@phdthesis{63511,
  abstract     = {{Der unsystematische und ineffiziente Umgang mit technischen Änderungen führt zuhohen Personalkosten durch Mehraufwand, einer reduzierten Entscheidungsqualität und kannin Projektfehlschlägen resultieren. Herausforderungen beim Umgang mit technischen Änderungenliegen in der Berücksichtigung relevanter Ursache-Wirkungs-Zusammenhänge, der quantitativen und qualitativen Bewertung der Auswirkungen und der effizienten prozessualen Einbindung. Mithilfe eines modellbasierten Lösungsansatzes lassen sich die Auswirkungen technischer Änderungen schneller bewerten und fundierte Entwicklungsentscheidungen treffen. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird eine Methodik für die Entwicklung modell-basierter Wirkkettenanalysen zur Bewertung technischer Änderungen beschrieben. Durch die modellbasierte Wirkkettenanalyse können direkt oder indirekt von der Änderung betroffene Modellelemente identifiziert werden. Das Datenmodell wird mithilfe von Abfragesprachen analysiert und die Auswirkungen werden mithilfe von integrierten Metriken quantifiziert. Die Ergebnisse der Wirkkettenanalyse werden in rollenspezifischen Sichten bereitgestellt, wodurch eine bedarfsgerechte Entscheidungsunterstützung gewährleistet wird. Die Validierung anhand von vier industriellen Fallstudien belegt die Praxistauglichkeit der Methodik. Die Methodik verbindet das Änderungsmanagement mit den Vorteilen einer modellbasierten Systementwicklung und bildet somit einen synergetischen neuen Forschungsbereich.}},
  author       = {{Wiechel, Dominik}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-947647-51-4}},
  issn         = {{2365-4422}},
  title        = {{{Modellbasierte Wirkkettenanalyse zur Bewertung technischer Änderungen}}},
  doi          = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-2473}},
  volume       = {{432}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65124,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>To remain competitive, companies must continuously adapt their value proposition, especially in response to increasing demands for sustainability and digitalisation. Small and medium-sized enterprises often struggle to implement future-oriented digital business models. The aim is to develop decision support to help companies plan ahead and assess their value proposition, with a focus on foresighted planning. Based on literature research, expert interviews and the analysis of existing solutions, an understanding of “sustainable value” and requirements of decision support are defined. Decision support is implemented in a software. The main contribution is the setup of functions and content such as a list of influence factors, analysing influences and evaluating ideas, control questions and support for the implementation of digital business models. Validation through expert interviews and workshops in mechanical and plant engineering shows that the software supports enterprises in foresighted planning of value proposition and the selection of a concept for digital business models. It makes them robust towards the variety of future scenarios.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Tusek, Alena Marie}},
  booktitle    = {{AHFE International}},
  issn         = {{2771-0718}},
  publisher    = {{AHFE International}},
  title        = {{{Software-supported decision support for the foresighted planning of digital business models}}},
  doi          = {{10.54941/ahfe1006769}},
  volume       = {{198}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{61103,
  abstract     = {{Verification planning for engineering complex systems lacks a systematic procedure for creating test scenarios. Test scenarios can be generated by combining test cases, or by integrating test cases into pre-specified scenarios. Based on a systematic literature analysis a method is developed to simplify verification planning by creating new test scenarios and enriching existing ones. To assist the V&V engineer in planning test scenarios, a catalogue of combination premises is created to support the method. The method is evaluated in the development of a platform for emergency management. Evaluation proves that the method makes modelling of test scenarios more efficient.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia CIRP}},
  issn         = {{2212-8271}},
  keywords     = {{Systems Engineering, test scenario creation, verification, customer involvement}},
  location     = {{Patras, Greece}},
  pages        = {{213--218}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Method for systematic creation of test scenarios for early customer involvement}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.038}},
  volume       = {{136}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{62149,
  abstract     = {{The increasing complexity of technical systems requires early, structured verification and validation (V&V). Existing metadata models only map parts of the engineering process and do not enable a continuous chain of effects from requirements to test results. The aim of this publication is to develop a holistic V&V metadata model for the consistent, transparent and machine-processable description and linking of relevant engineering artifacts. In a five-stage research approach, essential model components are derived from literature and are integrated into a holistic model. Initial applications as part of a European research project show the potential of the model for a well-founded effect chain analysis and decision-supporting V&V processes.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel}},
  booktitle    = {{DS 140: Proceedings of the 36th Symposium Design for X (DFX2025)}},
  keywords     = {{verification, metadata model, Systems Engineering}},
  location     = {{Hamburg}},
  publisher    = {{The Design Society}},
  title        = {{{Ganzheitliches Metadatenmodel für die Verifikation und Validierung in der Entwicklung komplexer technischer Systeme}}},
  doi          = {{10.35199/dfx2025.09}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65231,
