@article{34225,
  abstract     = {{Thermoplastic composites (TPCs) are predestined for use in lightweight structures, especially for high-volume applications. In many cases, joining is a key factor for the successful application of TPCs in multi-material systems. Many joining processes for this material group are based on warm forming the joining zone. This results in a change of the local material structure characterised by modified fibre paths, as well as varying fibre contents, which significantly influences the load-bearing behaviour. During the forming process, many different phenomena occur simultaneously at different scales. In this paper, the deformation modes and flow mechanisms of TPCs during forming described in the literature are first analysed. Based on this, three different joining processes are investigated: embedding of inserts, moulding of contour joints, and hotclinching. In order to identify the phenomena occurring in each process and to describe the characteristic resulting material structure in the joining zones, micrographs as well as computed tomography (CT) analyses are performed for both individual process stages and final joining zones.}},
  author       = {{Troschitz, Juliane and Gröger, Benjamin and Würfel, Veit and Kupfer, Robert and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  number       = {{15}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Joining Processes for Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics: Phenomena and Characterisation}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15155454}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30622,
  author       = {{Gröger, B. and Würfel, V. and Hornig, A. and Gude, M.}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  title        = {{{Forming process induced material structure of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics - Experimental and numerical investigation of a bladder-assisted moulding process}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100100}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30628,
  abstract     = {{The work carried out is based on the thesis properties of clinched joints are determined by the proportions of binding mechanisms form-closure, force-closure and material-closure. To describe the acting binding mechanisms and thus to derive the joint properties, detailed knowledge of the local effect of the individual binding mechanisms is necessary to ensure their targeted adjustment by the joining process. The targeted setting of different proportions of the binding mechanisms is achieved firstly via tool geometry and secondly via surface condition of the joined parts. An introduced form-closure component can be quantified by metallographic cross section with subsequent measurement of the quality-determining parameters such as undercut, penetration depth and neck thickness. To qualify the force-closure component, a torsional load can be applied mechanically at rotationally symmetrical clinch joints. This also allows the influence of different surface conditions on the tribological system to be quantified. Measurement of electrical resistance can reveal the binding mechanisms of force- and material-closure. These investigations are carried out on an aluminum joining part combination of the same type. As a result of these investigations, the clinched joints can be designed according to the load occurring in the later life cycle in the form of an optimum and compromise variant with regard to minimum loads to be transmitted mechanically, electrically with regard to low resistance or manufacturing with minimum energy input.}},
  author       = {{Kalich, J. and Füssel, U.}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  title        = {{{Design of clinched joints on the basis of binding mechanisms}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01108-z}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30627,
  abstract     = {{Additive plasticity in the logarithmic strain space is compared to multiplicative plasticity for various loading cases including coaxial and non-coaxial plastic deformations. Even though both finite plasticity approaches are based on total Lagrangian descriptions, the former is popular due to its inherent similarity to the infinitesimal theory and its easy extensibility. However, since its introduction several limitations of additive plasticity in the logarithmic strain space have been discovered. In this study, these problems such as stress rotation and softening are considered, revealing that fundamental differences compared to multiplicative plasticity occur for non-coaxial plastic deformations. We focus in particular on the observed softer response of the additive based approach, which is analysed in depth using three numerical examples including two well-known benchmarks for finite plasticity. By means of these finite element simulations the softer and possibly even localising response of additive plasticity in the logarithmic strain space is confirmed.}},
  author       = {{Friedlein, J. and Mergheim, J. and Steinmann, P.}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Solids and Structures}},
  pages        = {{111416}},
  title        = {{{Observations on additive plasticity in the logarithmic strain space at excessive strains}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2021.111416}},
  volume       = {{239-240}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34252,
