[{"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","_id":"65776","volume":6,"user_id":"21863","citation":{"apa":"Fuchs, C., Museba, J., &#38; Friesch, K. (2026). The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios. <i>Open Research Europe</i>, <i>6</i>, Article 49. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>","ieee":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, and K. Friesch, “The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios,” <i>Open Research Europe</i>, vol. 6, Art. no. 49, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Joel Museba, and Kevin Friesch. “The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios.” <i>Open Research Europe</i> 6 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, K. Friesch, Open Research Europe 6 (2026).","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. “The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios.” <i>Open Research Europe</i>, vol. 6, 49, F1000 Research Ltd, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C, Museba J, Friesch K. The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios. <i>Open Research Europe</i>. 2026;6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>","bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_Museba_Friesch_2026, title={The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2</a>}, number={49}, journal={Open Research Europe}, publisher={F1000 Research Ltd}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Museba, Joel and Friesch, Kevin}, year={2026} }"},"project":[{"_id":"1397","name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2732-5121"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","id":"21863"},{"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Museba","full_name":"Museba, Joel"},{"full_name":"Friesch, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Friesch"}],"year":"2026","title":"The Futures of Digital Democracy: Four Scenarios","intvolume":"         6","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-04T20:17:42Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"49","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.22910.2","publication":"Open Research Europe","abstract":[{"text":"This paper investigates the potential impacts of digitalisation on society and democratic governance through the construction of four realist science fiction scenarios. The study aims to delineate desirable and undesirable digital futures to inform policy discourse and strategic planning. It begins with the outlining of the research basis and methodology, where it employs a methodological synthesis of the Scenario Development Technique from the UN Strategic Foresight Guide and STEEP Analysis. This approach integrates a macro environmental assessment of socio-cultural, technological, economic, environmental, and political dimensions to identify key drivers of change and differences. These are then mapped onto a two-by-two matrix defined by two primary axes. This combination enabled the development of four scenarios examining the impact of digital technologies across these dimensions. The scenarios diverge along two axes. The vertical axis represents the mode of societal organisation and political power (authoritarianism versus democracy). The horizontal axis represents the mode of governance and citizen engagement (representation versus participation). By contrasting these divergent paths, this paper provides a critical framework for analysing how digital technologies intersect with political will and socioeconomic structures.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-06-04T20:14:20Z","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"type":"journal_article"},{"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-18T11:26:38Z","title":"What is Participatory Digital Democracy?","year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1071-4421","1547-7487"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Friesch, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Friesch"},{"id":"21863","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579"},{"full_name":"Museba, Joel","last_name":"Museba","first_name":"Joel"}],"doi":"10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"The Communication Review","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"11"},{"_id":"136"}],"date_created":"2026-06-18T11:24:32Z","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","user_id":"21863","page":"1-38","_id":"65933","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"1397","name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation"}],"citation":{"ama":"Friesch K, Fuchs C, Museba J. What is Participatory Digital Democracy? <i>The Communication Review</i>. Published online 2026:1-38. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>","bibtex":"@article{Friesch_Fuchs_Museba_2026, title={What is Participatory Digital Democracy?}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>}, journal={The Communication Review}, author={Friesch, Kevin and Fuchs, Christian and Museba, Joel}, year={2026}, pages={1–38} }","mla":"Friesch, Kevin, et al. “What Is Participatory Digital Democracy?” <i>The Communication Review</i>, 2026, pp. 1–38, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>.","short":"K. Friesch, C. Fuchs, J. Museba, The Communication Review (2026) 1–38.","chicago":"Friesch, Kevin, Christian Fuchs, and Joel Museba. “What Is Participatory Digital Democracy?” <i>The Communication Review</i>, 2026, 1–38. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>.","apa":"Friesch, K., Fuchs, C., &#38; Museba, J. (2026). What is Participatory Digital Democracy? <i>The Communication Review</i>, 1–38. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>","ieee":"K. Friesch, C. Fuchs, and J. Museba, “What is Participatory Digital Democracy?,” <i>The Communication Review</i>, pp. 1–38, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015\">10.1080/10714421.2026.2691015</a>."