@article{64873, abstract = {{Continuous flow catalysis utilizing gel-bound organocatalysts within a microfluidic reactor represents a compelling strategy in the realm of organic synthesis. In this study, a quinuclidine-based catalytic monomer (QMA) was synthesized to create polymer gel dots through the process of photopolymerization that serve as a support for the catalyst. The resulting gel-bound organocatalysts were assembled within a continuous microfluidic reactor to facilitate the Baylis–Hillman reaction between various aldehydes and acrylonitrile at a temperature of 50 °C. The conversion of the product was assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy as an offline analytical method over a duration of 8 h. The findings indicated that highly reactive aldehydes achieved conversion rates exceeding 90%, in contrast to their less reactive counterparts. Furthermore, these results were juxtaposed with previously published data derived from alternative synthetic methodologies, revealing that the continuous microfluidic reactions employing integrated organocatalysts within polymer networks exhibited significantly higher conversions with reduced reaction times (8 h) at the same temperature (50 °C). Additionally, the influence of different geometries (round, triangular, and square) of the gel dots on catalytic activity was investigated, with round and square gel dots demonstrating slightly superior performance compared with triangular gel dots, attributed to their increased surface area. Moreover, an extended reaction period of 6 days was conducted using 4-bromobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile, resulting in a conversion rate exceeding 70%, which remained stable for 5 days before experiencing a slight decline due to product accumulation on the gel dots.}}, author = {{Killi, Naresh and Kumar, Amit and Nebhani, Leena and Obst, Franziska and Richter, Andreas and Reineke Matsudo, Bernhard and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{2470-1343}}, journal = {{ACS Omega}}, number = {{9}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, title = {{{Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction}}}, doi = {{10.1021/acsomega.5c09476}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{64887, abstract = {{Abstract Lachgas gelangt etwa aus Düngemitteln, Abgasen oder Narkosemitteln in die Atmosphäre und verursacht rund sechs Prozent der globalen Erwärmung. Effiziente Methoden, Lachgas abzubauen, gibt es bisher nicht. Wie ein neuer metallfreier Katalysator helfen könnte.}}, author = {{Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{1439-9598}}, journal = {{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{61--63}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Nichts zu lachen – oder doch?}}}, doi = {{10.1002/nadc.20264154740}}, volume = {{74}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{64886, abstract = {{ In the young field of enantioselective catalysis by frustrated Lewis pairs, the search for new chiral backbones for Lewis acids is desirable for future developments of the field. By taking advantage of the toluenesulfinyl group, a very useful traceless chiral auxiliary, it was possible to decorate stereopure axially chiral biphenyl tolyl sulfoxides and access unique chiral quaterphenyl tolyl sulfoxides by directed ortho ‐metalation and electrophile trapping as well as a dynamic kinetic asymmetric arylative cross‐coupling. The resulting chiral backbone is amenable to accessing chiral boron‐based Lewis acids by conversion of the sulfinyl group to boron‐based ones. }}, author = {{Berreur, Jordan and Bortoluzzi, Julien and Köring, Laura and Leroux, Frédéric R. and Paradies, Jan and Panossian, Armen}}, issn = {{1434-1948}}, journal = {{European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Double Functionalization of Atropisomeric Biphenyl Sulfoxides by Ortho ‐Metalation and DYKAT Toward Chiral Quaterphenyl‐Based Borane Lewis Acids}}}, doi = {{10.1002/ejic.70158}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{65659, abstract = {{Over the past decades, nanoparticulate drug carrier systems have emerged as promising tools in medicine. A persistent challenge in current pharmacotherapy is the limited selectivity of active pharmaceutical ingredients, resulting in undesirable side effects. Smart drug delivery systems, which release encapsulated active pharmaceutical ingredients in response to specific stimuli, offer a potential solution by enabling controlled drug release. This approach can be particularly relevant for exploiting biochemical differences between extracellular and intracellular environments. In this study, self-immolative polydisulfide based polymers manufactured from dithiothreitol were processed into nanoparticle formulations to respond preferentially to elevated glutathione levels, which are characteristic of intracellular environments and are often increased in tumor cells. The influence of polymer