@article{64877,
  author       = {{Taheri, Behnood and Kopylov, Denis and Hammer, Manfred and Meier, Torsten and Förstner, Jens and Sharapova, Polina R.}},
  journal      = {{arXiv}},
  title        = {{{Gain-induced spectral non-degeneracy in type-II parametric down-conversion}}},
  doi          = {{10.48550/ARXIV.2603.01656}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{63744,
  abstract     = {{Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are an important resource used in various branches of quantum science and technology due to their unique helical structure and countably infinite basis. Generating light that simultaneously carries high-order orbital angular momenta and exhibits quantum correlations is a challenging task. In this work, we present a theoretical approach to the generation of correlated Schmidt modes carrying OAM via parametric down-conversion (PDC) in cascaded nonlinear systems (nonlinear interferometers) pumped by Laguerre–Gaussian beams. We demonstrate how the number of generated modes and their population can be controlled by varying the pump parameters, the gain of the PDC process, and the distance between the crystals. We investigate the angular displacement measurement uncertainty of these interferometers and demonstrate that it can overcome the classical shot noise limit.}},
  author       = {{Scharwald, Dennis and Gehse, Lucas and Sharapova, Polina}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  journal      = {{APL Photonics}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0229802}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63745,
  abstract     = {{Multimode squeezed light is an increasingly popular tool in photonic quantum technologies, including sensing, imaging, and computation. Meanwhile, the existing methods of its characterization are technically complicated, which reduces the level of squeezing, and mostly deal with a single mode at a time. Here, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we employ optical parametric amplification to characterize multiple squeezing eigenmodes simultaneously. We retrieve the shapes and squeezing degrees of all modes at once through direct detection followed by modal decomposition. This method is tolerant to inefficient detection and does not require a local oscillator. For a spectrally and spatially multimode squeezed vacuum, we characterize eight strongest spatial modes, obtaining squeezing and anti-squeezing values of up to −5.2 ± 0.2 dB and 8.6 ± 0.3 dB, respectively, despite the 50% detection loss. This work, being the first exploration of an optical parametric amplifier’s multimode capability for squeezing detection, paves the way for the real-time detection of multimode squeezing.}},
  author       = {{Barakat, Ismail and Kalash, Mahmoud and Scharwald, Dennis and Sharapova, Polina and Lindlein, Norbert and Chekhova, Maria}},
  issn         = {{2837-6714}},
  journal      = {{Optica Quantum}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/opticaq.524682}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{61245,
  author       = {{Barkhausen, Franziska and Ares Santos, Laura and Schumacher, Stefan and Sperling, Jan}},
  issn         = {{2469-9926}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.111.032404}},
  volume       = {{111}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62911,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In this paper, we theoretically study the spectral and temporal properties of pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) generated in lossy waveguides. Our theoretical approach is based on the formalism of Gaussian states and the Langevin equation, which is elaborated for weak parametric down-conversion and photon-number-unresolved click detection. Using the example of frequency-degenerate type-II SPDC generated under the pump-idler group-velocity-matching condition, we show how the joint-spectral intensity, mode structure, normalized second-order correlation function, and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference pattern depend on internal losses of the SPDC process. We found that the joint-spectral intensity is almost insensitive to internal losses, while the second-order correlation function shows a strong dependence on them, being different for the signal and idler beams in the presence of internal losses. Based on the sensitivity of the normalized second-order correlation function, we show how its measurement can be used to experimentally determine internal losses.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Kopylov, Denis A. and Stefszky, Michael and Meier, Torsten and Silberhorn, Christine and Sharapova, Polina R.}},
  issn         = {{2643-1564}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Research}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/zp72-7qwl}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60992,