  abstract     = {{Clinching is the manufacturing process of joining two or more metal sheets under high plastic deformation by form and force closure without thermal support and auxiliary parts. Clinch connections are applicable to difficult-to-join hybrid material combinations, such as steel and aluminum. Therefore, this technology is interesting for the application of AISI 304 components, as this material is widely used as a highly formable sheet material. A characteristic feature of AISI 304 is its metastability, i.e., the face-centered cubic (fcc) γ-austenite can transform into a significantly stronger body-centered cubic (bcc) α’-martensite under plastic deformation. This work investigates the effect of heat treatment—a process that involves the formation of an oxidation layer on the sheet surface—on the forming process during joining and the resulting mechanical properties of clinch joints made from AISI 304. For this purpose, different joints made from non-heat treated and heat-treated sheets were examined using classical metallography and advanced SEM techniques, accompanied by further investigations, such as hardness and feritscope measurements. The shear tensile strength was determined, and the fracture behavior of the samples was investigated. Clear influences of heat-treatment-induced surface roughness on the joint geometry and strength were observed.}},
  author       = {{Zeuner, André Till and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Schöne, Sebastian and Füssel, Uwe and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Surface Roughness and Shear Tensile Strength of AISI 304 Clinch Joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12091514}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34255,
  abstract     = {{Deformation of continuous fibre reinforced plastics during thermally-assisted forming or joining processes leads to a change of the initial material structure. The load behaviour of composite parts strongly depends on the resultant material structure. The prediction of this material structure is a challenging task and requires a deep knowledge of the material behaviour above melting temperature and the occurring complex forming phenomena. Through this knowledge, the optimisation of manufacturing parameters for a more efficient and reproducible process can be enabled and are in the focus of many investigations. In the present paper, a simplified pultrusion test rig is developed and presented to investigate the deformation behaviour of a thermoplastic semi-finished fiber product in a forming element. Therefore, different process parameters, like forming element temperature, pulling velocity as well as the forming element geometry, are varied. The deformation behaviour in the forming zone of the thermoplastic preimpregnated continuous glass fibre-reinforced material is investigated by computed tomography and the resultant pulling forces are measured. The results clearly show the correlation between the forming element temperature and the resulting forces due to a change in the viscosity of the thermoplastic matrix and the resulting fiber matrix interaction. In addition, the evaluation of the measurement data shows which forming forces are required to change the shape of the thermoplastic unidirectional material with a rectangular cross-section to a round one.}},
  author       = {{Borowski, Andreas and Gröger, Benjamin and Füßel, René and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials}},
  number       = {{6}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Characterisation of Fibre Bundle Deformation Behaviour—Test Rig, Results and Conclusions}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp6060146}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34247,
  abstract     = {{The paper presents research regarding a thermally supported multi-material clinching process (hotclinching) for metal and thermoplastic composite (TPC) sheets: an experimental approach to investigate the flow pressing phenomena during joining. Therefore, an experimental setup is developed to compress the TPC-specimens in out-of-plane direction with different initial TPC thicknesses and varying temperature levels. The deformed specimens are analyzed with computed tomography to investigate the resultant inner material structure at different compaction levels. The results are compared in terms of force-compaction-curves and occurring phenomena during compaction. The change of the material structure is characterized by sliding phenomena and crack initiation and growth.}},
  author       = {{Gröger, Benjamin and Römisch, David and Kraus, Martin and Troschitz, Juliane and Füßel, René and Merklein, Marion and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{2073-4360}},
  journal      = {{Polymers}},
  keywords     = {{Polymers and Plastics, General Chemistry}},
  number       = {{22}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Warmforming Flow Pressing Characteristics of Continuous Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/polym14225039}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34256,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The 3D shear deformation and failure behaviour of a glass fibre reinforced polypropylene in a shear strain rate range of γ˙=2.2×10−4 to 3.4 1s is investigated. An Iosipescu testing setup on a servo-hydraulic high speed testing unit is used to experimentally characterise the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour utilising three specimen configurations (12-, 13- and 31-direction). The experimental procedure as well as the testing results are presented and discussed. The measured shear stress–shear strain relations indicate a highly nonlinear behaviour and a distinct rate dependency. Two methods are investigated to derive according material characteristics: a classical engineering approach based on moduli and strengths and a data driven approach based on the curve progression. In all cases a Johnson–Cook based formulation is used to describe rate dependency. The analysis methodologies as well as the derived model parameters are described and discussed in detail. It is shown that a phenomenologically enhanced regression can be used to obtain material characteristics for a generalising constitutive model based on the data driven approach.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gerritzen, Johannes and Hornig, Andreas and Gröger, Benjamin and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{2504-477X}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Composites Science}},