chain length on the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles was investigated. Lumogen® Red was incorporated as a model substance to determine the loading capacity of the carrier system. Degradation was characterized using dynamic light scattering and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, as well as by imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy. Selective release of the embedded substance was demonstrated at elevated glutathione concentrations, while no significant release was observed at extracellularly relevant levels (10 µM glutathione), where the behavior was comparable to the buffer control. Increased release was observed under intracellularly relevant conditions (2 – 10 mM glutathione). These findings support a redox-responsive behavior under intracellular-like conditions. The latter was proven for primary fibroblasts and the cancer cell lines BT-474, MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 by quantification of intracellular low molecular weight thiols. The nanoparticle uptake was confirmed in the investigated cell lines by visualization via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Via lysosomal staining it was shown that nanoparticles accumulate in lysosomes. Furthermore, the carrier system itself showed no cytotoxic properties in cell culture studies against the four different cell types. The developed system is a suitable and very promising smart drug delivery system in the context of controlled drug release.}}, author = {{Kramer, Maurice and Horky, Corinna and Völlmecke, Katharina and Mulac-Hahnen, Dennis and Herrmann, Fabian and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}}, issn = {{2949-8295}}, journal = {{Next Nanotechnology}}, keywords = {{Nanoparticles, Smart drug delivery, Controlled release, Self-immolative polymers, Tumor targeting}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Smart drug delivery systems for potential targeted cancer therapy: Exploiting increased glutathione levels in tumor microenvironments}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100510}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{59510, abstract = {{The use of organo-catalysis in continuous-flow reactor systems is gaining attention in medicinal chemistry due to its cost-effectiveness and reduced chemical waste. In this study, bioactive curcumin (CUM) derivatives were synthesized in a continuously operated microfluidic reactor (MFR), using piperidine-based polymeric networks as catalysts. Piperidine methacrylate and piperidine acrylate were synthesized and subsequently copolymerized with complementary monomers (MMA or DMAA) and crosslinkers (EGDMA or MBAM) via photopolymerization, yielding different polymeric networks. Initially, batch reactions were optimized for the organo-catalytic Knoevenagel condensation between CUM and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, under various conditions, in the presence of polymer networks. Conversion was assessed using offline 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing an increase in conversion with enhanced swelling properties of the polymer networks, which facilitated greater accessibility of catalytic sites. In continuous-flow MFR experiments, optimized polymer gel dots exhibited superior catalytic performance, achieving a conversion of up to 72%, compared to other compositions. This improvement was attributed to the enhanced swelling in the reaction mixture (DMSO/methanol, 7:3 v/v) at 40 °C over 72 h. Furthermore, the MFR system enabled the efficient synthesis of a series of CUM derivatives, demonstrating significantly higher conversion rates than traditional batch reactions. Notably, while batch reactions required 90% catalyst loading in the gel, the MFR system achieved a comparable or superior performance with only 50% catalyst, resulting in a higher turnover number. These findings underscore the advantages of continuous-flow organo-catalysis in enhancing catalytic efficiency and sustainability in organic synthesis.}}, author = {{Killi, Naresh and Rumpke, Katja and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{2310-2861}}, journal = {{Gels}}, keywords = {{flow chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis, sustainable synthesis, organo-catalysis, polymeric gel dots}}, number = {{4}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst}}}, doi = {{10.3390/gels11040278}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{59511, abstract = {{AbstractTo minimize or avoid the use of antibiotics, antimicrobial polymers have emerged as a promising option to fight biomaterial‐associated infections, e.g., on titanium‐based implants. However, the challenge is to develop active polymers that exhibit an antimicrobial effect and are compatible with human cells. Different studies aiming for biocidal polymers active in soluble mode, focused on the ratio of cationic to hydrophobic groups, while only marginal knowledge