@article{61822,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
          <jats:p>The effect of corrosion on mechanically joined components is not well understood. While recent research shows that a brief exposure of clinched specimens to a salt spray environment improves the specimens’ fatigue life, other research shows a decrease in load bearing capabilities with increasing corrosion times. These studies primarily focus on galvanic corrosion. It is not entirely clear how other corrosion phenomena, such as pitting corrosion, affect the fatigue life of clinched joints. In this work, a numerical model is used, which is able to simulate corrosion pit growth in EN AW-6014. The experimental polarization data of EN AW-6014 are used directly in the calculation of the interface kinetics parameter of the model.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Harzheim, Sven and Chen, Chin and Hollmer, Katharina and Hofmann, Martin and Zimmermann, Martina and Wallmersperger, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0001-5970}},
  journal      = {{Acta Mechanica}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical investigation of pitting corrosion in clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00707-025-04248-2}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{62724,
  abstract     = {{Durch eine zunehmende Verbreitung von Clinchverbindungen in industriellen Anwendungen spielt die Zuverlässigkeit der Fügeverbindung eine immer größere Rolle. Insbesondere Mehrfachanordnungen von Clinchpunkten wurden bisher nur selten untersucht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Zuverlässigkeit von gefügten Proben mit einer Mehrfachanordnung von Clinchpunkten unter zyklischer Beanspruchung untersucht. Ziel ist es, die Wechselwirkung benachbarter Clinchpunkte und deren Einfluss auf die Ermüdungslebensdauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden Proben mit variierenden Fügepunktabständen hergestellt und in Versuchsreihen zyklisch belastet. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die räumliche Anordnung der Clinchpunkte das Ermüdungsverhalten beeinflusst. Es wurde festgestellt, dass bei Mehrfachanordnungen sowohl der Fügepunktabstand als auch der Abstand der Fügepunkte zum Bauteilrand in Belastungsrichtung einen Einflussfaktor darstellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Lebensdauervorhersage gefügter Strukturen und bildet eine Grundlage für weiterführende Untersuchungen zu Gestaltungsempfehlungen.}},
  author       = {{Wolf, Eugen and Hollmer, Katharina and Zimmermann, Martina and Brosius, Alexander}},
  booktitle    = {{43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-454-9}},
  keywords     = {{Clinchverbindungen, Zyklische Beanspruchung, Versagensverhalten}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  pages        = {{317 -- 322}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit gefügter Proben mit einer Mehrfachanordnung von Clinchpunkten unter zyklischer Beanspruchung}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{61797,
  author       = {{Hollmer, Katharina and Kuczyk, Martin and Friedlein, Johannes and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  title        = {{{Charakterisierung des Verformungszustandes gleichartiger Stahl-Stahl-Clinchverbindungen durch Anwendung quantitativer Bildanalyse }}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{38509,
  author       = {{Brosius, Alexander and Ewenz, Lars and Stephan, Richard and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-88355-430-3}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Anrisserkennung an geclinchten Proben während einer zyklischen Belastung unter Nutzung eines Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometers}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{38511,
  author       = {{Ewenz, Lars and Kuczyk, Martin and Schöne, S.  and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  location     = {{Dresden}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Ableitung flacher Probengeometrien zur Abbildung mehraxialer Spannungszustände in Clinchverbindungen unter zyklischer Beanspruchung}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{38507,
  author       = {{Ewenz, Lars and Kühne, R. and Schöne, S. and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022}},
  editor       = {{Zimmermann, Martina}},
  publisher    = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchungen zum Geometrie- und Frequenzeinfluss bei der Ermittlung zyklischer Kennwerte geclinchter Überlappverbindungen}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{34213,
  abstract     = {{In this paper, a study based on experimental and numerical simulations is performed to analyze fatigue cracks in clinched joints. An experimental investigation is conducted to determine the failure modes of clinched joints under cyclic loading at different load amplitudes with single-lap shear tests. In addition, numerical FEM simulations of clinching process and subsequent shear loading are performed to support the experimental investigations by analyzing the state of stresses at the location of failure. An attempt is made to explain the location of crack initiation in the experiments using evaluation variables such as contact shear stress and maximum principal stress.}},
  author       = {{Ewenz, L. and Bielak, Christian Roman and Otroshi, Mortaza and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Zimmermann, M.}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2-3}},
