@inproceedings{59441,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Accurate Finite Element Modeling (FEM) of joints is essential in the design of complex mechanical systems such as automotive body-in-white (BIW) structures, as it plays a critical role in evaluating their performance. Although well-established techniques exist for modeling rotationally symmetric joints, there remains a significant gap in effectively modeling non-rotationally symmetric joints. These joints are particularly relevant in the automotive BIW, where they can better accommodate anisotropic loading conditions. In this study, strategies for modeling non-rotationally symmetric joints were explored using finite element simulations in LS-DYNA. The findings demonstrate that discrete beam elements can capture the anisotropic characteristics of such joints. Two models were tested: a single-beam model for stiffness periodicity every 90°, and a three-beam model for stiffness periodicity every 120°. Force responses, stress distribution, and sheet bending behaviors were analyzed, confirming that discrete beam elements can accurately represent direction-dependent stiffness. These results establish a foundation for developing advanced joint modeling strategies in complex mechanical systems.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Devulapally, Deekshith Reddy and Tröster, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Modelling strategies for non-rotationally symmetric joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903551-21}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{59873,
  abstract     = {{This paper focuses on the failure behavior of clinched specimens with various stiffnesses under shear tensile loading. The primary objective is to assess the influence of the specimen stiffness with an arrangement of clinched joints. The specimen stiffness depends on several variables. In addition to the material selection, the specific choice of geometry and the design of the clinched joints must also be taken into account. A number of experiments was conducted to investigate the failure behavior of specimens with an arrangement of three clinched joints under shear tensile loading. These configurations were subjected to shear tensile tests, with force displacement curves recorded for each specimen to provide a detailed characterization of their structural response. The stiffness is modified by altering the specimen width, which has marginal impact on the maximum force. The experimental findings indicate that reducing the specimen stiffness results in a shift in the type of stress, with the failure behavior becoming increasingly influenced by bending stress. These results offer important insights for the design of clinched joint assemblies, indicating that it is feasible to achieve the desired properties by changing the specimen stiffness.}},
  author       = {{Wolf, Eugen and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{MATEC Web of Conferences}},
  issn         = {{2261-236X}},
  keywords     = {{Joining, Sheet Metal, Stiffness, Clinching}},
  location     = {{Lisbon}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  title        = {{{Investigation failure behavior in the shear tensile test with variety of specimen stiffness}}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/matecconf/202540801080}},
  volume       = {{408}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{59485,
  abstract     = {{This paper focuses on the failure behavior of specimens with various configurations of clinched joints under shear tensile loading. The primary objective is to assess the influence of the joining direction and the spatial arrangement of clinched joints on their mechanical performance. A number of experiments was conducted, focusing on three clinched joints arranged in different configurations, each varying in terms of joining direction and spacing. These configurations were subjected to shear tensile tests, with force-displacement curves recorded for each sample to provide a detailed characterization of their structural response. The experimental findings indicate that the specific arrangement of the clinched joints, in terms of joining direction, has a marginal impact on the overall failure behavior. This suggests that intricate modifications to the joining direction are unnecessary to achieve improved mechanical performance in such applications. These results offer valuable insights for the design of clinched joint assemblies, indicating that simplified joining strategies may suffice without compromising structural integrity under shear loading.}},
  author       = {{Wolf, Eugen and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  keywords     = {{Joining, Sheet Metal, Clinching}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  pages        = {{ 86 -- 92}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Investigation failure behavior in the shear tensile test with respect to the arrangements of clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903551-11}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60299,