is available for immobilized components. Here a strong hydrophilic electrolyte 4‐vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (TMA) is chosen as the cationic component. The block composition of the polycationic segment is modified with styrene (Sty) regarding the amphiphilic balance. To adsorb such polymers onto titanium surfaces they are equipped with a polyphosphonic acid anchor block by sequential reversible‐addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT) polymerization. The polymer composition affected the wetting behavior of adsorbed coatings with water contact angles ranging from 17° to 72°, while zetapotential measurements confirmed high extent of positive charges for all adsorbed polymer coatings. The fundamentally modified block composition resulted in significantly improved cytocompatibility. Antimicrobial efficacy in early bacterial adhesion is still retained from slightly antiadhesive coatings to combined antiadhesive/biocidal activity depending on Sty/TMA ratio in random polymers while a block copolymer revealed lowest antimicrobial effect.}}, author = {{Wolf‐Brandstetter, Cornelia and Methling, Rafael and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{1438-7492}}, journal = {{Macromolecular Materials and Engineering}}, keywords = {{antiadhesive surfaces, antimicrobial polymers, grafting to, polymerbrushes}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Adsorbable and Antimicrobial Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Enhanced Biocompatibility}}}, doi = {{10.1002/mame.202500078}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61335, abstract = {{Amidines are a ubiquitous class of bioactive compounds found in a wide variety of natural products; thus, efficient strategies for their preparation are in great demand. Herein, a novel protocol is reported for the synthesis of amidines based on PIII/PVO redox catalysis. This two‐step, one‐pot approach involves the activation of amides via PIII/PVO catalyzed in situ formation of imidoyl chloride intermediates which are directly converted upon reaction with amines into the corresponding amidines. Instead of traditionally used toxic and corrosive chloride sources, hexachloroacetone (HCA) is successfully employed as a halide source. The reaction proceeds with low catalyst loading (2 mol%) in BuOAc as the solvent. Under the optimized conditions, 20 amidines are prepared in yields up to 99%. A feasible mechanism is proposed based on experimental results. The synthetic potential of this method is evaluated in the preparation of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Erlotinib.}}, author = {{Medvaric, Viktorija and Paradies, Jan and Werner, Thomas}}, issn = {{1615-4150}}, journal = {{Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis}}, keywords = {{T2, T, CSSD}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Synthesis of Amidines Via P(III)/P(V)=O Redox Catalyzed In Situ Formation of Imidoyl Chlorides From Amides}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adsc.70059}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61336, author = {{Zhou, Rundong and Medvaric, Viktorija and Werner, Thomas and Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{0002-7863}}, journal = {{Journal of the American Chemical Society}}, keywords = {{T2, CSSD}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, title = {{{Metal-Free Reduction of Nitrous Oxide via PIII/PV═O Cycling: Mechanistic Insights and Catalytic Performance}}}, doi = {{10.1021/jacs.5c06190}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{64884, abstract = {{To address the challenges associated with poor drug solubility and uncontrolled drug release in conventional dosage forms, a combination of polymer design and advanced drug delivery approaches has been employed. The development of pH-responsive nanoparticles for controlled and selective drug release represents a notable advance in adaptive nanomedicine. This study explores the design of a pH-responsive polymer, poly(1,4-phenyleneacetone dimethylene ketal) (PPADK). Additionally, the incorporation of light-responsive ortho-nitrobenzyl groups (o-NB-PPADK) enhanced the degradation upon exposure to light. Based on the polymer, nanoparticles were prepared using the solvent displacement method. The fluorescence dye Lumogen® Red was incorporated as a model substance. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering to determine their hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution, and the surface charge was analyzed. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualize the surface morphology. The nanoparticles remained stable under physiological pH conditions while exhibiting accelerated degradation and substance release in acidic environment, a property potentially exploitable for tumor targeting. Further enhanced degradation and correspondingly increased release was achieved by incorporating light-responsive elements in the polymer structure. The cytotoxicity of these newly designed nanoparticles was evaluated in cell culture using a breast cancer cell line. These results support the potential of o-NB-PPADK nanoparticles as a possible candidate for selective and effective cancer therapy, combining stimuli-responsive degradation mechanisms for improved therapeutic outcomes.