@inproceedings{61174,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Mechanical joining methods, such as clinching, are characterised by locally large plastic deformations of the sheet metal to be joined. The majority of the thereby inserted work is transformed into heat. The heat generation and temperature evolution are systematically studied herein by means of thermomechanical process simulations for joining the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN-AW 6014. The thermal-induced softening of the material is incorporated by a suitable coupled thermoplastic constitutive model. It is observed how the tools significantly and importantly contribute to the heat exchange. They reduce peak temperature increases of 225 K (without heat transfer to tools) to less than 90 K for realistic behaviour of contact heat transfer. Overall, increases in temperature during clinch joining can be expected to remain below 90 K for steel-steel joints and around 50 K for aluminium-aluminium joints.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, J. and Steinmann, P. and Mergheim, J.}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Influence of thermal effects on clinch joining of sheet metal}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903551-22}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{62725,
  abstract     = {{Aluminium-Silizium-Legierungen (AlSi) werden insbesondere bei der gießtechnischen
Herstellung von Leichtbaukomponenten für Fahrzeuge verwendet. Dieses Legierungssystem hat hervorragende
Gießeigenschaften bei gleichzeitig akzeptablen mechanischen Eigenschaften. Aufgrund des hohen
Silizium-(Si)-Gehaltes, wodurch die Volumenkontraktion im Phasenübergang von flüssig-fest nahezu
unterbunden wird, neigen AlSi-Legierungen dazu, feinere oder gröbere Si-Platten bei unterschiedlichen
Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten zu bilden. Um die mechanischen Eigenschaften zu verbessern, werden
dem Legierungssystem in der Schmelzphase entweder Natrium (Na) oder Strontium (Sr) zugesetzt. Dies
hat zur Folge, dass sich eine fein lamellare Si-Morphologie bei der Erstarrung ausbildet; dies kann ebenfalls
durch hohe Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden. Ein nachfolgendes Lösungsglühen bewirkt
eine Sphäroidisierung der Si-Partikel und dient der Steigerung der Duktilität. Aktuell fehlen fundierte
Erkenntnisse zur Ausprägung der Si-Morphologie in Abhängigkeit der Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit oder
infolge einer Wärmebehandlung. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in dieser Studie verschiedene Behandlungsparameter
in Bezug auf das Einformverhalten der Si-Partikel mit einem bildauswertenden Verfahren
evaluiert sowie unter Bezug auf verschiedene chemische Zusammensetzungen miteinander korreliert.}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Cichon, Gerrit and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  booktitle    = {{Bildauswertendes Verfahren zur Evaluierung der Mikrostruktur von AlSi-Systemen}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-454-9}},
  keywords     = {{Bildauswertendes Verfahren, Mikrostrukturanalyse, AlSi-System, Si-Morphologie}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{454 -- 459}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Bildauswertendes Verfahren zur Evaluierung der Mikrostruktur von AlSi-Systemen}}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{63020,
  abstract     = {{Zur Prüfung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von mechanisch gefügten Verbindungen wird gemäß der Normung in der Regel nur ein Fügepunkt verwendet. In diesem Beitrag wird die Prüfung von Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten in einem modifizierten Torsionsversuch beschrieben. Bei den Fügeverbindungen der Proben aus artgleichen Werkstoffen handelt es sich um zwei Varianten symmetrischer Mehrfachanordnungen von vier Clinchpunkten mit zwei unterschiedlichen Fügepunktabständen, was zu zwei verschiedenen Längen des Wirkabstands in Bezug auf die Rotationsachse im Torsionsversuch führt. Das erste Teilziel der Untersuchung ist die Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit der Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten unter Torsionsbeanspruchung. Ein zweites Teilziel ist die Analyse des Einflusses eines zusätzlichen Clinchpunkts, der als Drehgelenk in der Rotationsachse wirkt, auf das Tragverhalten und das Versagensverhalten der Fügeverbindung. Aus den erarbeiteten Resultaten werden Erkenntnisse zum Tragverhalten der Fügeverbindungen abgeleitet und eine Überschlagsrechnung vorgestellt, um Richtlinien zur konstruktiven Auslegung von Bauteilen aufzustellen.}},
  author       = {{Lüder, Stephan and Wolf, Eugen and Brosius, Alexander and Schmale, Hans Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-454-9}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchen, Mehrfachanordnung, Torsionsprüfung, Tragfähigkeit}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{478 -- 483}},
  title        = {{{Modifizierter Torsionsversuch zur Untersuchung des Tragverhaltens von Clinchpunktmehrfachanordnungen}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{57742,
  author       = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Beck, Robert and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{2223-7690}},
  journal      = {{Friction}},
  publisher    = {{Tsinghua University Press}},
  title        = {{{Development of a friction model for the numerical simulation of clinching processes}}},