  abstract     = {{Non-rotationally symmetrical joints can have different properties that can be controlled by the joint orientation. This hypothesis is tested using a Reuleaux triangle joint geometry. A tool design is carried out, followed by a numerical sensitivity analysis of the tool geometry. Initial tools were manufactured for experimental investigations and then adapted based on the findings of the sensitivity analysis. The joints are characterized by micrographs, 3D scans, shear tensile tests, head tensile tests and three-point bending tests and compared with a round geometry. The analysis confirms the hypothesis. Thus, joints with adaptable properties can be produced with one tool set.}},
  author       = {{Steinfelder, Christian and Acksteiner, Clemens and Brosius, Alexander}},
  issn         = {{0007-8506}},
  journal      = {{CIRP Annals}},
  keywords     = {{Joining, Forming, Property adjustment}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A new joint with versatile properties based on a Reuleaux triangle geometry}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.cirp.2025.03.002}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{60285,
  abstract     = {{This paper examines the impact of a rotationally superimposed punch stroke on the binding mechanisms of clinched joints of aluminum sheets. As part of the development of a method for ensuring the versatility of clinching, an additional rotational movement of the punch was introduced as a control variable to influence friction in the mechanical joining process. The effect of rotational superimposition on the force-displacement curve of the clinching processes was investigated using four test variants with different kinematics. The primary objective was to evaluate the binding mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the clinched joint. To evaluate the force closure of the resulting joint, two testing methods were employed throughout the course of the research, non-destructive resistance measurement using four-wire sensing method and destructive torsion testing. A crucial factor influencing the efficacy of the process is surface cleanliness, as contaminants between joining partners can impede the effectiveness of the clinched joint. Therefore, all specimens were meticulously cleaned prior to experimentation. This method exhibits promising potential in creating clinched joints that align with the demands of flexible manufacturing environments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Lüder, Stephan and Wolf, Eugen and Schmale, Hans Christian and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{MATEC Web of Conferences}},
  issn         = {{2261-236X}},
  keywords     = {{Joining, Sheet Metal, Tribology, Clinching}},
  location     = {{Lisbon}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of the impact of a rotationally superimposed punch stroke on the binding mechanisms of a clinched joint}}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/matecconf/202540801086}},
  volume       = {{408}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{61524,
  author       = {{Einwag, Jonathan-Markus and Steinfelder, Christian and Wartzack, Sandro and Brosius, Alexander and Goetz, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{1526-6125}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing Processes}},
  pages        = {{179--191}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{From simulation to metamodel to experiment: Evaluating the prediction accuracy of polynomial regression models for clinch joint properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.059}},
  volume       = {{154}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{63020,
  abstract     = {{Zur Prüfung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von mechanisch gefügten Verbindungen wird gemäß der Normung in der Regel nur ein Fügepunkt verwendet. In diesem Beitrag wird die Prüfung von Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten in einem modifizierten Torsionsversuch beschrieben. Bei den Fügeverbindungen der Proben aus artgleichen Werkstoffen handelt es sich um zwei Varianten symmetrischer Mehrfachanordnungen von vier Clinchpunkten mit zwei unterschiedlichen Fügepunktabständen, was zu zwei verschiedenen Längen des Wirkabstands in Bezug auf die Rotationsachse im Torsionsversuch führt. Das erste Teilziel der Untersuchung ist die Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit der Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten unter Torsionsbeanspruchung. Ein zweites Teilziel ist die Analyse des Einflusses eines zusätzlichen Clinchpunkts, der als Drehgelenk in der Rotationsachse wirkt, auf das Tragverhalten und das Versagensverhalten der Fügeverbindung. Aus den erarbeiteten Resultaten werden Erkenntnisse zum Tragverhalten der Fügeverbindungen abgeleitet und eine Überschlagsrechnung vorgestellt, um Richtlinien zur konstruktiven Auslegung von Bauteilen aufzustellen.}},
  author       = {{Lüder, Stephan and Wolf, Eugen and Brosius, Alexander and Schmale, Hans Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-454-9}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchen, Mehrfachanordnung, Torsionsprüfung, Tragfähigkeit}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{478 -- 483}},
  title        = {{{Modifizierter Torsionsversuch zur Untersuchung des Tragverhaltens von Clinchpunktmehrfachanordnungen}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{62724,