  author       = {{Charalampakis, Konstantinos and Safranoglou, Ioannis and Stavroulakis, Alexis and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris and Dimelli, Despina and Mania, Katerina}},
  booktitle    = {{2025 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Augmented Reality for Navigation, Team Coordination, and Real-Time Data Visualization in Firefighting Operations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00041}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{55431,
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Özcan, Deniz}},
  booktitle    = {{Automation 2024}},
  isbn         = {{9783181024379}},
  pages        = {{363–374}},
  publisher    = {{VDI Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Anwendungspotenziale von Künstlicher Intelligenz im Model-Based Systems Engineering für automatisierte Systeme}}},
  doi          = {{10.51202/9783181024379-363}},
  volume       = {{2437}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{54522,
  abstract     = {{The importance of extreme weather situations is increasing due to their number and, above all, their impact on stakeholders in emergency response. They are characterized by cascading effects with global and local interdependencies. Extreme data must be included as a basis for decision-making. The impact in emergency response depends on diverse, multidisciplinary competencies required to interpret information. Scenarios are used in various forms of preparation: in exercises, but also for the design of information systems and validation. Based on literature, this article brings together different types of scenarios and related work in the field of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Using an exemplary case relating to possible pluvial urban floods, the added value resulting from a focus on the impact of innovative solutions is discussed. It is shown that the use of scenarios helps to make the desired impact assessable for decision-makers in all phases of research and development projects.}},
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 21st ISCRAM Conference (ISCRAM 2024)}},
  editor       = {{Penkert, Berthold and Hellingrath, Bernd and Rode, Monika and Widera, Adam and Middelhoff, Michael and Boersma, Kees and Kalthöner, Matthias}},
  location     = {{Münster}},
  publisher    = {{ISCRAM}},
  title        = {{{Uncovering Impact of Innovation: Continuous Stakeholder Engagement through Scenario-based Systems Engineering}}},
  doi          = {{10.5281/ZENODO.11298332}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56072,
  abstract     = {{Weather-induced emergencies are characterized by underlying weather phenomena, their evolution in time and space as well as their impact on the environment including people, nature and infrastructure. Typically, simulations are used to consider a variety of potential extreme weather scenarios in preparedness phases. Due to required computing power, duration and high efforts in parameterizing such tools are hardly used within response situations. Enhanced simulation models and surrogate models based on machine learning technologies carry potentials to overcome
these challenges. An approach is presented that adopts simulation for the case of flooding events. It considers all phases from demand situation in command posts through advanced parameter space exploration to advanced visualization of simulation results in Augmented Reality. Initial evaluation results are presented, complemented by conclusions on incorporated technologies. The results contribute to future adoption of simulation even in time-critical
response situations.}},
  author       = {{Pottebaum, Jens and Ebel, Marcel and Gräßler, Iris}},
  booktitle    = {{Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband}},
  keywords     = {{extreme weather, emergency response, simulation, Augmented Reality}},
  location     = {{Karlsruhe}},
  publisher    = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}},
  title        = {{{Extending the application of simulation from preparedness to response use cases in weather-induced emergencies}}},
  doi          = {{10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws13-209}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56207,
  abstract     = {{We present a data acquisition and visualization pipeline that allows experts to monitor additive manufacturing processes, in particular laser metal deposition with wire (LMD-w) processes, in immersive virtual reality. Our virtual environment consists of a digital shadow of the LMD-w production site enriched with additional measurement data shown on both static as well as handheld virtual displays. Users can explore the production site by enhanced teleportation capabilities that enable them to change their scale as well as their elevation above the ground plane. In an exploratory user study with 22 participants, we demonstrate that our system is generally suitable for the supervision of LMD-w processes while generating low task load and cybersickness. Therefore, it serves as a first promising step towards the successful application of virtual reality technology in the comparatively young field of additive manufacturing.}},
  author       = {{Rupp, Daniel and Kuhlen, Torsten W. and Rarbach, Sven and Wiechel, Dominik and Pottebaum, Jens and Weidemann, Tizia and Tran, Duc Thanh and Day, Robin and Zielinski, Jonas and König, Valentina and Bremer, Jan and Kosche, Thomas and Grimm, Andreas and Bergs, Thomas and Gräßler, Iris and Weissker, Tim}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the GI VR/AR Workshop 2024}},
  location     = {{Hamburg}},
  publisher    = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}},
  title        = {{{Virtual Reality as a Tool for Monitoring Additive Manufacturing Processes via Digital Shadows}}},
