@article{64985,
abstract = {{Modern industrial development has necessitated a wide range of joining technologies. Self-pierce riveting has become a prevalent technique for sheet metal assembly, especially in automotive applications. Achieving proper joint geometry and adequate load-bearing capacity depends on appropriate tool selection and precise process control. Material properties and condition also play a significant role in process performance. To accommodate the inevitable variations in component characteristics during production, a robust and stable joining process is essential. The study focuses on investigating the influence of preformed joining partners on the joining process and the joint's load capacity. An EN AW-6014 in T4 condition, as well as an HCT590X, are used as materials for this study. For this purpose, an exemplary process chain consisting of the steps of performing, joining, and shear load testing is studied. Each process step is implemented using an FE model to predict the outcome of subsequent steps. For analysis of the influence of pre-strain, an optimisation software is used to plan and execute variations of the process. These variations are used to create a meta-model that can describe the relationships between pre-forming and characteristic parameters of subsequent process steps. The resulting model is validated by comparing simulation and experimental data. Finally, in a novel approach, the robustness of the presented process chain is analyzed in terms of a tolerable performance level for the joining partners.}},
author = {{Ludwig, Jean-Patrick and Tolke, Emil and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
issn = {{2666-3309}},
journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
keywords = {{Self-pierce riveting, FE modelling, Plastic pre-deformation, Meta modelling}},
publisher = {{Elsevier BV}},
title = {{{Numerical analysis of the robustness of self-pierce riveting with pre-formed joining partners}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100391}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2026}},
}
@article{59872,
abstract = {{Lightweight design is a driving concept in modern automotive engineering to minimize resource consumption over a vehicle's lifecycle through multi-material design, which relies on the use of joining techniques in car body fabrication. Multi-material design and the increasing trend towards producing large structural components using the megacasting process pose considerable challenges, particularly in the mechanical joining of aluminium-silicon (AlSi) castings. These castings typically exhibit low ductility and are prone to cracking when mechanically joined. Based on the excellent castability of hypoeutectic AlSi alloys, these are applied in sand casting and die casting as well as in megacasting. With a silicon content between 7 wt% and 12 wt%, these AlSi-alloys have a plate-like silicon phase that initiates cracks during mechanical joining. To enhance the joinability of castings, the research hypothesis is that improved solidification conditions enable a significant modification in the microstructure and therefore, increase the mechanical properties. During the manufacture of the castings using the sand casting process, the solidification conditions within the structural elements are varied to modify the microstructure to obtain castings with graded microstructure. The castings are evaluated using mechanical, microstructural and joining testing methods and finally, a microstructure-joinability correlation is established.}},
author = {{Neuser, Moritz and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Schaper, Mirko}},
journal = {{44th Conference of the International Deep Drawing Research Group (IDDRG 2025)}},
keywords = {{Joining, Casting, Self-pierce riveting, Aluminium casting alloy}},
location = {{Lissabon (Portugal)}},
title = {{{Mechanical joinability of microstructurally graded structural components manufactured from hypoeutectic aluminium casting alloys}}},
doi = {{10.1051/matecconf/202540801081}},
volume = {{408}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{59878,
abstract = {{Abstract. In the development of advanced lightweight automotive solutions, self-piercing riveting (SPR) offers the possibility of joining multi-material structures to fulfil a wide variety of requirements. With regard to the entire process chain, production-related pre-deformations of the parts to be joined can influence the geometric shape and load capacity of SPR joints. Various studies have investigated the influence of pre-stretched sheet materials, in the sense of pre-drawing processes, on the formation of SPR joints. The impact of pre-stretching sheet metals on the formation of their geometrical characteristics and the shear-tensile strength of SPR processes was observed [1]. Pre-rolled semi-finished products are also joined together in mixed material automotive structures, e.g. tailor rolled blanks. This work aims to investigate the influence of pre-rolled joining parts on the geometric formation and load-carrying capacity of SPR joints. For this purpose, sheets of metal are cold-formed using a rolling process to induce a defined strain-hardening state in the material and then joined in various combinations. As the degree of deformation increases, the rolling of samples can lead to minimal accumulation of damage in the sheet materials, which can influence the joint behaviour. The rolling process, as well as the subsequent joining process, are also investigated by FEM. The influence of pre-rolled semi-finished products on the strength of the SPR joints is investigated.}},
author = {{Schlichter, Malte Christian and Harabati, Özcan and Ludwig, Jean-Patrick and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of rolling-induced sheet metal deformation on SPR joints}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903599-148}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{60977,