  abstract     = {{Durch eine zunehmende Verbreitung von Clinchverbindungen in industriellen Anwendungen spielt die Zuverlässigkeit der Fügeverbindung eine immer größere Rolle. Insbesondere Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten wurden bisher nur selten untersucht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Zuverlässigkeit von gefügten Proben mit einer Mehrfachanordnung von Clinchpunkten unter zyklischer Beanspruchung untersucht. Ziel ist es, die Wechselwirkung benachbarter Clinchpunkte und deren Einfluss auf die Ermüdungslebensdauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden Proben mit variierenden Fügepunktabständen hergestellt und in Versuchsreihen zyklisch belastet. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die räumliche Anordnung der Clinchpunkte das Ermüdungsverhalten beeinflusst. Es wurde festgestellt, dass bei Mehrfachanordnungen sowohl der Fügepunktabstand als auch der Abstand der Fügepunkte zum Bauteilrand in Belastungsrichtung einen Einflussfaktor darstellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Lebensdauervorhersage gefügter Strukturen und bildet eine Grundlage für weiterführende Untersuchungen zu Gestaltungsempfehlungen.}},
  author       = {{Wolf, Eugen and Hollmer, Katharina and Zimmermann, Martina and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-454-9}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchverbindungen, Zyklische Beanspruchung, Versagensverhalten}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{317 -- 322}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit gefügter Proben mit einer Mehrfachanordnung von Clinchpunkten unter zyklischer Beanspruchung}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{59897,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>This paper discusses the influence of joint orientation with non-rotationally symmetric geometry, on load distribution and structural behavior. The focus is on understanding how changes in the alignment of individual joints affect the distribution of load, neighboring joints, and the overall performance of the component. Lap shear specimens with multiple joints arranged in a line are analyzed to explore these effects. Simplified models are used to model the joints in finite element simulations, allowing for efficient yet accurate analysis of the load distribution and structural response under varying joint orientations. Variations in joint orientation result in measurable changes in the distribution of forces on adjacent joints, influencing their behavior and that of the overall assembly. Experimental validation confirms the numerical results, providing deeper insights into the interaction between individual joints and their surroundings. This work contributes to the development of systematic approaches for optimizing the design of components with non-rotationally symmetric joints. The study highlights the importance of considering directional properties of joints in designing structural components.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Devulapally, Deekshith Reddy and Steinfelder, Christian and Tröster, Thomas and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{MATEC Web of Conferences}},
  issn         = {{2261-236X}},
  location     = {{Lisabon,Portugal}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  title        = {{{Impact of non-rotationally symmetric joint orientation on neighbouring joints and component performance in lap shear specimens}}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/matecconf/202540801035}},
  volume       = {{408}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{55638,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. Traditionally, joints are cylindrical and rotationally symmetric. In the present study, non-rotationally symmetric joints are used for joining steel and Glass mat-reinforced thermoplastic sheets (GMT). In addition, the study also analyzes the impact of non-rotational symmetric joint rotation on the load-bearing capacity. Single lap joint specimens were fabricated using the In-Mold assembly technique for joining steel sheets with GMT. Tensile shear tests were performed on different orientations of the joint geometry, and it was observed that changing the joint orientation influences the load-bearing capacity. The joints are constitutively modeled using beam elements and the influence of joint rotation on load distribution is examined through a static simulation study. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Devulapally, Deekshith Reddy and Martin, Sven and Tröster, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Non-rotationally symmetric joints – Mechanisms and load bearing capacity}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903131-183}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{60300,