  keywords     = {{Engineering (miscellaneous), Ceramics and Composites}},
  number       = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{A Data Driven Modelling Approach for the Strain Rate Dependent 3D Shear Deformation and Failure of Thermoplastic Fibre Reinforced Composites: Experimental Characterisation and Deriving Modelling Parameters}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jcs6100318}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34251,
  abstract     = {{Joining by forming operations presents powerful and complex joining techniques. Clinching is a well-known joining process for use in sheet metalworking. Currently, clinched joints are focusing on mechanically enhanced connections. Additionally, the demand for integrating electrical requirements to transmit electrical currents will be increased in the future. This integration is particularly important, for instance, in the e-mobility sector. It enables connecting battery cells with electrical joints of aluminum and copper. Systematic use of the process-specific advantages of this joining method opens up the possibility to find and create electrically optimized connections. The optimization for the transmission of electrical currents will be demonstrated for clinched joints by adapting the tool geometry and the clinched joint design. Based on a comparison of the electrical joint resistance, the limit use temperature is defined for the joining materials used based on the microstructural condition and the aging condition due to artificial aging. As a result of the investigations carried out, reliable current transmission at a constant conductor temperature of up to 120 °C can be achieved for clinched copper–copper joints. In the case of pure aluminum joints and mixed joints of aluminum and copper, long-term stable current transmission can be ensured up to a conductor temperature of 100 °C.}},
  author       = {{Kalich, Jan and Matzke, Marcus and Pfeiffer, Wolfgang and Schlegel, Stephan and Kornhuber, Ludwig and Füssel, Uwe}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys}},
  number       = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Long-Term Behavior of Clinched Electrical Contacts}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12101651}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34254,
  abstract     = {{A virtual test setup for investigating single fibres in a transverse shear flow based on a parallel-plate rheometer is presented. The investigations are carried out to verify a numerical representation of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI), where Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used and evaluated. Both are suitable to simulate flexible solid structures in a transverse shear flow. Comparative investigations with different model setups and increasing complexity are presented. It is shown, that the CFD method with an interface-based coupling approach is not capable of handling small fibre diameters in comparison to large fluid domains due to mesh dependencies at the interface definitions. The ALE method is more suited for this task since fibres are embedded without any mesh restrictions. Element types beam, solid, and discrete are considered for fibre modelling. It is shown that the beam formulation for ALE and 3D solid elements for the CFD method are the preferred options.}},
  author       = {{Gröger, Benjamin and Wang, Jingjing and Bätzel, Tim and Hornig, Andreas and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{20}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Modelling and Simulation Strategies for Fluid–Structure-Interactions of Highly Viscous Thermoplastic Melt and Single Fibres—A Numerical Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15207241}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{34250,
  abstract     = {{As a joining-by-forming process, clinching and the use of functional elements enable low-energy joining of components through form, force, and, under certain conditions, material closure. In addition to the transmission of mechanical forces, these joining processes can be qualified for additional electrical contact within the scope of functional integration for electro-mobile applications. For this purpose, maximizing the force and material closure is necessary to ensure a long-term, stable transmission of electrical currents. To this end, the electrical properties of the joints were optimized. The investigations carried out show the long-term behavior under normal operating conditions and the short-circuit case.}},
  author       = {{Füssel, Uwe and Schlegel, Stephan and Reschke, Gregor and Kalich, Jan}},
  booktitle    = {{SFU/ICAFT 2022}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Electrical Contacting of Aluminum Bus Bars Using Clinching and Functional Elements}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/engproc2022026005}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{36332,