  abstract     = {{Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit enhanced sensitivity and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with specific form of circular dichroism and TE-TM splitting. Such exceptional rings possess intriguing topologies as discussed earlier for condensed matter systems, but they remain virtually unexplored in presence of nonlinearity, for which our photonic platform is ideal. We find that when Kerr-type nonlinearity (or saturable gain) is introduced, the linear ER splits into two concentric ERs, with the larger-radius ring being a ring of third-order EPs. Transitioning from linear to nonlinear regime, we present a rigorous analysis of spectral topology and report enhanced and adjustable perturbation response in the nonlinear regime. Whereas certain features are specific to our system, the results on non-Hermitian spectral topology and nonlinearity-enhanced perturbation response are generic and equally relevant to a broad class of other nonlinear non-Hermitian systems, providing a universal framework for engineering ERs and EPs in nonlinear non-Hermitian systems.}},
  author       = {{Wingenbach, Jan and Ares Santos, Laura  and Ma, Xuekai and Sperling, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan}},
  journal      = {{Arxiv}},
  publisher    = {{Arxiv}},
  title        = {{{Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities}}},
  doi          = {{10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62980,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which is in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Kopylov, Denis A. and Offen, Christian and Ares, Laura and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan}},
  issn         = {{2643-1564}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Research}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/sv6z-v1gk}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@unpublished{62979,
  abstract     = {{We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which being in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.}},
  author       = {{Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Offen, Christian}},
  title        = {{{Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63562,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Entangled two-mode Gaussian states constitute an important building block for continuous variable quantum computing and communication protocols. In this work, we theoretically study two-mode bipartite states, which are extracted from multimode light generated via type-II parametric downconversion (PDC) in lossy waveguides. For these states, we demonstrate that the squeezing quantifies entanglement and we construct a measurement basis, which results in the maximal bipartite entanglement. We illustrate our findings by numerically solving the spatial master equation for PDC in a Markovian environment. The optimal measurement modes are compared with two widely used broadband bases: the Mercer–Wolf basis (the first-order coherence basis) and the Williamson–Euler basis.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Kopylov, Denis and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R.}},
  issn         = {{2835-0103}},
  journal      = {{APL Quantum}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0293116}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{61251,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>We theoretically investigate strategies for the deterministic creation of trains of time-bin entangled photons using an individual quantum emitter described by a Λ-type electronic system. We explicitly demonstrate the theoretical generation of linear cluster states with substantial numbers of entangled photonic qubits in full microscopic numerical simulations. The underlying scheme is based on the manipulation of ground state coherences through precise optical driving. One important finding is that the most easily accessible quality metrics, the achievable rotation fidelities, fall short in assessing the actual quantum correlations of the emitted photons in the face of losses. To address this, we explicitly calculate stabilizer generator expectation values as a superior gauge for the quantum properties of the generated many-photon state. With widespread applicability in other emitter and excitation–emission schemes also, our work lays the conceptual foundations for an in-depth practical analysis of time-bin entanglement based on full numerical simulations with predictive capabilities for realistic systems and setups, including losses and imperfections. The specific results shown in the present work illustrate that with controlled minimization of losses and realistic system parameters for quantum-dot type systems, useful linear cluster states of significant lengths can be generated in the calculations, discussing the possibility of scalability for quantum information processing endeavors.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bauch, David and Köcher, Nikolas and Heinisch, Nils and Schumacher, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{2835-0103}},
  journal      = {{APL Quantum}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Time-bin entanglement in the deterministic generation of linear photonic cluster states}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0214197}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{61253,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In the SUPER scheme (Swing-UP of the quantum EmitteR population), excitation of a quantum emitter is achieved with two off-resonant, red-detuned laser pulses. This allows the generation of high-quality single photons without the need of complex laser stray light suppression or careful spectral filtering. In the present work, we extend this promising method to quantum emitters, specifically semiconductor quantum dots, inside a resonant optical cavity. A significant advantage of the SUPER scheme is identified in that it eliminates re-excitation of the quantum emitter by suppressing photon emission during the excitation cycle. This, in turn, leads to almost ideal single-photon purity, overcoming a major factor typically limiting the quality of photons generated with quantum emitters in high-quality cavities. We further find that for cavity-mediated biexciton emission of degenerate photon pairs, the SUPER scheme leads to near-perfect biexciton initialization with very high values of polarization entanglement of emitted photon pairs.</jats:p>