  abstract     = {{This study focuses on the phenomenological change in material strength caused by a specific heat treatment and the subsequent analysis of the influence on the clinching process and the resulting joint properties. For this purpose, three series of tests were performed. In the first series of tests, the influence of heat treatment up to 340 °C on the mechanical properties of an age-hardenable AlMgSi alloy was investigated. Holding time and temperature were varied and the material strength was evaluated by tensile and hardness tests. Two strength-increasing and two strength-reducing heat treatment parameters were identified. In the second series of tests, selected heat treatment parameters were applied to a larger number of specimens and the joint strength was investigated by shear and head tensile tests. In the shear tensile test, mainly the properties of the punch-side material have an influence on the resulting joint strength. A change in strength of the die-side material can be neglected. In contrast, the properties of both sheets are important in the head tensile test. The strength of the joint will only increase if the strength of both sheets is increased. In general, a strength increasing heat treatment resulted in higher joint strength. In the third series of tests, the factor of punch displacement was considered, which was demonstrated to directly influence the formation of the clinched joint geometry.}},
  author       = {{Steinfelder, Christian and Rempel, Dennis and Brosius, Alexander}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Joining by forming, Clinching, EN AW-6014, Heat treatment, Load-bearing capacity}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{60304,
  abstract     = {{The focus towards multi-material and lightweight assemblies, driven by legal requirements on reducing emissions and energy consumptions, reveals important drawbacks and disadvantages of established joining processes, such as welding. In this context, mechanical joining technologies, such as clinching, are becoming more and more relevant especially in the automotive industry. However, the availability of only few standards and almost none systematic design methods causes a still very time- and cost-intensive assembly development process considering mainly expert knowledge and a considerable amount of experimental studies. Motivated by this, the presented work introduces a novel approach for the methodical design and dimensioning of mechanically clinched assemblies. Therefore, the utilization of regression models, such as machine learning algorithms, combined with manufacturing knowledge ensures a reliable estimation of individual clinched joint characteristics. In addition, the implementation of an engineering workbench enables the following data-driven and knowledge-based generation of high-quality initial assembly designs already in early product development phases. In a subsequent analysis and adjustment, these designs are being improved while guaranteeing joining safety and loading conformity. The presented results indicate that the methodological approach can pave the way to a more systematic design process of mechanical joining assemblies, which can significantly shorten the required number of iteration loops and therefore the product development time.}},
  author       = {{Zirngibl, Christoph and Martin, Sven and Steinfelder, Christian and Schleich, Benjamin and Tröster, Thomas and Brosius, Alexander and Wartzack, Sandro}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  keywords     = {{Joining, Structural Analysis, Machine Learning}},
  location     = {{Erlangen-Nürnberg}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Methodical approach for the design and dimensioning of mechanical clinched assemblies}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-23}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{60302,
  abstract     = {{The combination of the mechanical properties of a clinched joint and of the material surrounding the joint determine the resulting properties of the component and joint. The cause and effect relationships between the joint and the joint environment offers the possibility of a specific modification through an adaptation in the design process. In order to identify these cause and effect relationships and resulting interactions experimentally, numerous of experiments are required. In this publication, a concept for the automated manufacturing of head tensile test and shear tensile test specimens – from cutting to clinching – by using a punch laser machine is presented. Based on a full-factorial experimental design, the parameters change of the properties of the joint environment by beading and change of the punch displacement are addressed. The influence on the properties of the clinched specimen is evaluated based on the variables Stiffness, force at the beginning of yielding and maximum force at head tensile loading and shear tensile loading. In addition, the geometric quality parameters of neck thickness, interlock and bottom thickness are evaluated. The relationships can be used to apply uniform loads to joints in joined structures to counteract oversizing.}},
  author       = {{Steinfelder, Christian and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  keywords     = {{Sheet Metal, Joining, Stiffness}},
  location     = {{Erlangen-Nürnberg}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Experimental investigation of the cause and effect relationships between the joint and the component during clinching}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644902417-19}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{30629,