}}, author = {{Kramer, Maurice and van der Linde, Matthias and Hönscheid, Lisa and Horky, Corinna and Völlmecke, Katharina and Mulac, Dennis and Herrmann, Fabian and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}}, issn = {{0378-5173}}, journal = {{International Journal of Pharmaceutics}}, keywords = {{Nanoparticles, Drug delivery, Controlled release, Stimuli-responsiveTumor targeting}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Enlightening release strategies: Accelerated nanoparticle degradation and substance release utilizing light- and pH-responsive polymers}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127}}, volume = {{684}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{64885, abstract = {{The tribological behavior of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐based microgels is investigated for use as water‐dispersible lubricant additives. Two types of microgels are synthesized using a surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method: MG0, consisting of pure PNIPAAm with a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of ≈33 °C, and MG16, consisting of PNIPAAm copolymerized with hydrophobic tert‐butyl acrylamide, exhibiting a lower VPTT of around 23 °C. Swelling and lubrication performance are evaluated at 20 and 40 °C. Both microgels significantly reduce friction and wear compared to water alone. At 20 °C, MG0 remains fully swollen and provides effective wear protection through hydrated microgel lubrication. MG16, being near its VPTT, exhibits partial collapse and slightly higher wear. At 40 °C, MG16 demonstrates improved wear resistance, attributed to enhanced film compaction in the collapsed state. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirm that carbon‐rich tribofilms are formed via tribochemical reactions. MG0 produces more graphitic films, while MG16 generates amorphous carbon structures. These findings highlight the tunability of microgel composition for designing adaptive, water‐based lubricants for temperature‐sensitive applications.}}, author = {{Syed, Junaid and Dyck, Florian and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk and Gosvami, Nitya Nand}}, issn = {{1438-1656}}, journal = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Microgel Additives for Aqueous Lubrication: Tailoring Friction and Wear via Composition and Thermal Responsiveness}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adem.202501673}}, volume = {{28}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{52541, abstract = {{AbstractWe conducted an investigation into the palladium‐catalyzed carbon‐sulfur cross‐coupling reaction involving a 2‐bromothiophene derivative and potassium thioacetate as a substitute for hydrogen sulfide. This investigation utilized kinetic and computational methods. We synthesized two palladium complexes supported by the bisphosphane ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (DPPF) and bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene (DiPPF), as well as their tentative intermediates in the catalytic cycle. Reaction rates were measured and then compared to computational predictions.}}, author = {{Peschtrich, Sebastian and Schoch, Roland and Kuckling, Dirk and Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{1434-193X}}, journal = {{European Journal of Organic Chemistry}}, keywords = {{Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry}}, number = {{8}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{A Comparative Kinetic and Computational Investigation of the Carbon‐Sulfur Cross Coupling of Potassium Thioacetate and 2‐Bromo Thiophene Using Palladium/Bisphosphine Complexes}}}, doi = {{10.1002/ejoc.202301207}}, volume = {{27}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{52572, abstract = {{A series of substituted ferrocenyl boron derivatives was synthesized. The oxidation of the ferrocenyl unit resulted in a significant increase of the boron‐centered Lewis acidity. The neutral and cationic Lewis acids were characterized by NMR‐spectroscopy, crystal structure analysis and by computational methods. The new Lewis acids were then applied in the Meinwald rearrangement of epoxides, predominantly furnishing aldehydes as the kinetic products.}}, author = {{Köring, Laura and Birenheide, Bernhard and Krämer, Felix and Wenzel, Jonas O. and Schoch, Roland and Brehm, Martin and Breher, Frank and Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{1434-1948}}, journal = {{European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry}}, keywords = {{Inorganic Chemistry}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Boranes and their Application as Lewis Acids in Epoxide Rearrangements}}}, doi = {{10.1002/ejic.202400057}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{53163, abstract = {{An SPR-based dually crosslinked gel sensor for adiponitrile bearing pillar[5]arene responsive sites with a low limit of detection was developed.