          <jats:sec>
            <jats:title/>
            <jats:supplementary-material>
              <jats:permissions>
                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>
                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>
              </jats:permissions>
            </jats:supplementary-material>
          </jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Heinisch, Nils and Köcher, Nikolas and Bauch, David and Schumacher, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{2643-1564}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Research}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012017}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{62916,
  author       = {{Zhang, Hongdan and Zuo, Ruixin and Yang, Shidong and Trautmann, Alexander and Song, Xiaohong and Meier, Torsten and Yang, Weifeng}},
  booktitle    = {{High-Order Harmonic Generation in Solids}},
  isbn         = {{9789811279553}},
  publisher    = {{WORLD SCIENTIFIC}},
  title        = {{{Analyzing High-Order Harmonic Generation in Solids Based on Semi-Classical Recollision Models}}},
  doi          = {{10.1142/9789811279560_0006}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{62917,
  author       = {{Reichelt, Matthias and Zuo, Ruixin and Song, Xiaohong and Yang, Weifeng and Meier, Torsten}},
  booktitle    = {{High-Order Harmonic Generation in Solids}},
  isbn         = {{9789811279553}},
  publisher    = {{WORLD SCIENTIFIC}},
  title        = {{{High-Order Harmonic Generation in Semiconductors with Excitonic Effects}}},
  doi          = {{10.1142/9789811279560_0009}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62868,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>We theoretically investigate strategies for the deterministic creation of trains of time-bin entangled photons using an individual quantum emitter described by a Λ-type electronic system. We explicitly demonstrate the theoretical generation of linear cluster states with substantial numbers of entangled photonic qubits in full microscopic numerical simulations. The underlying scheme is based on the manipulation of ground state coherences through precise optical driving. One important finding is that the most easily accessible quality metrics, the achievable rotation fidelities, fall short in assessing the actual quantum correlations of the emitted photons in the face of losses. To address this, we explicitly calculate stabilizer generator expectation values as a superior gauge for the quantum properties of the generated many-photon state. With widespread applicability in other emitter and excitation–emission schemes also, our work lays the conceptual foundations for an in-depth practical analysis of time-bin entanglement based on full numerical simulations with predictive capabilities for realistic systems and setups, including losses and imperfections. The specific results shown in the present work illustrate that with controlled minimization of losses and realistic system parameters for quantum-dot type systems, useful linear cluster states of significant lengths can be generated in the calculations, discussing the possibility of scalability for quantum information processing endeavors.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bauch, David and Köcher, Nikolas and Heinisch, Nils and Schumacher, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{2835-0103}},
  journal      = {{APL Quantum}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Time-bin entanglement in the deterministic generation of linear photonic cluster states}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0214197}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@unpublished{43246,
  abstract     = {{The biexciton-exciton emission cascade commonly used in quantum-dot systems to generate polarization entanglement yields photons with intrinsically limited indistinguishability. In the present work we focus on the generation of pairs of photons with high degrees of polarization entanglement and simultaneously high indistinguishibility. We achieve this goal by selectively reducing the biexciton lifetime with an optical resonator. We demonstrate that a suitably tailored circular Bragg reflector fulfills the requirements of sufficient selective Purcell enhancement of biexciton emission paired with spectrally broad photon extraction and two-fold degenerate optical modes. Our in-depth theoretical study combines (i) the optimization of realistic photonic structures solving Maxwell's equations from which model parameters are extracted as input for (ii) microscopic simulations of quantum-dot cavity excitation dynamics with full access to photon properties. We report non-trivial dependencies on system parameters and use the predictive power of our combined theoretical approach to determine the optimal range of Purcell enhancement that maximizes indistinguishability and entanglement to near unity values in the telecom C-band at $1550\,\mathrm{nm}$.}},