}},{"type":"research_data","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"date_created":"2026-07-23T17:48:54Z","project":[{"name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","_id":"1397"}],"citation":{"short":"G. Rogowska, D.D. Domenici, F. Yilmaz, L. Ceselli, L. Coenen, C. Fuchs, X. Klinge, M. Ruiz de Assin de los Santos, Holding Democracy Together: A Common European Baseline for Trustworthy Digital Democracy in Europe (Policy Brief), LibreCat University, 2026.","chicago":"Rogowska, Gabriela, Diego Dylan  Domenici, Fatih Yilmaz, Luca Ceselli, Laurien Coenen, Christian Fuchs, Xenia Klinge, and Maria Ruiz de Assin de los Santos. <i>Holding Democracy Together: A Common European Baseline for Trustworthy Digital Democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)</i>. LibreCat University, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680</a>.","apa":"Rogowska, G., Domenici, D. D., Yilmaz, F., Ceselli, L., Coenen, L., Fuchs, C., Klinge, X., &#38; Ruiz de Assin de los Santos, M. (2026). <i>Holding Democracy Together: A common European baseline for trustworthy digital democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)</i>. LibreCat University. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680</a>","ieee":"G. Rogowska <i>et al.</i>, <i>Holding Democracy Together: A common European baseline for trustworthy digital democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)</i>. LibreCat University, 2026.","ama":"Rogowska G, Domenici DD, Yilmaz F, et al. <i>Holding Democracy Together: A Common European Baseline for Trustworthy Digital Democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)</i>. LibreCat University; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680\">10.5281/ZENODO.21026680</a>","bibtex":"@book{Rogowska_Domenici_Yilmaz_Ceselli_Coenen_Fuchs_Klinge_Ruiz de Assin de los Santos_2026, title={Holding Democracy Together: A common European baseline for trustworthy digital democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680\">10.5281/ZENODO.21026680</a>}, publisher={LibreCat University}, author={Rogowska, Gabriela and Domenici, Diego Dylan  and Yilmaz, Fatih and Ceselli, Luca and Coenen, Laurien and Fuchs, Christian and Klinge, Xenia and Ruiz de Assin de los Santos, Maria}, year={2026} }","mla":"Rogowska, Gabriela, et al. <i>Holding Democracy Together: A Common European Baseline for Trustworthy Digital Democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)</i>. LibreCat University, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.21026680\">10.5281/ZENODO.21026680</a>."},"user_id":"21863","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.21026680","publisher":"LibreCat University","_id":"66566","date_updated":"2026-07-23T17:52:30Z","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","year":"2026","title":"Holding Democracy Together: A common European baseline for trustworthy digital democracy in Europe (Policy Brief)","author":[{"full_name":"Rogowska, Gabriela","last_name":"Rogowska","first_name":"Gabriela"},{"first_name":"Diego Dylan ","last_name":"Domenici","full_name":"Domenici, Diego Dylan "},{"last_name":"Yilmaz","first_name":"Fatih","full_name":"Yilmaz, Fatih"},{"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Ceselli","full_name":"Ceselli, Luca"},{"full_name":"Coenen, Laurien","first_name":"Laurien","last_name":"Coenen"},{"last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","id":"21863"},{"first_name":"Xenia","last_name":"Klinge","full_name":"Klinge, Xenia"},{"last_name":"Ruiz de Assin de los Santos","first_name":"Maria","full_name":"Ruiz de Assin de los Santos, Maria"}]},{"title":"What is Digital Democracy?","year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1933-1681","1933-169X"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","first_name":"Christian","id":"21863"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-08-14T09:02:32Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162 "}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162","publication":"Journal of Information Technology & Politics ","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162 ","relation":"confirmation"}]},"date_created":"2026-04-17T05:03:02Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","page":"1-21","_id":"65456","user_id":"21863","citation":{"ama":"Fuchs C. What is Digital Democracy? <i>Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics </i>. Published online 2026:1-21. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>","bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_2026, title={What is Digital Democracy?}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>}, journal={Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics }, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2026}, pages={1–21} }","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. “What Is Digital Democracy?” <i>Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics </i>, 2026, pp. 1–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. “What Is Digital Democracy?” <i>Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics </i>, 2026, 1–21. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics  (2026) 1–21.","apa":"Fuchs, C. (2026). What is Digital Democracy? <i>Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics </i>, 1–21. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>","ieee":"C. Fuchs, “What is Digital Democracy?,” <i>Journal of Information Technology &#38; Politics </i>, pp. 1–21, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162\">10.1080/19331681.2026.2660162</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","_id":"1397"}]},{"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002"}]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This report outlines foundations of digital democracy and digital democracy research. It is\r\nstructured into eight chapters:\r\nChapter 1: Introduction\r\nChapter 2: What is Digital Democracy?