  abstract     = {{AlSi casting alloys combine excellent castability with high strength. Hence, this group of alloys is often used in the automotive sector. The challenge for this application is the brittle character of these alloys which leads to cracks during joint formation when mechanical joining technologies are used. A rise in ductility can be achieved by a considerable increase in the solidification rate which results in grain refinement. High solidification rates can be realized in twin–roll casting (TRC) by water-cooled rolls. Therefore, a hypoeutectic EN AC–AlSi9 (for European Norm - aluminum cast product) is manufactured by the TRC process and analyzed. Subsequently, joining investigations are performed on castings in as-cast and heat-treated condition using the self-piercing riveting process considering the joint formation and the load-bearing capacity. Due to the fine microstructure, the crack initiation can be avoided during joining, while maintaining the joining parameters, especially by specimens in heat treatment conditions. Furthermore, due to the extremely fine microstructure, the load-bearing capacity of the joint can be significantly increased in terms of the maximum load-bearing force and the energy absorbed.}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Kappe, Fabian and Ostermeier, Jakob and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Schaper, Mirko and Grydin, Olexandr}},
  issn         = {{1438-1656}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Mechanical Properties and Joinability of AlSi9 Alloy Manufactured by Twin‐Roll Casting}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adem.202200874}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29724,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> In many manufacturing areas, multi-material designs are implemented in which individual components are joined together to form complex structures with numerous joints. For example, in the automotive sector, cast components are used at the junctions of the body and joined with different types of sheet metal and extruded profiles. To be able to join structures consisting of different materials, alternative joining technologies have emerged in recent years. This includes clinching, which allows assembling of two or more thin sheet metal and casting parts by solely cold forming the material. Clinching the brittle and usually less ductile cast aluminium alloys remains a challenge because the brittle character of the cast aluminium alloys can cause cracks during the forming of the clinched joint. In this study, the influence of the heat treatment time of an aluminium casting alloy AlSi9 on the joinability in the clinching process is investigated. Specific heat treatment of the naturally hard AlSi9 leads to a modification of the eutectic microstructure, which can increase ductility. Based on this, it will be examined if specific clinching die geometries can be used, which achieve an optimized geometrical formation of the clinched joint. The load-bearing capacities of the clinched joints are determined and compared by shear tensile and head tensile tests. Furthermore, the joints are examined microscopically to investigate the influence of the heat treatment on the failure behaviour during the load-bearing tests as well as crack initiation within the joining process. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Böhnke, Max and Grydin, Olexandr and Bobbert, Mathias and Schaper, Mirko and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{1464-4207}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{Influence of heat treatment on the suitability for clinching of the aluminium casting alloy AlSi9}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/14644207221075838}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29505,
  abstract     = {{In modern vehicle chassis, multi-material design is implemented to apply the appropriate material for each functionality. In spaceframe technology, both sheet metal and continuous cast are joined to castings at the nodal points of the chassis. Since resistance spot welding is not an option when different materials are joined, research is focusing on mechanical joining methods for multi-material designs. To reduce weight and achieve the required strength, hardenable cast aluminium alloys of the AlSi-system are widely used. Thus, 85–90% of aluminium castings in the automotive industry are comprised of the AlSi-system. Due to the limited weldability, mechanical joining is a suitable process. For this application, various optimisation strategies are required to produce a crack-free joint, as the brittle character of the AlSi alloy poses a challenge. Thus, adapted castings with appropriate ductility are needed. Hence, in this study, the age-hardenable cast aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg is investigated regarding the correlation of the different thicknesses, the microstructural characteristics as well as the resulting mechanical properties. A variation of the thicknesses leads to different solidification rates, which in turn affect the microstructure formation and are decisive for the mechanical properties of the casting as well as the joinability. For the investigation, plates with thicknesses from 2.0 to 4.0 mm, each differing by 0.5 mm, are produced via sand casting. Hence, the overall aim is to evaluate the joinability of AlSi10Mg and derive conclusions concerning the microstructure and mechanical properties.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Frolov, Y. and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Influence of solidification rates and heat treatment on the mechanical performance and joinability of the cast aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01106-1}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31828,
  author       = {{Kupfer, Robert and Köhler, Daniel and Römisch, David and Wituschek, Simon and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Weiß, Deborah and Sadeghian, Behdad and Busch, Matthias and Krüger, Jan and Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Troschitz, Juliane}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Clinching of Aluminum Materials – Methods for the Continuous Characterization of Process, Microstructure and Properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100108}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31238,
