---
_id: '62269'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established
for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at
room temperature. Nevertheless, compatibility with certain quantum light sources
and superconducting detectors requires operation under cryogenic conditions. We
characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate
spontaneous parametric down-conversion process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm,
under cryogenic conditions. Despite the effects of pyroelectricity and photorefraction,
the spectral properties match our theoretical model. Nevertheless, these effects
cause small but significant variations within and between cooling cycles. These
measurements provide a first benchmark against which other nonlinear photonic
integration platforms, such as thin-film lithium niobate, can be compared.
article_number: '50451'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nina Amelie
full_name: Lange, Nina Amelie
id: '56843'
last_name: Lange
orcid: 0000-0001-6624-7098
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Mues, Philipp
id: '49772'
last_name: Mues
orcid: 0000-0003-0643-7636
- first_name: Viktor
full_name: Quiring, Viktor
last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Werner
full_name: Ridder, Werner
id: '63574'
last_name: Ridder
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Lange NA, Lengeling S, Mues P, et al. Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency
conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. Optics
Express. 2025;33(24). doi:10.1364/oe.578108
apa: Lange, N. A., Lengeling, S., Mues, P., Quiring, V., Ridder, W., Eigner, C.,
Herrmann, H., Silberhorn, C., & Bartley, T. (2025). Widely non-degenerate
nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate
waveguides. Optics Express, 33(24), Article 50451. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108
bibtex: '@article{Lange_Lengeling_Mues_Quiring_Ridder_Eigner_Herrmann_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025,
title={Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium
in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1364/oe.578108},
number={2450451}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group},
author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Quiring,
Viktor and Ridder, Werner and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn,
Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Lange, Nina Amelie, Sebastian Lengeling, Philipp Mues, Viktor Quiring,
Werner Ridder, Christof Eigner, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim
Bartley. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Cryogenic Titanium
in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” Optics Express 33, no. 24 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.578108.
ieee: 'N. A. Lange et al., “Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion
in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” Optics Express,
vol. 33, no. 24, Art. no. 50451, 2025, doi: 10.1364/oe.578108.'
mla: Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Widely Non-Degenerate Nonlinear Frequency Conversion
in Cryogenic Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” Optics Express,
vol. 33, no. 24, 50451, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:10.1364/oe.578108.
short: N.A. Lange, S. Lengeling, P. Mues, V. Quiring, W. Ridder, C. Eigner, H. Herrmann,
C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Optics Express 33 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-20T10:35:35Z
date_updated: 2025-12-12T12:13:45Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '288'
doi: 10.1364/oe.578108
intvolume: ' 33'
issue: '24'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher
Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren'
publication: Optics Express
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1094-4087
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium
in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '49683'
volume: 33
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '60466'
author:
- first_name: Julian
full_name: Brockmeier, Julian
id: '44807'
last_name: Brockmeier
- first_name: Timon
full_name: Schapeler, Timon
id: '55629'
last_name: Schapeler
orcid: 0000-0001-7652-1716
- first_name: Nina Amelie
full_name: Lange, Nina Amelie
id: '56843'
last_name: Lange
orcid: 0000-0001-6624-7098
- first_name: Jan Philipp
full_name: Höpker, Jan Philipp
id: '33913'
last_name: Höpker
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Brockmeier J, Schapeler T, Lange NA, et al. Harnessing temporal dispersion
for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation
processes. New Journal of Physics. Published online 2025. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c
apa: Brockmeier, J., Schapeler, T., Lange, N. A., Höpker, J. P., Herrmann, H., Silberhorn,
C., & Bartley, T. (2025). Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump
filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes. New Journal
of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c
bibtex: '@article{Brockmeier_Schapeler_Lange_Höpker_Herrmann_Silberhorn_Bartley_2025,
title={Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous
heralded single-photon generation processes}, DOI={10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c},
journal={New Journal of Physics}, author={Brockmeier, Julian and Schapeler, Timon
and Lange, Nina Amelie and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn,
Christine and Bartley, Tim}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Brockmeier, Julian, Timon Schapeler, Nina Amelie Lange, Jan Philipp Höpker,
Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, and Tim Bartley. “Harnessing Temporal Dispersion
for Integrated Pump Filtering in Spontaneous Heralded Single-Photon Generation
Processes.” New Journal of Physics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c.
ieee: 'J. Brockmeier et al., “Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated
pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes,” New
Journal of Physics, 2025, doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c.'
mla: Brockmeier, Julian, et al. “Harnessing Temporal Dispersion for Integrated Pump
Filtering in Spontaneous Heralded Single-Photon Generation Processes.” New
Journal of Physics, 2025, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c.