  doi          = {{10.26599/frict.2025.9441052}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{58491,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Similar to bulk metal forming, clinch joining is characterised by large plastic deformations and a variety of different 3D stress states, including severe compression. However, inherent to plastic forming is the nucleation and growth of defects, whose detrimental effects on the material behaviour can be described by continuum damage models and eventually lead to material failure. As the damage evolution strongly depends on the stress state, a stress-state-dependent model is utilised to correctly track the accumulation. To formulate and parameterise this model, besides classical experiments, so-called modified punch tests are also integrated herein to enhance the calibration of the failure model by capturing a larger range of stress states and metal-forming-specific loading conditions. Moreover, when highly ductile materials are considered, such as the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN AW-6014 T4 investigated here, strong necking and localisation might occur prior to fracture. This can alter the stress state and affect the actual strain at failure. This influence is captured by coupling plasticity and damage to incorporate the damage-induced softening effect. Its relative importance is shown by conducting inverse parameter identifications to determine damage and failure parameters for both mentioned ductile metals based on up to 12 different experiments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Böhnke, Max and Schlichter, Malte and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{ductile damage, stress-state dependency, failure, parameter identification, punch test, clinching}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Material Parameter Identification for a Stress-State-Dependent Ductile Damage and Failure Model Applied to Clinch Joining}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp8040157}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{59585,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Similar to bulk metal forming, clinch joining is characterised by large plastic deformations and a variety of different 3D stress states, including severe compression. However, inherent to plastic forming is the nucleation and growth of defects, whose detrimental effects on the material behaviour can be described by continuum damage models and eventually lead to material failure. As the damage evolution strongly depends on the stress state, a stress-state-dependent model is utilised to correctly track the accumulation. To formulate and parameterise this model, besides classical experiments, so-called modified punch tests are also integrated herein to enhance the calibration of the failure model by capturing a larger range of stress states and metal-forming-specific loading conditions. Moreover, when highly ductile materials are considered, such as the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN AW-6014 T4 investigated here, strong necking and localisation might occur prior to fracture. This can alter the stress state and affect the actual strain at failure. This influence is captured by coupling plasticity and damage to incorporate the damage-induced softening effect. Its relative importance is shown by conducting inverse parameter identifications to determine damage and failure parameters for both mentioned ductile metals based on up to 12 different experiments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Böhnke, Max and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Material Parameter Identification for a Stress-State-Dependent Ductile Damage and Failure Model Applied to Clinch Joining}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp8040157}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62073,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> A numerical modelling strategy for the direct pin pressing process of metallic pins into continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic organosheets is developed. The joining process is performed above the thermoplast’s melting temperature, altering the initial material structure of the composite by fibre rearrangement, which in turn influences the load-bearing capacity of the joint. Therefore, the modelling strategy aims at predicting the resultant material structure after pin pressing. The modelling approach considers both the textile architecture and the process parameters (temperature, tool velocity). A sub-meso modelling framework for the fibres based on a multi-filament approach is used. The interaction between fibres and the thermoplastic melt, as well as the matrix flow, is modelled using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method. This allows for the prediction of matrix-rich zones and fibre rearrangement around the pin. The promising results show a good agreement of the resultant material structure in terms of compaction and fibre volume content around the pressed pin. Characteristic parameters show an underestimation of the laminate thickness below the pin. Moreover, an evaluation method for evaluating the orientation changes of the virtual multi-filaments is developed and presented to observe and assess fibre rearrangement and fibre volume content in detail during the numerical process simulation. It can be seen that only fibres around the pin are displaced and not in the whole molten area. Furthermore, it can be observed in detail that the initial position of the fibres in relation to the pin determines whether the fibres are displaced in the in-plane or out-of-plane direction. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gröger, B. and Gerritzen, Johannes and Hornig, A. and Gude, M.}},
  issn         = {{1464-4207}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{2286--2298}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{Developing a numerical modelling strategy for metallic pin pressing processes in fibre reinforced thermoplastics to investigate fibre rearrangement mechanisms during joining}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/14644207241280035}},