  abstract     = {{Clinching is a joining process that is becoming more and more important in industry due to the increasing use of multi-material designs. Despite the already widespread use of the process, there is still a need for research to understand the mechanisms and design of clinched joints. In contrast to the tool parameters, process and material disturbances have not yet been investigated to a relatively large extent. However, these also have a great influence on the properties and applicability of clinching. The effect of process disturbances on the clinched joint are investigated with numerical and experimental methods. The investigated process variations are the history of the sheets using the pre-hardening of the material, different sheet thicknesses, sheet arrangements and punch strokes. For the consideration of the material history, a specimen geometry for pre-stretching specimens in uniaxial tension is used, from which the pre-stretched secondary specimens are taken. A finite element model is set up for the numerical investigations. Suitable clinching tools are selected. With the simulation, selected process influences can be examined. The effort of the numerical investigations is considerably reduced with the help of a statistical experimental design according to Taguchi. To confirm the simulation results, experimental investigations of the clinch point geometry by using micrographs and the shear strength of the clinched joint are performed. The analysis of the influence of difference disturbance factors on the clinching process demonstrate the importance of the holistic view of the clinching process.}},
  author       = {{Steinfelder, C. and Acksteiner, J. and Guilleaume, C. and Brosius, A.}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of the interactions between joint and component properties during clinching}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-021-01102-x}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34216,
  abstract     = {{Mechanical joining technologies are increasingly used in multi-material lightweight constructions and offer opportunities to create versatile joining processes due to their low heat input, robustness to metallurgical incompatibilities and various process variants. They can be categorised into technologies which require an auxiliary joining element, or do not require an auxiliary joining element. A typical example for a mechanical joining process with auxiliary joining element is self-piercing riveting. A wide range of processes exist which are not requiring an auxiliary joining element. This allows both point-shaped (e.g., by clinching) and line-shaped (e.g., friction stir welding) joints to be produced. In order to achieve versatile processes, challenges exist in particular in the creation of intervention possibilities in the process and the understanding and handling of materials that are difficult to join, such as fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) or high-strength metals. In addition, predictive capability is required, which in particular requires accurate process simulation. Finally, the processes must be measured non-destructively in order to generate control variables in the process or to investigate the cause-effect relationship. This paper covers the state of the art in scientific research concerning mechanical joining and discusses future challenges on the way to versatile mechanical joining processes.}},
  author       = {{Meschut, Gerson and Merklein, M. and Brosius, A. and Drummer, D. and Fratini, L. and Füssel, U. and Gude, M. and Homberg, Werner and Martins, P.A.F. and Bobbert, Mathias and Lechner, M. and Kupfer, R. and Gröger, B. and Han, Daxin and Kalich, J. and Kappe, Fabian and Kleffel, T. and Köhler, D. and Kuball, C.-M. and Popp, J. and Römisch, D. and Troschitz, J. and Wischer, Christian and Wituschek, S. and Wolf, M.}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Review on mechanical joining by plastic deformation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100113}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34069,
  author       = {{Schramm, Britta and Martin, Sven and Steinfelder, Christian and Bielak, Christian Roman and Brosius, Alexander and Meschut, Gerson and Tröster, Thomas and Wallmersperger, Thomas and Mergheim, Julia}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A Review on the Modeling of the Clinching Process Chain - Part I: Design Phase}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100133}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29951,
  abstract     = {{The components of a body in white consist of many individual thin-walled sheet metal parts, which usually are manufactured in deep-drawing processes. In general, the conditions in a deep-drawing process change due to changing tribology conditions, varying degrees of spring back, or scattering material properties in the sheet blanks, which affects the resulting pre-strain. Mechanical joining processes, especially clinching, are influenced by these process-related pre-strains. The final geometric shape of a clinched joint is affected to a significant level by the prior material deformation when joining with constant process parameters. That leads to a change in the stiffness and force transmission in the clinched joint due to the different geometric dimensions, such as interlock, neck thickness and bottom thickness, which directly affect the load bearing capacity. Here, the influence of the pre-straining in the deep drawing process on the force distribution in clinch points in an automotive assembly is investigated by finite-element models numerically. In further studies, the results are implemented in an optimization tool for designing clinched components. The methodology starts