  pages        = {{305--313}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical and experimental identification of fatigue crack initiation sites in clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01124-z}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30624,
  abstract     = {{In addition to brazing and welding processes, mechanical joining processes such as clinching are increasingly being used. Clinch joints offer an advantage over metallurgical joining processes by giving the possibility of joining different material combinations without typical drawbacks. Thereby clinching offers an enormous advantage for lightweight construction. An additional benefit is a great variability in the geometric shapes of the toolsets, which ensure optimum adaptation of the clinching process on variations of the joining elements such as e.g. the sheet thickness. However, the vast variability is also one of the major challenges regarding the prediction of the joint reliability. In the work presented, the effect of different toolset geometries was investigated with a particular focus on the interaction between geometrical features and deformation-induced microstructural changes. Light optical and electron microscopy techniques, as well as micro-hardness measurements, were performed. The results were evaluated and discussed concerning the material's deformation behavior, the change in geometrical shape and the microstructural evolution due to the different tool geometries. The findings point out the main influence factors regarding the mechanical properties in general and the fatigue behavior in particular.}},
  author       = {{Ewenz, L. and Kuczyk, M. and Zimmermann, M.}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  title        = {{{Effect of the tool geometry on microstructure and geometrical features of clinched aluminum}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2021.100091}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34253,
  abstract     = {{Lightweight construction has increasingly become the focus of scientific research in recent years, not least due to
the constantly increasing fuel price, which is a key factor in the economic viability of many companies. In this
respect, the use of hybrid structures, made of dissimilar materials offers many advantages. However, such hybrid
structures often have undesirable side effects. For example, brittle intermetallic phases are formed when
aluminum and steel are welded. Clinching as a mechanical joining process does not produce such intermetallic
phases since the connection is realized through form and force closure. In this process, a punch passes through
two or more sheets and forms them into a permanent joint in a die. In the present work, the corrosion phenomena
of an aluminum-steel clinched joint have been investigated by both experiments and numerical simulations in
order to explain the superior fatigue behavior of pre-corroded joints. Therefore, the clinched joints have been
corroded by a three-week salt-spray test. In addition, the electric potential and the von Mises stress are calculated
under the assumption of a static loading. The results of both experiments and numerical simulations can explain
the improvement in the fatigue behavior of the corroded specimens. This phenomenon can be attributed to the
accumulation of corrosion products in small gaps between the joined metal sheets.}},
  author       = {{Harzheim, Sven and Ewenz, Lars and Zimmermann, Martina and Wallmersperger, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Corrosion Phenomena and Fatigue Behavior of Clinched Joints: Numerical and Experimental Investigations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100130}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34252,
  abstract     = {{Clinching is the manufacturing process of joining two or more metal sheets under high plastic deformation by form and force closure without thermal support and auxiliary parts. Clinch connections are applicable to difficult-to-join hybrid material combinations, such as steel and aluminum. Therefore, this technology is interesting for the application of AISI 304 components, as this material is widely used as a highly formable sheet material. A characteristic feature of AISI 304 is its metastability, i.e., the face-centered cubic (fcc) γ-austenite can transform into a significantly stronger body-centered cubic (bcc) α’-martensite under plastic deformation. This work investigates the effect of heat treatment—a process that involves the formation of an oxidation layer on the sheet surface—on the forming process during joining and the resulting mechanical properties of clinch joints made from AISI 304. For this purpose, different joints made from non-heat treated and heat-treated sheets were examined using classical metallography and advanced SEM techniques, accompanied by further investigations, such as hardness and feritscope measurements. The shear tensile strength was determined, and the fracture behavior of the samples was investigated. Clear influences of heat-treatment-induced surface roughness on the joint geometry and strength were observed.}},
  author       = {{Zeuner, André Till and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Schöne, Sebastian and Füssel, Uwe and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Surface Roughness and Shear Tensile Strength of AISI 304 Clinch Joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12091514}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34215,
