@inproceedings{16903,
  abstract     = {{We consider the clock synchronization problem in the (discrete) beeping model: Given a network of $n$ nodes with each node having a clock value $\delta(v) \in \{0,\ldots T-1\}$, the goal is to synchronize the clock values of all nodes such that they have the same value in any round.
As is standard in clock synchronization, we assume \emph{arbitrary activations} for all nodes, i.e., the nodes start their protocol at an arbitrary round (not limited to $\{0,\ldots,T-1\}$).
We give an asymptotically optimal algorithm that runs in $4D + \Bigl\lfloor \frac{D}{\lfloor T/4 \rfloor} \Bigr \rfloor \cdot (T \mod 4) = O(D)$ rounds, where $D$ is the diameter of the network.
Once all nodes are in sync, they beep at the same round every $T$ rounds.
The algorithm drastically improves on the $O(T D)$-bound of \cite{firefly_sync} (where $T$ is required to be at least $4n$, so the bound is no better than $O(nD)$).
Our algorithm is very simple as nodes only have to maintain $3$ bits in addition to the $\lceil \log T \rceil$ bits needed to maintain the clock.
Furthermore we investigate the complexity of \emph{self-stabilizing} solutions for the clock synchronization problem: We first show lower bounds of $\Omega(\max\{T,n\})$ rounds on the runtime and $\Omega(\log(\max\{T,n\}))$ bits of memory required for any such protocol.
Afterwards we present a protocol that runs in $O(\max\{T,n\})$ rounds using at most $O(\log(\max\{T,n\}))$ bits at each node, which is asymptotically optimal with regards to both, runtime and memory requirements.}},
  author       = {{Feldmann, Michael and Khazraei, Ardalan and Scheideler, Christian}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA)}},
  publisher    = {{ACM}},
  title        = {{{Time- and Space-Optimal Discrete Clock Synchronization in the Beeping Model}}},
  doi          = {{10.1145/3350755.3400246}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}