
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '117'
name: TRR 318 - Project Area C
- _id: '126'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject C3
- _id: '109'
name: 'TRR 318: Erklärbarkeit konstruieren'
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Proceedings of the European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN)
status: public
title: Explaining Outliers using Isolation Forest and Shapley Interactions
type: conference
user_id: '93420'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '59917'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: nder the slogan of trustworthy AI, much of contemporary AI research is focused
on designing AI systems and usage practices that inspire human trust and, thus,
enhance adoption of AI systems. However, a person affected by an AI system may
not be convinced by AI system design alone---neither should they, if the AI system
is embedded in a social context that gives good reason to believe that it is used
in tension with a person’s interest. In such cases, distrust in the system may
be justified and necessary to build meaningful trust in the first place. We propose
the term \emph{healthy distrust} to describe such a justified, careful stance
towards certain AI usage practices. We investigate prior notions of trust and
distrust in computer science, sociology, history, psychology, and philosophy,
outline a remaining gap that healthy distrust might fill and conceptualize healthy
distrust as a crucial part for AI usage that respects human autonomy.
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Paaßen, Benjamin
last_name: Paaßen
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
id: '93637'
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Matzner, Tobias
id: '65695'
last_name: Matzner
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
ama: Paaßen B, Alpsancar S, Matzner T, Scharlau I. Healthy Distrust in AI systems.
arXiv. Published online 2025.
apa: Paaßen, B., Alpsancar, S., Matzner, T., & Scharlau, I. (2025). Healthy
Distrust in AI systems. In arXiv.
bibtex: '@article{Paaßen_Alpsancar_Matzner_Scharlau_2025, title={Healthy Distrust
in AI systems}, journal={arXiv}, author={Paaßen, Benjamin and Alpsancar, Suzana
and Matzner, Tobias and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Paaßen, Benjamin, Suzana Alpsancar, Tobias Matzner, and Ingrid Scharlau.
“Healthy Distrust in AI Systems.” ArXiv, 2025.
ieee: B. Paaßen, S. Alpsancar, T. Matzner, and I. Scharlau, “Healthy Distrust in
AI systems,” arXiv. 2025.
mla: Paaßen, Benjamin, et al. “Healthy Distrust in AI Systems.” ArXiv, 2025.
short: B. Paaßen, S. Alpsancar, T. Matzner, I. Scharlau, ArXiv (2025).
date_created: 2025-05-16T09:39:13Z
date_updated: 2025-11-18T09:38:01Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '26'
- _id: '756'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09747
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '122'
name: 'TRR 318 - B3: TRR 318 - Subproject B3'
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1 - Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
- _id: '370'
name: 'TRR 318 - B06: TRR 318 - Teilprojekt B6 - Ethik und Normativität der erklärbaren
KI'
publication: arXiv
status: public
title: Healthy Distrust in AI systems
type: preprint
user_id: '93637'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '48595'
author:
- first_name: Tobias Martin
full_name: Peters, Tobias Martin
id: '92810'
last_name: Peters
orcid: 0009-0008-5193-6243
- first_name: Roel W.
full_name: Visser, Roel W.
last_name: Visser
citation:
ama: 'Peters TM, Visser RW. The Importance of Distrust in AI. In: Communications
in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2023. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15'
apa: Peters, T. M., & Visser, R. W. (2023). The Importance of Distrust in AI.
Communications in Computer and Information Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Peters_Visser_2023, place={Cham}, title={The Importance
of Distrust in AI}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15},
booktitle={Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher={Springer
Nature Switzerland}, author={Peters, Tobias Martin and Visser, Roel W.}, year={2023}
}'
chicago: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, and Roel W. Visser. “The Importance of Distrust
in AI.” In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Cham: Springer
Nature Switzerland, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15.'
ieee: 'T. M. Peters and R. W. Visser, “The Importance of Distrust in AI,” 2023,
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15.'
mla: Peters, Tobias Martin, and Roel W. Visser. “The Importance of Distrust in AI.”
Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Nature Switzerland,
2023, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15.
short: 'T.M. Peters, R.W. Visser, in: Communications in Computer and Information
Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.'
date_created: 2023-11-02T10:04:19Z
date_updated: 2023-11-24T11:59:49Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_15
language:
- iso: eng
place: Cham
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1'
publication: Communications in Computer and Information Science
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9783031440694'
- '9783031440700'
issn:
- 1865-0929
- 1865-0937
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
status: public
title: The Importance of Distrust in AI
type: conference
user_id: '92810'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '61301'
article_number: '126722'
author:
- first_name: André
full_name: Artelt, André
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Roelof
full_name: Visser, Roelof
id: '93919'
last_name: Visser
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
citation:
ama: Artelt A, Visser R, Hammer B. “I do not know! but why?” — Local model-agnostic
example-based explanations of reject. Neurocomputing. 2023;558. doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722
apa: Artelt, A., Visser, R., & Hammer, B. (2023). “I do not know! but why?”