short: J. Brockmeier, T. Schapeler, N.A. Lange, J.P. Höpker, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn,
T. Bartley, New Journal of Physics (2025).
date_created: 2025-06-30T08:58:37Z
date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:21:29Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher
Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren'
publication: New Journal of Physics
status: public
title: Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous
heralded single-photon generation processes
type: journal_article
user_id: '56843'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '51356'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Abstract\r\n Lithium niobate
has emerged as a promising platform for integrated quantum optics, enabling efficient
generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light. However, integrating
single-photon detectors requires cryogenic operating temperatures, since the best
performing detectors are based on narrow superconducting wires. While previous
studies have demonstrated the operation of quantum light sources and electro-optic
modulators in LiNbO3 at cryogenic temperatures, the thermal
transition between room temperature and cryogenic conditions introduces additional
effects that can significantly influence device performance. In this paper, we
investigate the generation of pyroelectric charges and their impact on the optical
properties of lithium niobate waveguides when changing from room temperature to
25 K, and vice versa. We measure the generated pyroelectric charge flow and correlate
this with fast changes in the birefringence acquired through the Sénarmont-method.
Both electrical and optical influence of the pyroelectric effect occur predominantly
at temperatures above 100 K."
article_number: '015402'
author:
- first_name: Frederik
full_name: Thiele, Frederik
id: '50819'
last_name: Thiele
orcid: 0000-0003-0663-5587
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Hummel, Thomas
id: '83846'
last_name: Hummel
orcid: 0000-0001-8627-2119
- first_name: Nina Amelie
full_name: Lange, Nina Amelie
id: '56843'
last_name: Lange
orcid: 0000-0001-6624-7098
- first_name: Felix
full_name: Dreher, Felix
last_name: Dreher
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Protte, Maximilian
last_name: Protte
- first_name: Felix vom
full_name: Bruch, Felix vom
last_name: Bruch
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Thiele F, Hummel T, Lange NA, et al. Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate
during the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics. Materials
for Quantum Technology. 2024;4(1). doi:10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d
apa: Thiele, F., Hummel, T., Lange, N. A., Dreher, F., Protte, M., Bruch, F. vom,
Lengeling, S., Herrmann, H., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., & Bartley, T. (2024).
Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for cryogenic
integrated photonics. Materials for Quantum Technology, 4(1), Article
015402. https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d
bibtex: '@article{Thiele_Hummel_Lange_Dreher_Protte_Bruch_Lengeling_Herrmann_Eigner_Silberhorn_et
al._2024, title={Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal
transition for cryogenic integrated photonics}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d},
number={1015402}, journal={Materials for Quantum Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing},
author={Thiele, Frederik and Hummel, Thomas and Lange, Nina Amelie and Dreher,
Felix and Protte, Maximilian and Bruch, Felix vom and Lengeling, Sebastian and
Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and Silberhorn, Christine and et al.}, year={2024}
}'
chicago: Thiele, Frederik, Thomas Hummel, Nina Amelie Lange, Felix Dreher, Maximilian
Protte, Felix vom Bruch, Sebastian Lengeling, et al. “Pyroelectric Influence on
Lithium Niobate during the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics.”
Materials for Quantum Technology 4, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d.
ieee: 'F. Thiele et al., “Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during
the thermal transition for cryogenic integrated photonics,” Materials for Quantum
Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, Art. no. 015402, 2024, doi: 10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d.'
mla: Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Pyroelectric Influence on Lithium Niobate during
the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics.” Materials for Quantum
Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, 015402, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d.
short: F. Thiele, T. Hummel, N.A. Lange, F. Dreher, M. Protte, F. vom Bruch, S.
Lengeling, H. Herrmann, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Materials for Quantum
Technology 4 (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-16T07:56:44Z
date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:23:02Z
doi: 10.1088/2633-4356/ad207d
intvolume: ' 4'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences
- General Environmental Science
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher
Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren'
publication: Materials for Quantum Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2633-4356
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Pyroelectric influence on lithium niobate during the thermal transition for
cryogenic integrated photonics
type: journal_article
user_id: '56843'
volume: 4
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '44044'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Dispersion is present in every optical setup and is often an undesired effect,
especially in nonlinear-optical experiments where ultrashort laser pulses are
needed. Typically, bulky pulse compressors consisting of gratings or prisms are
used\r\nto address this issue by precompensating the dispersion of the optical
components. However, these devices are only able to compensate for a part of the
dispersion (second-order dispersion). Here, we present a compact pulse-shaping
device that uses plasmonic metasurfaces to apply an arbitrarily designed spectral
phase delay allowing for a full dispersion control. Furthermore, with specific
phase encodings, this device can be used to temporally reshape the incident laser
pulses into more complex pulse forms such as a double pulse. We verify the performance
of our device by using an SHG-FROG measurement setup together with a retrieval
algorithm to extract the dispersion that our device applies to an incident laser
pulse."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: René
full_name: Geromel, René
last_name: Geromel
- first_name: Philip
full_name: Georgi, Philip
last_name: Georgi
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Protte, Maximilian
id: '46170'
last_name: Protte
- first_name: Shiwei
full_name: Lei, Shiwei
last_name: Lei
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
- first_name: Lingling
full_name: Huang, Lingling
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
ama: Geromel R, Georgi P, Protte M, et al. Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping
Device. Nano Letters. 2023;23(8):3196-3201. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980
apa: Geromel, R., Georgi, P., Protte, M., Lei, S., Bartley, T., Huang, L., &
Zentgraf, T. (2023). Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device. Nano
Letters, 23(8), 3196–3201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980
bibtex: '@article{Geromel_Georgi_Protte_Lei_Bartley_Huang_Zentgraf_2023, title={Compact
Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device}, volume={23}, DOI={10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980},
number={8}, journal={Nano Letters}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)},
author={Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Lei, Shiwei
and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2023}, pages={3196–3201}
}'
chicago: 'Geromel, René, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Shiwei Lei, Tim Bartley,
Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping
Device.” Nano Letters 23, no. 8 (2023): 3196–3201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980.'