abstract = {{In the development of advanced lightweight automotive solutions, self-piercing riveting (SPR) offers the possibility of joining multi-material structures to fulfil a wide variety of requirements. With regard to the entire process chain, production-related pre-deformations of the parts to be joined can influence the geometric shape and load capacity of SPR joints. Various studies have investigated the influence of pre-stretched sheet materials, in the sense of pre-drawing processes, on the formation of SPR joints. The impact of pre-stretching sheet metals on the formation of their geometrical characteristics and the shear-tensile strength of SPR processes was observed [1]. Pre-rolled semi-finished products are also joined together in mixed material automotive structures, e.g. tailor rolled blanks. This work aims to investigate the influence of pre-rolled joining parts on the geometric formation and load-carrying capacity of SPR joints. For this purpose, sheets of metal are cold-formed using a rolling process to induce a defined strain-hardening state in the material and then joined in various combinations. As the degree of deformation increases, the rolling of samples can lead to minimal accumulation of damage in the sheet materials, which can influence the joint behaviour. The rolling process, as well as the subsequent joining process, are also investigated by FEM. The influence of pre-rolled semi-finished products on the strength of the SPR joints is investigated.}},
author = {{Schlichter, Malte Christian and Harabati, Özcan and Ludwig, Jean-Patrick and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of rolling-induced sheet metal deformation on SPR joints}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903599-148}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{60978,
abstract = {{The present study is an experimental analysis of the influence of pre-forming on the failure behaviour of clinched specimens under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions. In this context, the geometric formation of the clinched joints is taken into account, with regard to the loading behaviour. The study also includes a comparison of the failure behaviour of quasi-static and cyclic tested specimen. Testing is done on non-pre-deformed and pre-deformed specimens. For this purpose, experimental investigations are carried out on two material combinations consisting of HCT590X steel sheet and EN AW-6014 T4 aluminium sheet. The focus is on the fatigue analysis of the clinched joints. The aim is to identify the failure modes under cyclic loading and the crack formation with regard to forming operations prior to the joining process. The investigations show that the cyclic load-bearing behaviour of the HCT590X joints is reduced by introducing a plastic pre-deformation of the to be joined parts.}},
author = {{Schlichter, Malte Christian and Harabati, Özcan and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Investigation on manufacturing-induced pre-deformation on the fatigue behaviour of clinched joints}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903551-16}},
volume = {{52}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{59587,
abstract = {{Abstract. As a widely used sheet metal in clinched joints within the automotive industry, the aluminum alloy EN AW-6014 has been the focus of numerous studies. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) is a critical aspect when assessing the durability of clinched joints. In the present work, the HCF behavior of EN AW-6014 T4 was explored both experimentally and numerically. To model the fatigue behavior, Lemaitre’s two-scale damage model was used. Two key parameters, damage strength and damage exponent, are necessary for numerical investigations of HCF behavior. These parameters were determined through experiments with flat specimens and subsequently validated within a numerical model of clinched joints. The numerical results for fatigue match the experimental ones of the clinched joints quite well.}},
author = {{Chen, Chin and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Harzheim, Sven and Hofmann, Martin and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Wallmersperger, Thomas}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{High-cycle fatigue testing and parameter identification for numerical simulation of aluminum alloy EN AW-6014}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903551-23}},
volume = {{52}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{60002,
abstract = {{This study focuses on damage modeling across different mechanical joining processes within a process chain, specifically using clinching and self-pierce riveting (SPR). The aim is to apply a comprehensive model that captures the damage mechanisms and interactions in these technologies, optimizing them for enhanced performance and durability of aluminum joints. A GISSMO damage model was utilized, based on the stress states occurring during the joining process and a newly introduced damage testing method. This model was applied to both clinching and SPR processes. A detailed analysis of the stress states provided insights into their effect on the material. By incorporating these insights into the GISSMO model, improved accuracy in damage prediction was achieved. The model's application to clinching and SPR demonstrated its effectiveness in optimizing aluminum joint performance and durability, ensuring that the processes can be finely tuned to minimize damage and enhance joint quality.}},
author = {{Harabati, Özcan and Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Brockmeier, Marc and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Cross-process damage modeling: A process-chain case study of clinching and self-pierced riveting for aluminum connections}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903551-19}},
volume = {{52}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@article{59584,
author = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Lüder, Stephan and Kalich, Jan and Schmale, Hans Christian and Böhnke, Max and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Steinmann, Paul and Mergheim, Julia}},