  volume       = {{238}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{62078,
  abstract     = {{Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) exhibit strongly non-linear deformation behavior. To capture this in simulations, intricate models with a variety of parameters are typically used. The identification of values for such parameters is highly challenging and requires in depth understanding of the model itself. Machine learning (ML) is a promising approach for alleviating this challenge by directly predicting parameters based on experimental results. So far, this works mostly for purely artificial data. In this work, two approaches to generalize to experimental data are investigated: a sequential approach, leveraging understanding of the constitutive model and a direct, purely data driven approach. This is exemplary carried out for a highly non-linear strain rate dependent constitutive model for the shear behavior of FRP.The sequential model is found to work better on both artificial and experimental data. It is capable of extracting well suited parameters from the artificial data under realistic conditions. For the experimental data, the model performance depends on the composition of the experimental curves, varying between excellently suiting and reasonable predictions. Taking the expert knowledge into account for ML-model training led to far better results than the purely data driven approach. Robustifying the model predictions on experimental data promises further improvement. }},
  author       = {{Gerritzen, Johannes and Hornig, Andreas and Winkler, Peter and Gude, Maik}},
  booktitle    = {{ECCM21 - Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials}},
  isbn         = {{978-2-912985-01-9}},
  keywords     = {{Direct parameter identification, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks, Strain rate dependency, Fiber reinforced plastics, woven composites, segmentation, synthetic training data, x-ray computed tomography}},
  pages        = {{1252–1259}},
  publisher    = {{European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM)}},
  title        = {{{Direct parameter identification for highly nonlinear strain rate dependent constitutive models using machine learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.60691/yj56-np80}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62076,
  author       = {{Gerritzen, Johannes and Hornig, Andreas and Winkler, Peter and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{0927-0256}},
  journal      = {{Computational Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A methodology for direct parameter identification for experimental results using machine learning — Real world application to the highly non-linear deformation behavior of FRP}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.113274}},
  volume       = {{244}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{60645,
  abstract     = {{Die Wandlungsfähigkeit einer Prozesskette erfordert Fügeverbindungen mit gezielt einstellbaren mechanischen, elektrischen, thermischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Untersuchungen, inwiefern beim Clinchen zweier Bleche aus der ausscheidungshärtbaren Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-6014 bereits auf Basis der Prozessüberwachung des Kraft-Weg-Verlaufs bzw. des sich daraus ergebenden Energieeintrags auf die mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften der Fügeverbindung geschlossen werden kann. An einer ausgewählten Fügeaufgabe werden im Stufenversuch die gegenseitigen Abhängigkeiten der einzelnen Einflussgrößen sowie des Wärmebehandlungszustands aufgezeigt. Dabei wird zwischen den Bindemechanismen Formschluss und Kraftschluss unterschieden. Die Formschlusskomponente wird anhand der geometrischen Kenngrößen wie Bodendicke, Halsdicke und Hinterschnitt in Mikroskopieuntersuchungen an Schliffbildern und den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Fügeverbindung untersucht, die im Scherzug- und Kopfzugversuch bestimmt werden. Dazu erfolgt zudem die Charakterisierung der Versagensbilder. Zur Quantifizierung der Kraftschlusskomponente der Fügeverbindung werden das Losbrechmoment im Torsionsversuch und der elektrische Widerstand mittels Vier-Leiter-Methode ermittelt und korreliert.}},
  author       = {{Lüder, Stephan and Kalich, Jan and Oesterle, Hannes and Schmale, Hans Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2024: Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand, Prüftechnik – Kennwertermittlung – Schadensvermeidung}},
  editor       = {{Krupp, Ulrich and Steller, Ingo}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-941269-97-2}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchen, Aluminium, Stufensetzversuch, Bindemechanismus, Formschluss, Kraftschluss, Zugversuch, Torsionsversuch, Widerstandsmessung}},
  location     = {{Krefeld}},
  pages        = {{205--210}},