\r\nChapter 3: Online Participation\r\nChapter 4: Open Governance\r\nChapter 5: Digital Activism\r\nChapter 6: e-Voting\r\nChapter 7: Global Trends that Influence Digital Democracy\r\nChapter 8: Foreign Interferences in Democracy"}],"project":[{"name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","_id":"1397"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Kevin Friesch, and Joel Museba. <i>INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 </i>. INNOVADE, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002\">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, K. Friesch, J. Museba, INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 , INNOVADE, 2026.","apa":"Fuchs, C., Friesch, K., &#38; Museba, J. (2026). <i>INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 </i>. INNOVADE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002\">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002</a>","ieee":"C. Fuchs, K. Friesch, and J. Museba, <i>INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 </i>. INNOVADE, 2026.","ama":"Fuchs C, Friesch K, Museba J. <i>INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 </i>. INNOVADE; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002\">10.5281/zenodo.20341002</a>","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_Friesch_Museba_2026, title={INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 }, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002\">10.5281/zenodo.20341002</a>}, publisher={INNOVADE}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Friesch, Kevin and Museba, Joel}, year={2026} }","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. <i>INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 </i>. INNOVADE, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002\">10.5281/zenodo.20341002</a>."},"type":"report","oa":"1","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"date_created":"2025-09-15T14:52:43Z","date_updated":"2026-06-29T10:32:34Z","title":"INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 ","year":"2026","status":"public","author":[{"full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","last_name":"Fuchs","first_name":"Christian","id":"21863"},{"full_name":"Friesch, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Friesch"},{"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Museba","full_name":"Museba, Joel"}],"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.20341002","user_id":"21863","page":"320","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20341002"}],"_id":"61278","publisher":"INNOVADE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"_id":"66144","publisher":"LibreCat University","user_id":"21863","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.20753772","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","id":"21863"},{"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Museba","full_name":"Museba, Joel"},{"last_name":"Friesch","first_name":"Kevin","full_name":"Friesch, Kevin"}],"title":"Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2","year":"2026","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","date_updated":"2026-07-03T19:30:37Z","date_created":"2026-07-03T15:07:56Z","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"type":"research_data","citation":{"short":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, K. Friesch, Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2, LibreCat University, 2026.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Joel Museba, and Kevin Friesch. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2</i>. LibreCat University, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772</a>.","apa":"Fuchs, C., Museba, J., &#38; Friesch, K. (2026). <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2</i>. LibreCat University. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772</a>","ieee":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, and K. Friesch, <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2</i>. LibreCat University, 2026.","ama":"Fuchs C, Museba J, Friesch K. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2</i>. LibreCat University; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753772</a>","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_Museba_Friesch_2026, title={Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753772</a>}, publisher={LibreCat University}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Museba, Joel and Friesch, Kevin}, year={2026} }","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 2</i>. LibreCat University, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753772\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753772</a>."},"project":[{"_id":"1397","name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation"}]},{"author":[{"id":"21863","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","last_name":"Fuchs","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian"},{"full_name":"Musba, Joel","last_name":"Musba","first_name":"Joel"},{"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Friesch","full_name":"Friesch, Kevin"}],"status":"public","title":"Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1","year":"2026","has_accepted_license":"1","date_updated":"2026-07-03T19:30:30Z","_id":"66143","publisher":"LibreCat University","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.20753737","user_id":"21863","citation":{"apa":"Fuchs, C., Musba, J., &#38; Friesch, K. (2026). <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1</i>. LibreCat University. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737</a>","ieee":"C. Fuchs, J. Musba, and K. Friesch, <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1</i>. LibreCat University, 2026.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Joel Musba, and Kevin Friesch. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1</i>. LibreCat University, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, J. Musba, K. Friesch, Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1, LibreCat University, 2026.","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1</i>. LibreCat University, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753737</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C, Musba J, Friesch K. <i>Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1</i>. LibreCat University; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753737</a>","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_Musba_Friesch_2026, title={Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS) Open Data Survey Round 1}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753737\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753737</a>}, publisher={LibreCat University}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Musba, Joel and Friesch, Kevin}, year={2026} }"},"project":[{"_id":"1397","name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation"}],"date_created":"2026-07-03T15:06:04Z","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"type":"research_data"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper explores one of the defining political questions of the twenty‐first century: will digital technologies strengthen democracy or accelerate new forms of authoritarianism and fascism? Against the backdrop of platform capitalism, AI‐driven communication, surveillance infrastructures, disinformation and democratic crisis, the study asks how experts in digital democracy assess the present condition and possible futures of digital society. To address this question, the paper draws on the Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS), a two‐round international expert survey involving researchers, practitioners and civil society actors working in the fields of digital democracy, media, Internet governance and digital society. Combining futures research, scenario analysis, and qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the study investigates competing trajectories of digital development ranging from participatory digital democracy to corporate and state‐controlled digital fascism. The findings reveal a profound tension at the heart of contemporary digital society: while respondents overwhelmingly imagine an ideal future democracy in participatory and deliberative terms—centred on citizens’ assemblies, digital participation, public‐service Internet platforms and democratic AI—they simultaneously express deep pessimism about the actual direction of digital capitalism and platform power. Experts consider authoritarian and fascistic digital futures significantly more likely than democratic ones. The paper analyses these contradictions by examining the relationship between deliberative democracy, constitutional rights, platform governance, digital commons, public service media, AI, surveillance and the political economy of Big Tech. It argues that democracy in the digital age can only survive if participatory and deliberative digital structures are institutionally combined with constitutional safeguards, public ownership, democratic regulation and the defence of human rights. By bringing together debates on digital democracy, authoritarianism, political economy and digital futures, the paper offers both a critical diagnosis of the contemporary digital condition and a normative vision of democratic alternatives in the age of AI and platform capitalism."}],"publication":"Policy & Internet","issue":"3","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2026-07-28T18:09:19Z","intvolume":"        18","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-07-28T18:12:25Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1944-2866","1944-2866"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Fuchs","first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","id":"21863"},{"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Friesch","full_name":"Friesch, Kevin"},{"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Museba","full_name":"Museba, Joel"}],"year":"2026","title":"Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism","doi":"10.1002/poi3.70054","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"e70054","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054 "}],"project":[{"_id":"1397","name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_Friesch_Museba_2026, title={Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism}, volume={18}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054\">10.1002/poi3.70054</a>}, number={3e70054}, journal={Policy &#38; Internet}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Friesch, Kevin and Museba, Joel}, year={2026} }","ama":"Fuchs C, Friesch K, Museba J. Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism. <i>Policy &#38; Internet</i>. 2026;18(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054\">10.1002/poi3.70054</a>","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. “Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism.” <i>Policy &#38; Internet</i>, vol. 18, no. 3, e70054, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054\">10.1002/poi3.70054</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, K. Friesch, J. Museba, Policy &#38; Internet 18 (2026).","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Kevin Friesch, and Joel Museba. “Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism.” <i>Policy &#38; Internet</i> 18, no. 3 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054\">https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054</a>.","ieee":"C. Fuchs, K. Friesch, and J. Museba, “Digital Futures Between Participatory Digital Democracy and Participatory Digital Fascism,” <i>Policy &#38; Internet</i>, vol. 18, no. 3, Art. no. e70054, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70054\">10.1002/poi3.70054</a>.","apa":"Fuchs, C., Friesch, K., &#38; Museba, J. (2026). 