issn = {{2666-3309}},
journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
publisher = {{Elsevier BV}},
title = {{{Application of stress-state-dependent ductile damage and failure model to clinch joining for a wide range of tool and material combinations}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100299}},
volume = {{11}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{60440,
abstract = {{The versatile self-pierce riveting (V-SPR) is a further development of semi-tubular self-pierce riveting. V-SPR enables adaptation to changing boundary conditions, such as a change in the material thickness combination, without varying the rivet die combination due to increased punch actuation and the use of multi-range capable rivets [1]. The inner punch first sets the rivet. The outer punch then forms the rivet head to the respective sheet thickness. For this, the rivet requires a hard shank and a ductile rivet head, which is achieved by an inductive local hardening process [2]. Until now, the joint formation of rivets with graded hardness profile has been challenging to estimate in the FEM simulation due to the inhomogeneous material conditions in the rivet. In this study, a method capable of reproducing the experimentally determined hardness levels of rivets in detail is shown. This FE model enables the realistic modelling of the mechanical properties of the rivet on the basis of the hardness profile in order to predict the correct deformation processes and stresses during the riveting process. First, the detailed experimental hardness mapping of the locally heat-treated rivets is transferred into the FE model. The FEM material model can predict the local strength of the rivet based on hardness by scaling the flow curves. To estimate the predictive capability of the FEM model, the joint formation of rivets with different graded hardness profiles is compared experimentally and simulative. Based on the validated model, the influence of different rivet hardness profiles on the joint formation is analysed numerically. By adapting the material model, a high level of correlation between the experiment's joint formation and the simulation can be achieved.}},
author = {{Holtkamp, Pia Katharina and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Simulation of the joining process of graded hardened multi-range capable rivets}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644903599-153}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61149,
abstract = {{The use of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) in automotive industry increases due to their excellent material properties and possibility of rapid processing. The scale spanning heterogeneity of their material structure and its influence on the material behavior, however, presents significant challenges for most joining technologies, such as self-piercing riveting (SPR). During mechanical joining, the material structure is significantly altered within and around the joining zone, heavily influencing the material behavior. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying phenomena of material alteration during the SPR process is essential as basis for validating numerical simulations. This study examines the material structure at ten stages of a step-setting test of SPR with two FRTP sheets with glass-fiber reinforcement. Utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT), the damage phenomena within different areas of the setting test are analyzed three-dimensionally and key parameters are quantified. Dominating phenomena during the penetration of the rivet into the laminate are fiber failure (FF), interfiber failure (IFF) and fiber bending, while delamination, fiber kinking and roving splitting are also observed. At the final stages, the bottom layers of the second sheet collapse and form a bulge into the cavity of the die.}},
author = {{Dargel, Alrik and Gröger, Benjamin and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Gerritzen, Johannes and Köhler, Daniel and Meschut, Gerson and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)}},
editor = {{Gomes, J.F. Silva and Meguid, Shaker A.}},
isbn = {{9789727523238}},
keywords = {{self-piercing riveting, computed tomography, thermoplastic composites, process-structure-interaction}},
location = {{Porto}},
publisher = {{FEUP}},
title = {{{LOCAL DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF COMPOSITES DURING SELF-PIERCING RIVETING: A CT BASED MICROSTRUCTURE INVESTIGATION}}},
doi = {{10.24840/978-972-752-323-8}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@article{57742,
author = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Beck, Robert and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
issn = {{2223-7690}},
journal = {{Friction}},
publisher = {{Tsinghua University Press}},
title = {{{Development of a friction model for the numerical simulation of clinching processes}}},
doi = {{10.26599/frict.2025.9441052}},
year = {{2024}},
}
@article{59585,
abstract = {{Similar to bulk metal forming, clinch joining is characterised by large plastic deformations and a variety of different 3D stress states, including severe compression. However, inherent to plastic forming is the nucleation and growth of defects, whose detrimental effects on the material behaviour can be described by continuum damage models and eventually lead to material failure. As the damage evolution strongly depends on the stress state, a stress-state-dependent model is utilised to correctly track the accumulation. To formulate and parameterise this model, besides classical experiments, so-called modified punch tests are also integrated herein to enhance the calibration of the failure model by capturing a larger range of stress states and metal-forming-specific loading conditions. Moreover, when highly ductile materials are considered, such as the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN AW-6014 T4 investigated here, strong necking and localisation might occur prior to fracture. This can alter the stress state and affect the actual strain at failure. This influence is captured by coupling plasticity and damage to incorporate the damage-induced softening effect. Its relative importance is shown by conducting inverse parameter identifications to determine damage and failure parameters for both mentioned ductile metals based on up to 12 different experiments.}},
author = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Böhnke, Max and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
issn = {{2504-4494}},
journal = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
number = {{4}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
title = {{{Material Parameter Identification for a Stress-State-Dependent Ductile Damage and Failure Model Applied to Clinch Joining}}},
doi = {{10.3390/jmmp8040157}},
volume = {{8}},
year = {{2024}},
}
@inproceedings{43090,
abstract = {{Abstract. The application of the mechanical joining process clinching allows the assembly of different sheet metal materials with a wide range of material thickness configurations, which is of interest for lightweight multi-material structures. In order to be able to predict the clinched joint properties as a function of the individual manufacturing steps, current studies focus on numerical modeling of the entire clinching process chain. It is essential to be able to take into account the influence of the joining process-induced damage on the load-bearing capacity of the joint during the loading phase. This study presents a numerical damage accumulation in the clinching process based on an implemented Hosford-Coulomb failure model using a 3D clinching process model applied on the aluminum alloy EN AW-6014 in temper T4. A correspondence of the experimentally determined failure location with the element of the highest numerically determined damage accumulation is shown. Moreover, the experimentally determined failure behavior is predicted to be in agreement in the numerical loading simulation with transferred pre-damage from the process simulation. }},
author = {{Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Friedlein, Johannes and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Numerical analysis of failure modeling in clinching process chain simulation}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644902417-33}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@inproceedings{43462,
abstract = {{Abstract. In the numerical simulation of mechanical joining technologies such as clinching, the material modeling of the joining parts is of major importance. This includes modeling the damage and failure behavior of the materials in accordance with varying occurring stress states. This paper presents a calibration method of three different fracture models. The calibration of the models is done by use of experimental data from a modified punch test, tensile test and bulge test in order to map the occurring stress states from clinching processes and to precisely model the resulting failure behavior. Experimental investigations were carried out for an aluminum alloy EN AW-6014 in temper T4 and compared with the simulative results generated in LS-DYNA. The comparison of force-displacement curves and failure initiation shows that the Hosford–Coulomb model predicts the failure behavior for the material used and the tests applied with the best accuracy. }},
author = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Friedlein, Johannes and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
issn = {{2474-395X}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{A calibration method for failure modeling in clinching process simulations}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644902417-34}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@inbook{52454,
author = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}},
isbn = {{9783031413407}},
issn = {{2195-4356}},
publisher = {{Springer Nature Switzerland}},
title = {{{Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Clinched Joints Under Shear Tensile Loading at High Strain Rates}}},
doi = {{10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_12}},
year = {{2023}},
}
@inproceedings{43463,
author = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Bielak, Christian Roman and Böhnke, Max and Bobbert, Mathias and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Meschut, Gerson}},
booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
title = {{{Influence of plastic orthotropy on clinching of sheet metal}}},
doi = {{10.21741/9781644902417-17 }},
year = {{2023}},
}
@article{34213,
abstract = {{In this paper, a study based on experimental and numerical simulations is performed to analyze fatigue cracks in clinched joints. An experimental investigation is conducted to determine the failure modes of clinched joints under cyclic loading at different load amplitudes with single-lap shear tests. In addition, numerical FEM simulations of clinching process and subsequent shear loading are performed to support the experimental investigations by analyzing the state of stresses at the location of failure. An attempt is made to explain the location of crack initiation in the experiments using evaluation variables such as contact shear stress and maximum principal stress.}},
author = {{Ewenz, L. and Bielak, Christian Roman and Otroshi, Mortaza and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Zimmermann, M.}},
issn = {{0944-6524}},
journal = {{Production Engineering}},
keywords = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
number = {{2-3}},
pages = {{305--313}},
publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
title = {{{Numerical and experimental identification of fatigue crack initiation sites in clinched joints}}},
doi = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01124-z}},
volume = {{16}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{29724,