  title        = {{{Prozessüberwachte Eigenschaftseinstellung beim Clinchen der ausscheidungshärtbaren Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-6014}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{43090,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. The application of the mechanical joining process clinching allows the assembly of different sheet metal materials with a wide range of material thickness configurations, which is of interest for lightweight multi-material structures. In order to be able to predict the clinched joint properties as a function of the individual manufacturing steps, current studies focus on numerical modeling of the entire clinching process chain. It is essential to be able to take into account the influence of the joining process-induced damage on the load-bearing capacity of the joint during the loading phase. This study presents a numerical damage accumulation in the clinching process based on an implemented Hosford-Coulomb failure model using a 3D clinching process model applied on the aluminum alloy EN AW-6014 in temper T4. A correspondence of the experimentally determined failure location with the element of the highest numerically determined damage accumulation is shown. Moreover, the experimentally determined failure behavior is predicted to be in agreement in the numerical loading simulation with transferred pre-damage from the process simulation. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Friedlein, Johannes and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical analysis of failure modeling in clinching process chain simulation}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-33}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{43462,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. In the numerical simulation of mechanical joining technologies such as clinching, the material modeling of the joining parts is of major importance. This includes modeling the damage and failure behavior of the materials in accordance with varying occurring stress states. This paper presents a calibration method of three different fracture models. The calibration of the models is done by use of experimental data from a modified punch test, tensile test and bulge test in order to map the occurring stress states from clinching processes and to precisely model the resulting failure behavior. Experimental investigations were carried out for an aluminum alloy  EN AW-6014 in temper T4 and compared with the simulative results generated in LS-DYNA. The comparison of force-displacement curves and failure initiation shows that the Hosford–Coulomb model predicts the failure behavior for the material used and the tests applied with the best accuracy. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Friedlein, Johannes and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{A calibration method for failure modeling in clinching process simulations}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-34}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{43463,
  author       = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Influence of plastic orthotropy on clinching of sheet metal}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-17 }},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inbook{52614,
  author       = {{Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}},
  isbn         = {{9783031413407}},
  issn         = {{2195-4356}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature Switzerland}},
  title        = {{{Numerical Investigation of the Coupled Friction Behavior in the Clinching Process Chain}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{56097,
  abstract     = {{We contrast different gradient-enhancements for plasticity-damage material models in the logarithmic strain space and compare them to reference models based on multiplicative plasticity. The models being compared include plasticity - gradient-damage, where the gradient-enhancement is applied on the local damage variable, and gradient-plasticity - damage with a gradient-enhanced plastic hardening variable. Thereby, gradient-plasticity proved to be able to simultaneously regularise plastic and ductile (plasticity-driven) damage localisation as confirmed by numerical localisation analyses. This appears to be especially advantageous for logarithmic strain space plasticity-damage, because of the observed plastic localisation even for the case of plasticity with hardening. Even though gradient-plasticity appears to be numerically more demanding, two numerical examples indicate a good robustness and mesh objectivity in the softening regime. Moreover, the internal length for plasticity is able to adjust the damage zone width, similarly to gradient-damage, however ensuring a priori that damage takes place exclusively inside the plastic zone.}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
  issn         = {{0997-7538}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids}},
  keywords     = {{Finite plasticity, Logarithmic strain space, Ductile damage, Gradient-enhancement, Gradient-plasticity, Gradient-damage, Loss of ellipticity}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Efficient gradient enhancements for plasticity with ductile damage in the logarithmic strain space}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.104946}},
  volume       = {{99}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{62082,
  author       = {{Gröger, Benjamin and Gerritzen, Johannes and Eckardt, Simon and Gelencsér, Anton and Kunze, Eckart and Hornig, Andreas and Protz, Richard and Gude, Maik}},
  location     = {{Belfast}},
  title        = {{{Modelling of Composite Manufacturing Processes Incorporating Large Fibre Deformations and Process Parameter Interactions - Example Braiding}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{60647,
  abstract     = {{Das umformtechnische Fügeverfahren Clinchen ermöglicht ein energiearmes Fügen von Blechen und dient traditionell der Übertragung mechanischer Kräfte. Neue Einsatzgebiete erfordern eine elektrische oder thermische Leitfähigkeit, sodass es notwendig ist, das Clinchen entsprechend zu qualifizieren. Es wurden Untersuchungen an Aluminiumverbindungen durchgeführt, welche mit hohen Kurzzeitströmen belastet wurden. Der Einfluss verschiedener Oberflächenvorbehandlungen wurde betrachtet. Als Charakterisierungsmethode für die Bauteile und die geclinchten Fügeverbindungen wird die Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes herangezogen. Die untersuchten Clinchverbindungen sind fähig, die im Fehlerfall auftretenden Kurzzeitströme zu übertragen. Der Oberflächenzustand übt dabei einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Clinchpunktausbildung und damit auf deren elektrische Eigenschaften aus. Durch Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes vor und nach dem Fügen sowie nach einer Bestromung mit Fehlerströmen, kann das Kontaktverhalten qualifiziert werden.}},