  author       = {{Bauch, David and Siebert, Dustin and Jöns, Klaus and Förstner, Jens and Schumacher, Stefan}},
  keywords     = {{tet_topic_phc, tet_topic_qd}},
  title        = {{{On-demand indistinguishable and entangled photons at telecom frequencies using tailored cavity designs}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{44050,
  author       = {{Sperling, Jan and Agudelo, Elizabeth}},
  issn         = {{2469-9926}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review A}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Entanglement of particles versus entanglement of fields: Independent quantum resources}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physreva.107.042420}},
  volume       = {{107}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{42973,
  author       = {{Lüders, Carolin and Pukrop, Matthias and Barkhausen, Franziska and Rozas, Elena and Schneider, Christian and Höfling, Sven and Sperling, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan and Aßmann, Marc}},
  issn         = {{0031-9007}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Letters}},
  keywords     = {{General Physics and Astronomy}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Tracking Quantum Coherence in Polariton Condensates with Time-Resolved Tomography}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevlett.130.113601}},
  volume       = {{130}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{44044,
  abstract     = {{Dispersion is present in every optical setup and is often an undesired effect, especially in nonlinear-optical experiments where ultrashort laser pulses are needed. Typically, bulky pulse compressors consisting of gratings or prisms are used
to address this issue by precompensating the dispersion of the optical components. However, these devices are only able to compensate for a part of the dispersion (second-order dispersion). Here, we present a compact pulse-shaping device that uses plasmonic metasurfaces to apply an arbitrarily designed spectral phase delay allowing for a full dispersion control. Furthermore, with specific phase encodings, this device can be used to temporally reshape the incident laser pulses into more complex pulse forms such as a double pulse. We verify the performance of our device by using an SHG-FROG measurement setup together with a retrieval algorithm to extract the dispersion that our device applies to an incident laser pulse.}},
  author       = {{Geromel, René and Georgi, Philip and Protte, Maximilian and Lei, Shiwei and Bartley, Tim and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{1530-6984}},
  journal      = {{Nano Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, Bioengineering}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{3196 -- 3201}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Compact Metasurface-Based Optical Pulse-Shaping Device}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04980}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{45596,
  abstract     = {{Dielectric metasurfaces provide a unique platform for efficient harmonic generation and optical wavefront manipulation at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase and amplitude of a nonlinearly generated wave with a high emission efficiency using resonance-based metasurfaces is a challenging task that often requires state-of-the-art numerical methods. Here, we propose a simple yet effective approach combining a sampling method with a Monte Carlo approach to design the third-harmonic wavefront generated by all-dielectric metasurfaces composed of elliptical silicon nanodisks. Using this approach, we theoretically demonstrate the full nonlinear 2π phase control with a uniform and highest possible amplitude in the considered parameter space, allowing us to design metasurfaces operating as third harmonic beam deflectors capable of steering light into a desired direction with high emission efficiency. The TH beam deflection with a record calculated average conversion efficiency of 1.2 × 10–1 W–2 is achieved. We anticipate that the proposed approach will be widely applied as alternative to commonly used optimization algorithms with higher complexity and implementation effort for the design of metasurfaces with other holographic functionalities.}},
  author       = {{Hähnel, David and Förstner, Jens and Myroshnychenko, Viktor}},
  issn         = {{2330-4022}},
  journal      = {{ACS Photonics}},
  keywords     = {{tet_topic_meta}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Efficient Modeling and Tailoring of Nonlinear Wavefronts in Dielectric Metasurfaces}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01967}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{55900,
  author       = {{Scharwald, Dennis and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina}},
  issn         = {{2643-1564}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Research}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Phase sensitivity of spatially broadband high-gain SU(1,1) interferometers}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043158}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}