abstract = {{ In many manufacturing areas, multi-material designs are implemented in which individual components are joined together to form complex structures with numerous joints. For example, in the automotive sector, cast components are used at the junctions of the body and joined with different types of sheet metal and extruded profiles. To be able to join structures consisting of different materials, alternative joining technologies have emerged in recent years. This includes clinching, which allows assembling of two or more thin sheet metal and casting parts by solely cold forming the material. Clinching the brittle and usually less ductile cast aluminium alloys remains a challenge because the brittle character of the cast aluminium alloys can cause cracks during the forming of the clinched joint. In this study, the influence of the heat treatment time of an aluminium casting alloy AlSi9 on the joinability in the clinching process is investigated. Specific heat treatment of the naturally hard AlSi9 leads to a modification of the eutectic microstructure, which can increase ductility. Based on this, it will be examined if specific clinching die geometries can be used, which achieve an optimized geometrical formation of the clinched joint. The load-bearing capacities of the clinched joints are determined and compared by shear tensile and head tensile tests. Furthermore, the joints are examined microscopically to investigate the influence of the heat treatment on the failure behaviour during the load-bearing tests as well as crack initiation within the joining process. }},
author = {{Neuser, Moritz and Böhnke, Max and Grydin, Olexandr and Bobbert, Mathias and Schaper, Mirko and Meschut, Gerson}},
issn = {{1464-4207}},
journal = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}},
keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science}},
publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
title = {{{Influence of heat treatment on the suitability for clinching of the aluminium casting alloy AlSi9}}},
doi = {{10.1177/14644207221075838}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{34215,
abstract = {{Clinching as a mechanical joining technique allows a fast and reliable joining of metal sheets in large-scale production. An efficient design and dimensioning of clinched joints requires a holistic understanding of the material, the joining process and the resulting properties of the joint. In this paper, the process chain for clinching metal sheets is described and experimental techniques are proposed to analyze the process-microstructure-property relationships from the sheet metal to the joined structure. At the example of clinching aluminum EN AW 6014, characterization methods are applied and discussed for the following characteristics: the mechanical properties of the sheet materials, the tribological behavior in the joining system, the joining process and the resulting material structure, the load-bearing behavior of the joint, the damage and degradation as well as the service life and crack growth behavior. The compilation of the characterization methods gives an overview on the advantages and weaknesses of the methods and the multiple interactions of material, process and properties during clinching. In addition, the results of the analyses on EN AW 6014 can be applied for parameterization and validation of simulations.}},
author = {{Kupfer, Robert and Köhler, Daniel and Römisch, David and Wituschek, Simon and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Weiß, Deborah and Sadeghian, Behdad and Busch, Matthias and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Troschitz, Juliane}},
issn = {{2666-3309}},
journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
publisher = {{Elsevier BV}},
title = {{{Clinching of Aluminum Materials – Methods for the Continuous Characterization of Process, Microstructure and Properties}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100108}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{33002,
abstract = {{Many mechanical material properties show a dependence on the strain rate, e.g. yield stress or elongation at fracture. The quantitative description of the material behavior under dynamic loading is of major importance for the evaluation of crash safety. This is carried out using numerical methods and requires characteristic values for the materials used. For the standardized determination of dynamic characteristic values in sheet metal materials, tensile tests performed according to the guideline from [1]. A particular challenge in dynamic tensile tests is the force measurement during the test. For this purpose, strain gauges are attached on each specimen, wired to the measuring equipment and calibrated. This is a common way to determine a force signal that is as low in vibration and as free of bending moments as possible. The preparation effort for the used strain gauges are enormous. For these reasons, an optical method to determine the force by strain measurement using DIC is presented. The experiments are carried out on a high speed tensile testing system. In combioantion with a 3D DIC high speed system for optical strain measurement. The elastic deformation of the specimen in the dynamometric section is measured using strain gauges and the optical method. The measured signals are then compared to validate the presented method. The investigations are conducted using the dual phase steel material HCT590X and the aluminum material EN AW-6014 T4. Strain rates of up to 240 s-1 are investigated.}},
author = {{Böhnke, Max and Unruh, Eduard and Sell, Stanislaw and Bobbert, Mathias and Hein, David and Meschut, Gerson}},
issn = {{1662-9795}},
journal = {{Key Engineering Materials}},
keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science}},
location = {{Braga, Portugal}},
pages = {{1564--1572}},
publisher = {{Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.}},
title = {{{Functionality Study of an Optical Measurement Concept for Local Force Signal Determination in High Strain Rate Tensile Tests}}},
doi = {{10.4028/p-wpuzyw}},
volume = {{926}},
year = {{2022}},
}