@article{51200,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>As lightweight design gains more and more attention, time and cost-efficient joining methods such as clinching are becoming more popular. A clinch point’s quality is usually determined by ex situ destructive analyses such as microsectioning. However, these methods do not yield the detection of phenomena occurring during loading such as elastic deformations and cracks that close after unloading. Alternatively, in situ computed tomography (in situ CT) can be used to investigate the loading process of clinch points. In this paper, a method for in situ CT analysis of a single-lap shear test with clinched metal sheets is presented at the example of a clinched joint with two 2 mm thick aluminum sheets. Furthermore, the potential of this method to validate numerical simulations is shown. Since the sheets’ surfaces are locally in contact with each other, the interface between both aluminum sheets and therefore the exact contour of the joining partners is difficult to identify in CT analyses. To compensate for this, the application of copper varnish between the sheets is investigated. The best in situ CT results are achieved with both sheets treated. It showed that with this treatment, in situ CT is suitable to properly observe the three-dimensional deformation behavior and to identify the failure modes.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Köhler, Daniel and Kupfer, Robert and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{In Situ Computed Tomography—Analysis of a Single-Lap Shear Test with Clinch Points}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma14081859}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{51201,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In lightweight design, clinching is a cost-efficient solution as the joint is created through localized cold-forming of the joining parts. A clinch point’s quality is usually assessed using ex-situ destructive testing methods. These, however, are unable to detect phenomena immediately during the joining process. For instance, elastic deformations reverse and cracks close after unloading. In-situ methods such as the force-displacement evaluation are used to control a clinching process, though deviations in the clinch point geometry cannot be derived with this method. To overcome these limitations, the clinching process can be investigated using in-situ computed tomography (in-situ CT). However, a clinching tool made of steel would cause strong artefacts and a high attenuation in the CT measurement, reducing the significance of this method. Additionally, when joining parts of the same material, the sheet-sheet interface is hardly detectable. This work aims at identifying, firstly, tool materials that allow artefact-reduced CT measurements during clinching, and, secondly, radiopaque materials that can be applied between the joining parts to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface. Therefore, both CT-suitable tool materials and radiopaque materials are selected and experimentally investigated. In the clinching process, two aluminium sheets with radiopaque material in between are clinched in a single-step (rotationally symmetric joint without cut section). It is shown that e.g. silicon nitride is suited as tool material and a tin layer is suitable to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Köhler, Daniel and Kupfer, Robert and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik}},
  journal      = {{ESAFORM 2021}},
  publisher    = {{University of Liege}},
  title        = {{{Clinching in In-situ CT – Experimental Study on Suitable Tool Materials}}},
  doi          = {{10.25518/esaform21.2781}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{51198,
  author       = {{Köhler, D. and Sadeghian, B. and Troschitz, J. and Kupfer, R. and Gude, M. and Brosius, A.}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Characterisation of lateral offsets in clinch points with computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2021.100089}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{30707,
  author       = {{Sadeghian, B. and Guilleaume, C. and Lafarge, R. and Brosius, A.}},
  journal      = {{Lecture Notes in Production Engineering}},
  pages        = {{116--124}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of Clinched Joints – A Finite Element Simulation of a Non-destructive Approach}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-662-62138-7_12}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30712,
  author       = {{Köhler, D. and Gröger, B. and Kupfer, R. and Hornig, A. and Gude, M.}},
  journal      = {{Procedia Manufacturing}},
  pages        = {{940--947}},
  title        = {{{Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Deformation of a Flexible Wire in an Injection Moulding Process}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.288}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30709,
  author       = {{Köhler, D. and Kupfer, R. and Gude, M.}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  pages        = {{100034}},
  title        = {{{Clinching in in-situ CT—A numerical study on suitable tool materials}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100034}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30703,
  author       = {{Kraus, M. and Merklein, M.}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Materials Processing Technology}},
  pages        = {{116697}},
  title        = {{{Potential of Joining Dissimilar Materials by Cold Formed Pin-Structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116697}},
  volume       = {{283}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30721,
  author       = {{Wituschek, S. and Kuball, C. M. and Merklein, M. and Lechner, M.}},
  journal      = {{Defect and Diffusion Forum}},
  pages        = {{132--137}},
  title        = {{{Test Method for Friction Characterization of Rivets}}},
  doi          = {{10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.404.132}},
  volume       = {{404}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{20680,
  author       = {{Kappe, Fabian and Wituschek, Simon and Lechner, Michael and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Merklein, Marion}},
  location     = {{Darmstadt }},
  title        = {{{Investigation of influencing parameters on the joint formation of the self-piercing riveting process}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30713,
  author       = {{Rostek, Tim and Wiens, Eugen and Homberg, Werner}},
  journal      = {{Procedia Manufacturing}},
  pages        = {{395--399}},
  publisher    = {{ Elsevier Ltd}},
  title        = {{{Joining with Versatile Friction-Spun Joint Connectors}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.313}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{51203,
  author       = {{Köhler, Daniel and Kupfer, Robert and Gude, Maik}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Clinching in in-situ CT—A numerical study on suitable tool materials}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100034}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30716,
  author       = {{Kraus, M. and Frey, P. and Kleffel, T. and Drummer, D. and Merklein, M.}},
  journal      = {{AIP Conference Proceedings}},
  pages        = {{050006}},
  title        = {{{Mechanical joining without auxiliary element by cold formed pins for multi-material-systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/1.5112570}},
  volume       = {{2113}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}