@inproceedings{61057,
  abstract     = {{Verification and Validation (V&V) are essential processes in engineering Cyber-Physical Systems. However, the role of V&V engineers is often not given sufficient attention. Based on a systematic literature analysis and practical observations, a four-step method for Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE) is developed. The steps are planning V&V, executing V&V activities, documenting V&V activities and analyzing results of V&V activities. Applying ToRRE ensures continuous information flow and traceability. Engineers are enabled to analyze requirements using engineering artifacts connected through Model-Based Systems Engineering. Adopting methods for Model-Based Effect Chain analysis to evaluated test cases and test scenarios, conclusions on requirements engineering and change management are enabled. The method is evaluated in an EU research project.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
  issn         = {{2732-527X}},
  keywords     = {{systems engineering (SE), product modelling/models, design methods, verification & validation, test cases & test scenarios}},
  location     = {{Dallas, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{3031--3040}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
  title        = {{{Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives}}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10317}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{61060,
  abstract     = {{In early operational phases of severe weather events, a lack of
information challenges emergency management teams to gain
an overview of the situation and make informed decisions. To
support situational exploration, unmanned aerial and ground
vehicles attract increasing attention, primarily used to
document operational sites. However, they offer further
potential in early operational phases. To ensure their reliable
use for exploration, decision-makers must be aware of
opportunities and limitations under prevailing conditions. For
this, use cases for robotic simulation in emergency response
are presented, considering technical restrictions and dynamic
influences from weather impacts. The approach of integrating
rescue robot simulation into the response phase is developed
following a five-step research design. Existing use cases of
rescue robot simulation are identified in a systematic literature
analysis. The results are extended with use cases developed for
urban flooding scenarios. Subsequently, use cases are assessed
and selected for implementation in the simulation environment
Gazebo. Finally, the results are validated with end users in the
EU research project CREXDATA, which focuses on decision
support based on processing extreme data. The implemented
use cases demonstrate the potential of robotic simulation in
emergency response to accelerate action planning in decisionmaking and provide a more detailed picture, enabling betterinformed decisions. }},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Döhner, Niklas and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}},
  booktitle    = {{Mensch und Computer 2025 - Workshopband}},
  keywords     = {{robotic simulation, rescue robots, emergency response, extreme weather}},
  location     = {{Chemnitz}},
  title        = {{{Shifting boundaries from preparedness to response: Using simulation of rescue robots in weather-induced emergencies}}},
  doi          = {{10.18420/muc2025-mci-ws01-187}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{61109,
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Özcan, Deniz and Döhner, Niklas and Pratzler-Wanczura, Sylvia and Derin, Enes and Krüger, Oliver and Kruijff-Korbayova, Ivana and Stampa, Merlin}},
  location     = {{Koblenz, Deutschland}},
  pages        = {{81--94}},
  publisher    = {{LibreCat University}},
  title        = {{{EU-Projekt CREXDATA: Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen zum Einsatz KI-generierter Lageinformationen für die Lagebewertung und Maßnahmenplanung in Extremwetterlagen}}},
  doi          = {{10.5281/ZENODO.16740824}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{61103,
  abstract     = {{Verification planning for engineering complex systems lacks a systematic procedure for creating test scenarios. Test scenarios can be generated by combining test cases, or by integrating test cases into pre-specified scenarios. Based on a systematic literature analysis a method is developed to simplify verification planning by creating new test scenarios and enriching existing ones. To assist the V&V engineer in planning test scenarios, a catalogue of combination premises is created to support the method. The method is evaluated in the development of a platform for emergency management. Evaluation proves that the method makes modelling of test scenarios more efficient.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia CIRP}},
  issn         = {{2212-8271}},
  keywords     = {{Systems Engineering, test scenario creation, verification, customer involvement}},
  location     = {{Patras, Greece}},
  pages        = {{213--218}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Method for systematic creation of test scenarios for early customer involvement}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.038}},
  volume       = {{136}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{54522,
  abstract     = {{The importance of extreme weather situations is increasing due to their number and, above all, their impact on stakeholders in emergency response. They are characterized by cascading effects with global and local interdependencies. Extreme data must be included as a basis for decision-making. The impact in emergency response depends on diverse, multidisciplinary competencies required to interpret information. Scenarios are used in various forms of preparation: in exercises, but also for the design of information systems and validation. Based on literature, this article brings together different types of scenarios and related work in the field of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Using an exemplary case relating to possible pluvial urban floods, the added value resulting from a focus on the impact of innovative solutions is discussed. It is shown that the use of scenarios helps to make the desired impact assessable for decision-makers in all phases of research and development projects.}},
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 21st ISCRAM Conference (ISCRAM 2024)}},
  editor       = {{Penkert, Berthold and Hellingrath, Bernd and Rode, Monika and Widera, Adam and Middelhoff, Michael and Boersma, Kees and Kalthöner, Matthias}},
  location     = {{Münster}},
  publisher    = {{ISCRAM}},
  title        = {{{Uncovering Impact of Innovation: Continuous Stakeholder Engagement through Scenario-based Systems Engineering}}},
  doi          = {{10.5281/ZENODO.11298332}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56072,