ieee: 'R. Geromel et al., “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping
Device,” Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3196–3201, 2023, doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980.'
mla: Geromel, René, et al. “Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device.”
Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 8, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023, pp.
3196–201, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980.
short: R. Geromel, P. Georgi, M. Protte, S. Lei, T. Bartley, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf,
Nano Letters 23 (2023) 3196–3201.
date_created: 2023-04-18T05:47:22Z
date_updated: 2023-05-12T11:17:51Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: zentgraf
date_created: 2023-04-18T05:50:19Z
date_updated: 2023-04-18T05:50:19Z
file_id: '44045'
file_name: acs.nanolett.2c04980.pdf
file_size: 1315966
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-04-18T05:50:19Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 23'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
- General Chemistry
- Bioengineering
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980
oa: '1'
page: 3196 - 3201
project:
- _id: '53'
name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142'
- _id: '55'
name: 'TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B'
- _id: '170'
name: 'TRR 142 - B09: TRR 142 - Subproject B09'
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142 - C07: TRR 142 - Subproject C07'
- _id: '56'
name: 'TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C'
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1530-6984
- 1530-6992
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 23
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '46468'
article_number: '023701'
author:
- first_name: Nina Amelie
full_name: Lange, Nina Amelie
id: '56843'
last_name: Lange
orcid: 0000-0001-6624-7098
- first_name: Timon
full_name: Schapeler, Timon
id: '55629'
last_name: Schapeler
orcid: 0000-0001-7652-1716
- first_name: Jan Philipp
full_name: Höpker, Jan Philipp
id: '33913'
last_name: Höpker
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Protte, Maximilian
id: '46170'
last_name: Protte
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Bartley, Tim
id: '49683'
last_name: Bartley
citation:
ama: Lange NA, Schapeler T, Höpker JP, Protte M, Bartley T. Degenerate photons from
a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. Physical Review
A. 2023;108(2). doi:10.1103/physreva.108.023701
apa: Lange, N. A., Schapeler, T., Höpker, J. P., Protte, M., & Bartley, T. (2023).
Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source.
Physical Review A, 108(2), Article 023701. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701
bibtex: '@article{Lange_Schapeler_Höpker_Protte_Bartley_2023, title={Degenerate
photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source}, volume={108},
DOI={10.1103/physreva.108.023701},
number={2023701}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society
(APS)}, author={Lange, Nina Amelie and Schapeler, Timon and Höpker, Jan Philipp
and Protte, Maximilian and Bartley, Tim}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Lange, Nina Amelie, Timon Schapeler, Jan Philipp Höpker, Maximilian Protte,
and Tim Bartley. “Degenerate Photons from a Cryogenic Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
Source.” Physical Review A 108, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.023701.
ieee: 'N. A. Lange, T. Schapeler, J. P. Höpker, M. Protte, and T. Bartley, “Degenerate
photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion source,” Physical
Review A, vol. 108, no. 2, Art. no. 023701, 2023, doi: 10.1103/physreva.108.023701.'
mla: Lange, Nina Amelie, et al. “Degenerate Photons from a Cryogenic Spontaneous
Parametric Down-Conversion Source.” Physical Review A, vol. 108, no. 2,
023701, American Physical Society (APS), 2023, doi:10.1103/physreva.108.023701.
short: N.A. Lange, T. Schapeler, J.P. Höpker, M. Protte, T. Bartley, Physical Review
A 108 (2023).
date_created: 2023-08-10T07:34:54Z
date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:24:16Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1103/physreva.108.023701
intvolume: ' 108'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '171'
name: 'TRR 142; TP C07: Hohlraum-verstärkte Parametrische Fluoreszenz mit zeitlicher
Filterung unter Verwendung integrierter supraleitender Detektoren'
publication: Physical Review A
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2469-9926
- 2469-9934
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
status: public
title: Degenerate photons from a cryogenic spontaneous parametric down-conversion
source
type: journal_article
user_id: '56843'
volume: 108
year: '2023'
...