  abstract     = {{Clinching as a mechanical joining technique allows a fast and reliable joining of metal sheets in large-scale production. An efficient design and dimensioning of clinched joints requires a holistic understanding of the material, the joining process and the resulting properties of the joint. In this paper, the process chain for clinching metal sheets is described and experimental techniques are proposed to analyze the process-microstructure-property relationships from the sheet metal to the joined structure. At the example of clinching aluminum EN AW 6014, characterization methods are applied and discussed for the following characteristics: the mechanical properties of the sheet materials, the tribological behavior in the joining system, the joining process and the resulting material structure, the load-bearing behavior of the joint, the damage and degradation as well as the service life and crack growth behavior. The compilation of the characterization methods gives an overview on the advantages and weaknesses of the methods and the multiple interactions of material, process and properties during clinching. In addition, the results of the analyses on EN AW 6014 can be applied for parameterization and validation of simulations.}},
  author       = {{Kupfer, Robert and Köhler, Daniel and Römisch, David and Wituschek, Simon and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Weiß, Deborah and Sadeghian, Behdad and Busch, Matthias and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Troschitz, Juliane}},
  issn         = {{2666-3309}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Clinching of Aluminum Materials – Methods for the Continuous Characterization of Process, Microstructure and Properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100108}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30963,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, a study based on experimental and numerical simulations is performed to analyze fatigue cracks in clinched joints. An experimental investigation is conducted to determine the failure modes of clinched joints under cyclic loading at different load amplitudes with single-lap shear tests. In addition, numerical FEM simulations of clinching process and subsequent shear loading are performed to support the experimental investigations by analyzing the state of stresses at the location of failure. An attempt is made to explain the location of crack initiation in the experiments using evaluation variables such as contact shear stress and maximum principal stress.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Ewenz, Lars and Bielak, Christian Roman and Otroshi, Mortaza and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson and Zimmermann, Martina}},
  issn         = {{0944-6524}},
  journal      = {{Production Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2-3}},
  pages        = {{305--313}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Numerical and experimental identification of fatigue crack initiation sites in clinched joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01124-z}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30663,
  abstract     = {{The use of clinch joints, e.g. vehicle structures, is determined by the reliability of the joint and its strength properties - in particular the fatigue strength. Clinch connections offer the advantage over form-closure and force-closure processes that they can also be used for hybrid material combinations. In order to be able to evaluate the influence of the geometry parameters such as e.g. undercut, neck thickness or also base thickness on the fatigue behavior, three clinch connections (in optimum and compromise design) with different tool parameters were designed and examined using the example of a joining task with aluminum sheet material. For this purpose, fatigue curves (F-N curves) in the range of high to very high numbers of load cycles (N = 105 to 107) were determined. In this load cycle range, a so-called "neck fracture" is mainly to be expected as the type of failure, whereas for quasi-static tests, a “buckling” is more likely to occur. The tests were carried out on single-cut overlapping shear tensile specimens. Metallographic and scanning electron microscopic examinations of the joints and the fracture surfaces served to identify the crack initiation site and to clarify the respective type of failure. Significant differences in the damage behaviour of the three clinching variants could be shown. This observation enables one step into the direction of fully understanding the relationship along the causal chain "joint requirements - joining process - fatigue strength". Thus the adaptability of the clinching process can be improved. }},
  author       = {{Ewenz, L. and Kalich, J. and Zimmermann, M. and Füssel, U.}},
  journal      = {{Key Engineering Materials}},
  pages        = {{65--72}},
  title        = {{{Effect of Different Tool Geometries on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Al Clinch Joints}}},
  doi          = {{10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.883.65}},
  volume       = {{883}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{30711,
  author       = {{Ewenz, L. and Schettler, S. and Zeuner, A. T. and Zimmermann, M.}},
  journal      = {{Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2020. Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand. Prüftechnik - Kennwertermit}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Geometrieparametern bei artgleichen Al-Clinchverbindungen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten im Bereich hoher bis sehr hoher Lastspielzahlen}}},
  doi          = {{10.48447/WP-2020-039}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}