  doi          = {{10.18420/vrar2024_0006}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56108,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Engineering projects for complex technical systems such as automobiles demand extensive requirement specifications and corresponding hierarchy levels in system architectures. Especially when considering emergent phenomena, such as total weight or aerodynamics, a closely networked collaboration of discipline‐specific and cross‐disciplinary roles is required. Further, in large organizations with a group structure, resulting functional and non‐functional contents need to be managed by distinct Systems Engineering roles. For example, the role “property manager” takes care of achieving overarching product properties, such as weight or aerodynamics, which cannot be directly fixed, but result from many specifications. This paper proposes new Systems Engineering roles and their application in a German Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). For validation, the roles have already been applied in everyday engineering projects at the OEM. The concept proved to be indispensable and transferable to other Systems Engineering projects.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pfeifer, Jan Niklas and Hintz, Florian and Meyrl, Nicolas}},
  booktitle    = {{INCOSE International Symposium}},
  issn         = {{2334-5837}},
  keywords     = {{Systems Engineering roles, properties, features, emergent phenomena, automotive}},
  location     = {{Dublin, Ireland}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{584--598}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Systems Engineering roles to handle emergent properties and behaviors in complex technical systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/iis2.13164}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57300,
  abstract     = {{Engineering methodologies for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) call for planning simulations and physical testing in early phases of product creation. Even in Model-Based Systems Engineering, there is a lack of systematic support that results in avoidable costs and iterations in the engineering process. Planning test cases and test scenarios along the product engineering process is not sufficiently integrated in terms of support especially for verification and validation engineers. Based on a systematic literature review, concepts for model-based planning of testing are developed. Characteristics of test cases and test scenarios of CPS are systematically identified. Generic templates for the creation of test cases and scenarios are derived. Based on the templates, a System Modeling Language (SysML) profile extension is developed which enables intuitive modelling of test cases and scenarios. The SysML profile is evaluated in a sample System-of-Systems in Disaster Response. It subsumes various types of sensor systems like rescue robotics, data science algorithms and visualization technologies like Augmented Reality to support decisions in extreme weather events. The templates and SysML profile significantly add value for engineers in the early and systematic planning of verification and validation.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}},
  booktitle    = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)}},
  keywords     = {{Systems Engineering, Systems verification, System testing}},
  location     = {{Perugia}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Model-based planning of test cases and test scenarios to support engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/isse63315.2024.10741135}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{58233,
  abstract     = {{Extreme weather situations increasingly lead to hazardous situations with high demands on de-cision-making and communication. Weather and impact forecasts serve to prepare for such an emergency situation, and extreme data must be processed during operations. Therefore, extreme data is categorised with reference to global weather data and data from local situation reconnais-sance using sensors carried by mobile robots. A concept is presented in which information quality is explicitly considered in visualization for situational awareness. This extends existing principles of information visualisation with regard to the uncertainty resulting from extreme data. The re-sults are intended to help decision-makers at different management levels to make informed decisions.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Hieb, Michael and Pratzler-Wanczura, Sylvia and Krüger, Oliver and Kruijff, Ivana and Rupp, Nicola}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the Days of Security Research 2023}},
  editor       = {{Bernsdorf, Bodo}},
  location     = {{Dortmund}},
  publisher    = {{Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola}},
  title        = {{{Weather-induced emergency situations: Extreme data in situational awareness and visualisation}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56347,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The content of university teaching in engineering sciences, particularly in product creation, is characterised by the development of application skills. Changing working conditions require new teaching concepts that are oriented towards the needs of students and practice and consider the acquisition of soft skills. A key method to be considered in this context is the Scenario-Technique. In this paper, a one-day workshop based on a software tool for the Scenario-Technique is presented that focusses on competence development for Scenario-Technique in form of a learning concept. Based on a systematic literature analysis, existing approaches for learning the Scenario-Technique are identified and requirements for a subsequently developed software-supported Scenario-Technique workshop are established. Using a case study, the learning concept is validated in two test phases for comprehensibility, user-friendliness, and practical suitability. The result is a concept that enables practice-oriented learning of the Scenario-Technique.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Tusek, Alena Marie}},
  booktitle    = {{AHFE International}},
  location     = {{Split}},
  publisher    = {{AHFE International}},
  title        = {{{Case study on the software-supported development of competences in Scenario-Technique}}},