with a pre-straining of metal sheets. This step is followed by 2D rotationally symmetric forming simulations of the joining process. The resulting mesh of each forming simulation is rotated and 3D models are obtained. The clinched joint solid model with pre-strains is used further to determine the joint stiffnesses. With the simulation of the same test set-up with an equivalent point-connector model, the equivalent stiffness for each pre-strain combination is determined. Simulations are performed on a clinched component to assess the influence of pre-strain and sheet thinning on the clinched joint loadings by using the equivalent stiffnesses. The investigations clearly show that for the selected component, the loadings at the clinch points are dependent on the sheet thinning and the stiffnesses due to pre-strain. The magnitude of the influence varies depending on the quantity considered. For example, the shear force is more sensitive to the joint stiffness than to the sheet thinning.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Martin, Sven and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Tröster, Thomas and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical investigation of the clinched joint loadings considering the initial pre-strain in the joining area}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-021-01103-w}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32813,
  author       = {{Martin, Sven and Kurtusic, Kristijan and Tröster, Thomas}},
  journal      = {{Key Engineering Materials}},
  location     = {{Braga}},
  title        = {{{Influence of the Surrounding Sheet Geometry on a Clinched Joint}}},
  doi          = {{  https://doi.org/10.4028/p-09md1c}},
  volume       = {{927}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30648,
  abstract     = {{In clinching, the combinations of requirements, materials, component dimensions and tools influence the resulting joint geometry and the resulting bonding mechanisms. These in turn affect the property profile of the joint. For example, it is possible to use different tools to flexibly adapt clinching points to the respective required load regime. Clinching points dimensioned in this way can be geometrically similar, but have different mechanical stress states, which leads to different properties in terms of load-bearing behavior. Within the scope of this work, the clinching process with different tools in optimal and compromise design and its effect on the force and form-closure component, is investigated in a torsion test of the clinched connection. Clinched steel sheets with two thicknesses and joining directions are analyzed. Virtual experiments are carried out using finite element analyses (FEA) of the joining process and are followed by a springback simulation. Subsequently, the surface pressure between the two joining partners in the clinching points is calculated on the basis of the results from the FEA and the transmittable moment of the connection, as an indicator for the force-closure component, is determined. Finally, the experimental and simulated data are compared and discussed.}},
  author       = {{Steinfelder, C. and Kalich, J. and Brosius, A. and Füssel, U.}},
  journal      = {{IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}},
  pages        = {{012003}},
  title        = {{{Numerical and experimental investigation of the transmission moment of clinching points}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1757-899x/1157/1/012003}},
  volume       = {{1157}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{30649,
  abstract     = {{Nowadays, the production of modern lightweight structures, like a body in white structure requires a wide variety of mechanical joining processes. To fulfill the various demands, mechanical joining processes and joining elements (JE) are used. Very often, they are adapted to the application, which leads in turn to a numerous of different variants, high costs, and loss of the process chain versatility. To overcome this drawback, an innovative approach is the usage of individually produced and task-adapted JE, the so-called friction spun joint connectors (FSJC). These connectors can be modified in shape as well as in material properties. This flexibility offers high potential for lightweight design but also increases the necessary analytical effort regarding the forming process as well as the manufactured joint's properties. Therefore, a new analysis strategy based on the Finite-Element-Method (FEM) is proposed, which numerically determines the local load bearing capacity within a given joint in order to identify the critical regions for load transfer. The process of joining element manufacturing and the analysis strategy will be described in detail and optimization results of the joints are shown. Numerical results are discussed and possible recommendations for joint manufacturing are derived.}},
  author       = {{Wischer, Christian and Steinfelder, Christian and Homberg, Werner and Brosius, Alexander}},
  journal      = {{IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}},
  pages        = {{012007}},
  title        = {{{Joining with Friction Spun Joint Connectors – Manufacturing and Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1757-899x/1157/1/012007}},
  volume       = {{1157}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}