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LibreCat University, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753801\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753801</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C, Museba J, Friesch K. <i>The Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS): Report and Analysis</i>. LibreCat University; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753801\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753801</a>","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_Museba_Friesch_2026, title={The Futures of Digital Democracy Survey (FDDS): Report and Analysis}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20753801\">10.5281/ZENODO.20753801</a>}, publisher={LibreCat University}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Museba, Joel and Friesch, Kevin}, year={2026} }"},"type":"research_data","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"date_created":"2026-07-03T15:03:20Z"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2"}],"article_number":"387","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2732-5121"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","id":"21863"}],"title":"What is and how do we Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy?","year":"2025","intvolume":"         5","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2026-02-23T20:51:40Z","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2025-12-12T18:21:20Z","department":[{"_id":"136"},{"_id":"11"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Open Research Europe","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper develops a new concept and framework for understanding resilient digital democracy in an age defined by polarisation, cascading crises, and the global rise of digital authoritarianism. It begins by tracing the concept of resilience from systems theory to social and political life, showing that resilience in democracy is not a mechanical property of systems but a dynamic, human-driven practice grounded in agency, resistance, and collective self-determination. The paper argues that with emerging challenges in the digital sphere, such as misinformation, surveillance capitalism, platform monopolies, deepfakes, and hybrid warfare, democracy can only endure if its digital dimensions are protected and transformed. Building on this foundation, the paper introduces a holistic approach to resilient digital democracy that spans environmental, technological, economic, political, and cultural domains, and advances strategies such as public-commons digital infrastructures, platform co-operatives, public service Internet platforms, free/libre open source software (FLOSS), participatory innovations, and hybrid offline/online democratic practices. The result is a fresh, interdisciplinary vision of how democracy can be reinvented in the digital age."}],"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","_id":"63076","volume":5,"user_id":"21863","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":"1","citation":{"ieee":"C. Fuchs, “What is and how do we Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy?,” <i>Open Research Europe</i>, vol. 5, Art. no. 387, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>.","apa":"Fuchs, C. (2025). What is and how do we Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy? <i>Open Research Europe</i>, <i>5</i>, Article 387. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. “What Is and How Do We Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy?” <i>Open Research Europe</i>, vol. 5, 387, F1000 Research Ltd, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_2025, title={What is and how do we Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy?}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>}, number={387}, journal={Open Research Europe}, publisher={F1000 Research Ltd}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2025} }","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. “What Is and How Do We Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy?” <i>Open Research Europe</i> 5 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C. What is and how do we Achieve a Resilient Digital Democracy? <i>Open Research Europe</i>. 2025;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2\">10.12688/openreseurope.21988.2</a>","short":"C. Fuchs, Open Research Europe 5 (2025)."},"project":[{"name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","_id":"1397"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"project":[{"name":"INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","_id":"1397"}],"citation":{"ieee":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, and K. Friesch, <i>D3.1 – White Paper: The Futures of Digital Democracy</i>. Horizon Europe Research Project INNOVADE Research Report , 2025.","apa":"Fuchs, C., Museba, J., &#38; Friesch, K. (2025). <i>D3.1 – White Paper: The Futures of Digital Democracy</i>. Horizon Europe Research Project INNOVADE Research Report . <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17747936\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17747936</a>","short":"C. Fuchs, J. Museba, K. Friesch, D3.1 – White Paper: The Futures of Digital Democracy, Horizon Europe Research Project INNOVADE Research Report , 2025.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, Joel Museba, and Kevin Friesch. <i>D3.1 – White Paper: The Futures of Digital Democracy</i>. Horizon Europe Research Project INNOVADE Research Report , 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17747936\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17747936</a>.","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, et al. <i>D3.1 – White Paper: The Futures of Digital Democracy</i>. 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Fuchs, World War and World Peace in the Age of Digital Capitalism, University of Westminster Press, London, 2025.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>World War and World Peace in the Age of Digital Capitalism</i>. London: University of Westminster Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/mpub.13082283\">https://doi.org/10.16997/mpub.13082283</a>."},"project":[{"name":"INNOVADE: INNOVADE: INNOVAtive DEmocracy Through Digitalisation","grant_number":"101178306","_id":"1397","call_identifier":"HORIZON-CL2-2024-DEMOCRACY-01-07"}]},{"citation":{"mla":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>INNOVADE Press Release: INNOVADE Publishes an Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy</i>. 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