  doi          = {{10.54941/ahfe1005548}},
  volume       = {{158}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57101,
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Rarbach, Sven and Wiechel, Dominik}},
  booktitle    = {{2024 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)}},
  location     = {{Perugia, Italy}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Artifact-Oriented Tailoring Approach for Model-Based Impact Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/isse63315.2024.10741104}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{54540,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>System models are used to merge relevant engineering artefacts and relationships. Therefore, a high model quality must be ensured. Currently, there is no method for defining company-specific metrics to assess system model quality. In a six-step research approach, a method is defined: (1) literature analysis on quality assessment approaches, (2) derivation of success factors, (3) evaluation of approaches, (4) development of a method, (5) application in automotive industry, and (6) evaluation. The method supports system engineers to derive tailored metrics to objectively assess the model quality.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Wiechel, Dominik and Özcan, Deniz and Taplick, Patrick}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
  issn         = {{2732-527X}},
  pages        = {{2545--2554}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
  title        = {{{Tailored metrics for assessing the quality of MBSE models}}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/pds.2024.257}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{46451,
  abstract     = {{New technologies and materials carry significant potential for sustainable production and use of products. As an example, Additive Manufacturing technologies and materials promise lightweight design and energy efficient use of parts. Exhausting the full potential requires: a) consideration of uncertainties with respect to future capabilities, and b) upgradeable design guidelines to cover advancements consistently. The proposed approach merges concepts of Design-for-X with foresight algorithms of Scenario-Technique to derive actionable knowledge. It is validated by an application in the field of Additive Manufacturing, namely Metal Fused Deposition Modelling. Engineers benefit from the intuitive access to heterogeneous types of sustainability related information.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Mozgova, Iryna and Pottebaum, Jens and Ott, Manuel and Jung, Philipp and Hesse, Philipp}},
  booktitle    = {{17th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Design-for-X, Scenario-Technique, sustainability, uncertainty, Life-Cycle Engineering, Additive Manufacturing, Circular Economy}},
  location     = {{Gulf of Naples}},
  pages        = {{549--554}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Handling of uncertainties in the design of sustainable Additive Manufacturing products by merging Design-for-X and Scenario-Technique}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.238}},
  volume       = {{126}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{57584,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>There are numerous initiatives and lighthouse projects around Gaia-X to create the basics of open, trustworthy data ecosystems. One of the challenges in building these data ecosystems is to convince everyone involved of the advantages of multilateral data sharing. A prerequisite is also a common understanding of the rights of use and access to the data. Data sovereignty means that the data provider decides which data with which usage and access rights he wants to make accessible to which user group. Standardised digital representations by, for instance, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS enable creation of such data ecosystems, interlinking the physical and digital space. In the paper at hand, a conceptual approach named Decide4Eco is presented with the aim to enable systematic and flexible decision-making support for product planning and development concerning the sustainability of a product and the entire value chain. Methods of sustainability assessment are expanded to include predictive AI-based effects analyses.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Holland, Martin and Wiechel, Dominik and Dickopf, Thomas and Stjepandić, Josip}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering}},
  editor       = {{Stjepandic, Josip}},
  isbn         = {{9781643685502}},
  issn         = {{2352-751X}},
  location     = {{London}},
  pages        = {{175--184}},
  publisher    = {{IOS Press}},
  title        = {{{Leveraging Data Ecosystems in Model-Based Systems Engineering for Ecological, Circular Added Value}}},
  doi          = {{10.3233/atde240858}},
  volume       = {{60}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@phdthesis{52678,
  author       = {{Yang, X.}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-947647-35-4}},
  title        = {{{Eine Methode zur Unterstützung von Entscheidungen bei der Entwicklung modularer Leichtbauprodukte }}},
  volume       = {{Band 416}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57305,
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Pottebaum, Jens and Grewe, Benedikt}},
  journal      = {{VDI Konstruktion}},
  pages        = {{60--61}},
  title        = {{{Forschen für die Zukunft der Produktentstehung. Innovation erleben und validieren}}},
  volume       = {{76}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@phdthesis{58825,
  author       = {{Roesmann, Daniel}},
  publisher    = {{Verlagsschriftenreihe des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts}},
  title        = {{{Menschenzentrierte Montageplanung und -steuerung durch fähigkeitsorientierte Aufgabenzuordnung}}},
  doi          = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-1962}},
  volume       = {{418}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}