}}, author = {{Rodin, Maksim and Helle, David and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{1759-9954}}, journal = {{Polymer Chemistry}}, keywords = {{Organic Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, Biochemistry, Bioengineering}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{661--679}}, publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}}, title = {{{Pillar[5]arene-based dually crosslinked supramolecular gel as a sensor for the detection of adiponitrile}}}, doi = {{10.1039/d3py01354e}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{55371, abstract = {{AbstractThe activation of C(sp3)−F bonds by the commercially available catalyst B(C6F5)3 is reported and applied in reactions with arenes, allylic, vinylic and acetylenic silanes, and olefins to achieve a variety of C−C bond formations (45 examples).}}, author = {{Hoppe, Axel and Stepen, Arne J. and Köring, Laura and Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{1615-4150}}, journal = {{Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis}}, number = {{13}}, pages = {{2933--2938}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Benzylic C−F Bonds}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adsc.202400511}}, volume = {{366}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{59509, abstract = {{AbstractA strategy for multifunctional biosurfaces exploiting multiblock copolymers and the antipolyelectrolyte effect is reported. Combining a polyzwitterionic/antifouling and a polycationic/antibacterial block with a central anchoring block for attachment to titanium oxide surfaces affords surface coatings that exhibit antifouling properties against proteins and allow for surface regeneration by clearing adhering proteins by employing a salt washing step. The surfaces also kill bacteria by contact killing, which is aided by a nonfouling block. The synthesis of block copolymers of 4‐vinyl pyridine (VP), dimethyl 4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonate (DMVBP), and 4‐vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (TMA) is achieved on the multigram scale via RAFT polymerization with good end group retention and narrow dispersities. By polymer analogous reactions, poly(4‐vinyl pyridinium propane sulfonate‐block‐4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonic acid‐block‐4‐vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) (P(VSP64‐b‐PA14‐b‐TMA64)) is obtained. The antifouling properties against the model protein pepsin and the salt‐induced surface regeneration are shown in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments, while independently the antibacterial and antifouling properties of coated titanium substrates are successfully tested in preliminary microbiological assays against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This strategy may contribute to the development of long‐term effective antibacterial implant surface coatings to suppress biomedical device‐associated infections.}}, author = {{Methling, Rafael and Greiter, Michael and Al‐Zawity, Jiwar and Müller, Mareike and Schönherr, Holger and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{1616-5187}}, journal = {{Macromolecular Bioscience}}, keywords = {{antibacterial coatings, antipolyelectrolyte effect, salt switchable polymers, zwitterionic brushes}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Salt‐Responsive Switchable Block Copolymer Brushes with Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties}}}, doi = {{10.1002/mabi.202400261}}, volume = {{25}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{59508, abstract = {{Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has established to be a promising field in medicine. A remaining dominant challenge in today's pharmacotherapy is the limited selectivity of active pharmaceutical ingredients and associated undesirable side effects. Controlled drug release can be promoted by smart drug delivery systems, which release embedded API primarily depending on specific stimuli. Consequently, also the microenvironment of tumor tissue can be used advantageously. Dithiothreitol (DTT) based self-immolative polydisulfides were synthesized that preferentially respond to pathologically increased glutathione (GSH) concentrations, as found in solid tumors. The synthesis with different degrees of polymerisation was investigated as well as the synthesis of a copolymer consisting of dithiothreitol and butanedithiol (BDT). Toxicity tests were carried out on pure polymers and their degradation products. The ability to degrade was examined at pathological and physiological glutathione concentrations in order to test the suitability of the polymer as a matrix for nanoparticulate carrier systems. In addition, the processability of one polymer into nanoparticles was investigated as well as the degradation behaviour with glutathione.