  abstract     = {{Weather-induced emergencies are characterized by underlying weather phenomena, their evolution in time and space as well as their impact on the environment including people, nature and infrastructure. Typically, simulations are used to consider a variety of potential extreme weather scenarios in preparedness phases. Due to required computing power, duration and high efforts in parameterizing such tools are hardly used within response situations. Enhanced simulation models and surrogate models based on machine learning technologies carry potentials to overcome
these challenges. An approach is presented that adopts simulation for the case of flooding events. It considers all phases from demand situation in command posts through advanced parameter space exploration to advanced visualization of simulation results in Augmented Reality. Initial evaluation results are presented, complemented by conclusions on incorporated technologies. The results contribute to future adoption of simulation even in time-critical
response situations.}},
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}},
  booktitle    = {{Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband}},
  keywords     = {{extreme weather, emergency response, simulation, Augmented Reality}},
  location     = {{Karlsruhe}},
  publisher    = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}},
  title        = {{{Extending the application of simulation from preparedness to response use cases in weather-induced emergencies}}},
  doi          = {{10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws13-209}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57300,
  abstract     = {{Engineering methodologies for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) call for planning simulations and physical testing in early phases of product creation. Even in Model-Based Systems Engineering, there is a lack of systematic support that results in avoidable costs and iterations in the engineering process. Planning test cases and test scenarios along the product engineering process is not sufficiently integrated in terms of support especially for verification and validation engineers. Based on a systematic literature review, concepts for model-based planning of testing are developed. Characteristics of test cases and test scenarios of CPS are systematically identified. Generic templates for the creation of test cases and scenarios are derived. Based on the templates, a System Modeling Language (SysML) profile extension is developed which enables intuitive modelling of test cases and scenarios. The SysML profile is evaluated in a sample System-of-Systems in Disaster Response. It subsumes various types of sensor systems like rescue robotics, data science algorithms and visualization technologies like Augmented Reality to support decisions in extreme weather events. The templates and SysML profile significantly add value for engineers in the early and systematic planning of verification and validation.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}},
  booktitle    = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)}},
  keywords     = {{Systems Engineering, Systems verification, System testing}},
  location     = {{Perugia}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Model-based planning of test cases and test scenarios to support engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/isse63315.2024.10741135}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{58233,
  abstract     = {{Extreme weather situations increasingly lead to hazardous situations with high demands on de-cision-making and communication. Weather and impact forecasts serve to prepare for such an emergency situation, and extreme data must be processed during operations. Therefore, extreme data is categorised with reference to global weather data and data from local situation reconnais-sance using sensors carried by mobile robots. A concept is presented in which information quality is explicitly considered in visualization for situational awareness. This extends existing principles of information visualisation with regard to the uncertainty resulting from extreme data. The re-sults are intended to help decision-makers at different management levels to make informed decisions.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Hieb, Michael and Pratzler-Wanczura, Sylvia and Krüger, Oliver and Kruijff, Ivana and Rupp, Nicola}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the Days of Security Research 2023}},
  editor       = {{Bernsdorf, Bodo}},
  location     = {{Dortmund}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola}},
  title        = {{{Weather-induced emergency situations: Extreme data in situational awareness and visualisation}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57309,
  author       = {{Safranoglou, Ioannis and Stavroulakis, Alexis and Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Lamprinakis, Georgios and Dimelli, Despina and Mania, Katerina}},
  booktitle    = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Augmented Reality for Real-Time Decision-Making in Flood Emergencies}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct64951.2024.00032}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{46988,
  abstract     = {{Extremwettersituationen sind durch die Kombination von globalen und lokalen Wirkzusammenhän-gen gekennzeichnet. In der Gefahrenanalyse und -reaktion ist deshalb der Umgang mit extremen Daten erforderlich, die von heterogenen Datenquellen bezogen und mittels unterschiedlicher Ver-fahren bis hin zum maschinellen Lernen ausgewertet werden. Die Visualisierung dieser zwangsläufig unsicherheitsbehafteten Daten stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Diese wirkt umso bedeutsamer, je weniger Fachexpertise in Bereichen wie Meteorologie, Geologie oder Sensortechnik in einer Füh-rungs- oder Leitstelle eingebunden werden kann. Das Management kritischer Situationen in Echtzeit bei extremen und komplexen Daten muss daher auf einer Bewertung der Informationsqualität von extremen Daten beruhen. Diese Bewertung ist abhängig vom Anwendungskontext in unterschiedli-chen Führungs- und Assistenzstellen sowie der verfügbaren Infrastruktur mit Geräten zur Visualisie-rung, Schnittstellen von Wetterdiensten, Sensorsysteme und Rettungsrobotik. Im Beitrag wird der Ansatz des EU-Projekts CREXDATA in Bezug auf mögliche pluviale Hochwassersituationen in Inns-bruck vorgestellt. Grundlage bildet die Kategorisierung von extremen Daten, die Schnittstellen zu Datenquellen mit globalem und lokalem Bezug sowie Anwendungsfälle für die Visualisierung von Informationen. Es werden somit Grundlagen präsentiert, die in allen Formen von geobasierten Lage- und Führungsinformationssystemen zum Einsatz kommen können.}},
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Rechberger, Christina and Hieb, Michael and Gräßler, Iris and Resch, Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{Tagungsband der Fachtagung Katastrophenforschung 2023}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-900397-11-1}},
  location     = {{Leoben}},
  pages        = {{26--29}},
  title        = {{{Extremwettersituationen in alpinen Gebieten: Management kritischer Situationen in Echtzeit bei extremen und komplexen Daten}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}