  author       = {{Kupfer, Robert and Köhler, Daniel and Römisch, David and Wituschek, Simon and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Weiß, Deborah and Sadeghian, Behdad and Busch, Matthias and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian-Roman and Troschitz, Juliane}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Clinching of Aluminum Materials – Methods for the Continuous Characterization of Process, Microstructure and Properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100108}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33002,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Many mechanical material properties show a dependence on the strain rate, e.g. yield stress or elongation at fracture. The quantitative description of the material behavior under dynamic loading is of major importance for the evaluation of crash safety. This is carried out using numerical methods and requires characteristic values for the materials used. For the standardized determination of dynamic characteristic values in sheet metal materials, tensile tests performed according to the guideline from [1]. A particular challenge in dynamic tensile tests is the force measurement during the test. For this purpose, strain gauges are attached on each specimen, wired to the measuring equipment and calibrated. This is a common way to determine a force signal that is as low in vibration and as free of bending moments as possible. The preparation effort for the used strain gauges are enormous. For these reasons, an optical method to determine the force by strain measurement using DIC is presented. The experiments are carried out on a high speed tensile testing system. In combioantion with a 3D DIC high speed system for optical strain measurement. The elastic deformation of the specimen in the dynamometric section is measured using strain gauges and the optical method. The measured signals are then compared to validate the presented method. The investigations are conducted using the dual phase steel material HCT590X and the aluminum material EN AW-6014 T4. Strain rates of up to 240 s-1 are investigated.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Böhnke, Max and Unruh, Eduard and Sell, Stanislaw and Bobbert, Mathias and Hein, David and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{1662-9795}},
  journal      = {{Key Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science}},
  location     = {{Braga, Portugal}},
  pages        = {{1564--1572}},
  publisher    = {{Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.}},
  title        = {{{Functionality Study of an Optical Measurement Concept for Local Force Signal Determination in High Strain Rate Tensile Tests}}},
  doi          = {{10.4028/p-wpuzyw}},
  volume       = {{926}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inbook{33003,
  author       = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{The Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Series}},
  isbn         = {{9783031062117}},
  issn         = {{2367-1181}},
  location     = {{Toronto, Kanada}},
  publisher    = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Development of a Modified Punch Test for Investigating the Failure Behavior in Sheet Metal Materials}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_52}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34572,
  author       = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Journals}},
  title        = {{{Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of multiaxial loading conditions on the failure behavior of clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/14644207221145886}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34216,
  abstract     = {{Mechanical joining technologies are increasingly used in multi-material lightweight constructions and offer opportunities to create versatile joining processes due to their low heat input, robustness to metallurgical incompatibilities and various process variants. They can be categorised into technologies which require an auxiliary joining element, or do not require an auxiliary joining element. A typical example for a mechanical joining process with auxiliary joining element is self-piercing riveting. A wide range of processes exist which are not requiring an auxiliary joining element. This allows both point-shaped (e.g., by clinching) and line-shaped (e.g., friction stir welding) joints to be produced. In order to achieve versatile processes, challenges exist in particular in the creation of intervention possibilities in the process and the understanding and handling of materials that are difficult to join, such as fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) or high-strength metals. In addition, predictive capability is required, which in particular requires accurate process simulation. Finally, the processes must be measured non-destructively in order to generate control variables in the process or to investigate the cause-effect relationship. This paper covers the state of the art in scientific research concerning mechanical joining and discusses future challenges on the way to versatile mechanical joining processes.}},
  author       = {{Meschut, Gerson and Merklein, M. and Brosius, A. and Drummer, D. and Fratini, L. and Füssel, U. and Gude, M. and Homberg, Werner and Martins, P.A.F. and Bobbert, Mathias and Lechner, M. and Kupfer, R. and Gröger, B. and Han, Daxin and Kalich, J. and Kappe, Fabian and Kleffel, T. and Köhler, D. and Kuball, C.-M. and Popp, J. and Römisch, D. and Troschitz, J. and Wischer, Christian and Wituschek, S. and Wolf, M.}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Review on mechanical joining by plastic deformation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100113}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}