— Local model-agnostic example-based explanations of reject. Neurocomputing,
558, Article 126722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722
bibtex: '@article{Artelt_Visser_Hammer_2023, title={“I do not know! but why?” —
Local model-agnostic example-based explanations of reject}, volume={558}, DOI={10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722},
number={126722}, journal={Neurocomputing}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Artelt,
André and Visser, Roelof and Hammer, Barbara}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Artelt, André, Roelof Visser, and Barbara Hammer. “‘I Do Not Know! But
Why?’ — Local Model-Agnostic Example-Based Explanations of Reject.” Neurocomputing
558 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722.
ieee: 'A. Artelt, R. Visser, and B. Hammer, “‘I do not know! but why?’ — Local model-agnostic
example-based explanations of reject,” Neurocomputing, vol. 558, Art. no.
126722, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722.'
mla: Artelt, André, et al. “‘I Do Not Know! But Why?’ — Local Model-Agnostic Example-Based
Explanations of Reject.” Neurocomputing, vol. 558, 126722, Elsevier BV,
2023, doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722.
short: A. Artelt, R. Visser, B. Hammer, Neurocomputing 558 (2023).
date_created: 2025-09-16T09:48:54Z
date_updated: 2025-09-17T11:49:31Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126722
intvolume: ' 558'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Neurocomputing
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0925-2312
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: “I do not know! but why?” — Local model-agnostic example-based explanations
of reject
type: journal_article
user_id: '55908'
volume: 558
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '61303'
author:
- first_name: André
full_name: Artelt, André
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Johannes
full_name: Brinkrolf, Johannes
last_name: Brinkrolf
- first_name: Roel
full_name: Visser, Roel
last_name: Visser
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
citation:
ama: 'Artelt A, Brinkrolf J, Visser R, Hammer B. Explaining Reject Options of Learning
Vector Quantization Classifiers. In: Proceedings of the 14th International
Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology
Publications; 2022. doi:10.5220/0011389600003332'
apa: Artelt, A., Brinkrolf, J., Visser, R., & Hammer, B. (2022). Explaining
Reject Options of Learning Vector Quantization Classifiers. Proceedings of
the 14th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.5220/0011389600003332
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Artelt_Brinkrolf_Visser_Hammer_2022, title={Explaining Reject
Options of Learning Vector Quantization Classifiers}, DOI={10.5220/0011389600003332},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computational
Intelligence}, publisher={SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, author={Artelt,
André and Brinkrolf, Johannes and Visser, Roel and Hammer, Barbara}, year={2022}
}'
chicago: Artelt, André, Johannes Brinkrolf, Roel Visser, and Barbara Hammer. “Explaining
Reject Options of Learning Vector Quantization Classifiers.” In Proceedings
of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence.
SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5220/0011389600003332.
ieee: 'A. Artelt, J. Brinkrolf, R. Visser, and B. Hammer, “Explaining Reject Options
of Learning Vector Quantization Classifiers,” 2022, doi: 10.5220/0011389600003332.'
mla: Artelt, André, et al. “Explaining Reject Options of Learning Vector Quantization
Classifiers.” Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computational
Intelligence, SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022, doi:10.5220/0011389600003332.
short: 'A. Artelt, J. Brinkrolf, R. Visser, B. Hammer, in: Proceedings of the 14th
International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence, SCITEPRESS - Science
and Technology Publications, 2022.'
date_created: 2025-09-16T09:50:55Z
date_updated: 2025-09-16T09:58:01Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.5220/0011389600003332
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computational
Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
status: public
title: Explaining Reject Options of Learning Vector Quantization Classifiers
type: conference
user_id: '93919'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '61302'
author:
- first_name: André
full_name: Artelt, André
last_name: Artelt
- first_name: Roel
full_name: Visser, Roel
last_name: Visser
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
citation:
ama: 'Artelt A, Visser R, Hammer B. Model Agnostic Local Explanations of Reject.
In: ESANN 2022 Proceedings. Ciaco - i6doc.com; 2022. doi:10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34'
apa: Artelt, A., Visser, R., & Hammer, B. (2022). Model Agnostic Local Explanations
of Reject. ESANN 2022 Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Artelt_Visser_Hammer_2022, title={Model Agnostic Local Explanations
of Reject}, DOI={10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34},
booktitle={ESANN 2022 proceedings}, publisher={Ciaco - i6doc.com}, author={Artelt,
André and Visser, Roel and Hammer, Barbara}, year={2022} }'
chicago: Artelt, André, Roel Visser, and Barbara Hammer. “Model Agnostic Local Explanations
of Reject.” In ESANN 2022 Proceedings. Ciaco - i6doc.com, 2022. https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34.
ieee: 'A. Artelt, R. Visser, and B. Hammer, “Model Agnostic Local Explanations of
Reject,” 2022, doi: 10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34.'
mla: Artelt, André, et al. “Model Agnostic Local Explanations of Reject.” ESANN
2022 Proceedings, Ciaco - i6doc.com, 2022, doi:10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34.
short: 'A. Artelt, R. Visser, B. Hammer, in: ESANN 2022 Proceedings, Ciaco - i6doc.com,
2022.'
date_created: 2025-09-16T09:49:22Z
date_updated: 2025-09-16T09:58:29Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.14428/esann/2022.es2022-34
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: ESANN 2022 proceedings
publication_status: published
publisher: Ciaco - i6doc.com
status: public
title: Model Agnostic Local Explanations of Reject
type: conference
user_id: '93919'
year: '2022'
...