}}, author = {{Völlmecke, Katharina and Kramer, Maurice and Horky, Corinna and Dückmann, Oliver and Mulac, Dennis and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{2046-2069}}, journal = {{RSC Advances}}, number = {{48}}, pages = {{35568--35577}}, publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}}, title = {{{Self-immolative polydisulfides and their use as nanoparticles for drug delivery systems}}}, doi = {{10.1039/d4ra07228f}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{59616, abstract = {{AbstractThe activation of C(sp3)−F bonds by the commercially available catalyst B(C6F5)3 is reported and applied in reactions with arenes, allylic, vinylic and acetylenic silanes, and olefins to achieve a variety of C−C bond formations (45 examples).}}, author = {{Hoppe, Axel and Stepen, Arne J. and Köring, Laura and Paradies, Jan}}, issn = {{1615-4150}}, journal = {{Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis}}, keywords = {{fluoride, bond activation, borane, Lewis acid, C-C bond formation}}, number = {{13}}, pages = {{2933--2938}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Benzylic C−F Bonds}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adsc.202400511}}, volume = {{366}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{35657, abstract = {{The controlled delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the site of disease represents a major challenge in drug therapy. Particularly when drugs have to be transported across biological barriers, suitable drug delivery systems are of importance. In recent years responsive delivery systems have been developed which enable a controlled drug release depending on internal or external stimuli such as changes in pH, redox environment or light and temperature. In some studies delivery systems with reactivity against two different stimuli were established either to enhance the response by synergies of the stimuli or to broaden the window of possible trigger events. In the present review numerous exciting developments of pH-, light- and redox-cleavable polymers suitable for the preparation of smart delivery systems are described. The review discusses the different stimuli that can be used for a controlled drug release of polymer-based delivery systems. It puts a focus on the different polymers described for the preparation of stimuli-sensitive systems, their preparation techniques as well as their stimuli-responsive degradation. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.}}, author = {{Rust, Tarik and Jung, Dimitri and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}}, issn = {{0959-8103}}, journal = {{Polymer International}}, keywords = {{drug delivery system, stimuli, polymer, cleavable}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{5--19}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Stimuli‐accelerated polymeric drug delivery systems}}}, doi = {{10.1002/pi.6474}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{47589, author = {{Krämer, Felix and Paradies, Jan and Fernández, Israel and Breher, Frank}}, issn = {{1755-4330}}, journal = {{Nature Chemistry}}, keywords = {{General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{A crystalline aluminium–carbon-based ambiphile capable of activation and catalytic transfer of ammonia in non-aqueous media}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41557-023-01340-9}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{52542, abstract = {{AbstractWe report on so‐called “hidden FLPs” (FLP: frustrated Lewis pair) consisting of a phosphorus ylide featuring a group 13 fragment in the ortho position of a phenyl ring scaffold to form five‐membered ring structures. Although the formation of the Lewis acid/base adducts was observed in the solid state, most of the title compounds readily react with carbon dioxide to provide stable insertion products. Strikingly, 0.3–3.0 mol% of the reported aluminum and gallium/carbon‐based ambiphiles catalyze the reduction of CO2 to methanol with satisfactory high selectivity and yields using pinacol borane as stoichiometric reduction equivalent. Comprehensive computational studies provided valuable mechanistic insights and shed more light on activity differences.}}, author = {{Krämer, Felix and Paradies, Jan and Fernández, Israel and Breher, Frank}}, issn = {{0947-6539}}, journal = {{Chemistry – A European Journal}}, keywords = {{General Chemistry, Catalysis, Organic Chemistry}}, number = {{5}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Quo Vadis CO2 Activation: Catalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using Aluminum and Gallium/Carbon‐based Ambiphiles}}}, doi = {{10.1002/chem.202303380}}, volume = {{30}}, year = {{2023}}, }