  author       = {{Reschke, Gregor and Kalich, Jan and Füssel, Uwe}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022: Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand, Prüftechnik – Kennwertermittlung – Schadensvermeidung}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-430-3}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchen, Bindemechanismen, elektrische Eigenschaften, Aluminium, Kurzzeitbestromung}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{374--379}},
  title        = {{{Methoden zur Charakterisierung der Bindemechanismen bei geclinchten elektrischen Kontakten}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{34207,
  abstract     = {{AlSi casting alloys combine excellent castability with high strength. Hence, this group of alloys is often used in the automotive sector. The challenge for this application is the brittle character of these alloys which leads to cracks during joint formation when mechanical joining technologies are used. A rise in ductility can be achieved by a considerable increase in the solidification rate which results in grain refinement. High solidification rates can be realized in twin–roll casting (TRC) by water-cooled rolls. Therefore, a hypoeutectic EN AC–AlSi9 (for European Norm - aluminum cast product) is manufactured by the TRC process and analyzed. Subsequently, joining investigations are performed on castings in as-cast and heat-treated condition using the self-piercing riveting process considering the joint formation and the load-bearing capacity. Due to the fine microstructure, the crack initiation can be avoided during joining, while maintaining the joining parameters, especially by specimens in heat treatment conditions. Furthermore, due to the extremely fine microstructure, the load-bearing capacity of the joint can be significantly increased in terms of the maximum load-bearing force and the energy absorbed.}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Kappe, Fabian and Ostermeier, Jakob and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Schaper, Mirko and Grydin, Olexandr}},
  issn         = {{1438-1656}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Mechanical Properties and Joinability of AlSi9 Alloy Manufactured by Twin‐Roll Casting}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adem.202200874}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inbook{34211,
  abstract     = {{Nowadays, clinching is a widely used joining technique, where sheets are joined by pure deformation to create an interlock without the need for auxiliary parts. This leads to advantages such as reduced joining time and manufacturing
costs. On the other hand, the joint strength solely relies on directed material deformation, which renders an accurate material modelling essential to reliably predict the joint forming. The formation of the joint locally involves large plastic strains and possibly complex non-proportional loading paths, as typical of many metal forming applications. Consequently, a finite plasticity formulation is utilised incorporating a Chaboche–Rousselier kinematic hardening law to capture the Bauschinger effect. Material parameters are identified from tension–compression tests on miniature spec-
imens for the dual-phase steel HCT590X. The resulting material model is implemented in LS-Dyna to study the locally diverse loading paths and give a quantitative statement on the importance of kinematic hardening for clinching. It turns out that the Bauschinger effect mainly affects the springback of the sheets and has a smaller effect on the joint forming itself.}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
  booktitle    = {{The Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Series}},
  isbn         = {{9783031062117}},
  issn         = {{2367-1181}},
  keywords     = {{Clinching, Material modelling, Kinematic hardening, Parameter identification, Bauschinger effect}},
  publisher    = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Influence of Kinematic Hardening on Clinch Joining of Dual-Phase Steel HCT590X Sheet Metal}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_31}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34213,
  abstract     = {{In this paper, a study based on experimental and numerical simulations is performed to analyze fatigue cracks in clinched joints. An experimental investigation is conducted to determine the failure modes of clinched joints under cyclic loading at different load amplitudes with single-lap shear tests. In addition, numerical FEM simulations of clinching process and subsequent shear loading are performed to support the experimental investigations by analyzing the state of stresses at the location of failure. An attempt is made to explain the location of crack initiation in the experiments using evaluation variables such as contact shear stress and maximum principal stress.}},
  author       = {{Ewenz, L. and Bielak, Christian Roman and Otroshi, Mortaza and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Zimmermann, M.}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2-3}},
  pages        = {{305--313}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical and experimental identification of fatigue crack initiation sites in clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01124-z}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}