@article{53166,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The Knoevenagel reaction is a classic reaction in organic chemistry for the formation of C-C bonds. In this study, various catalytic monomers for Knoevenagel reactions were synthesized and polymerized via photolithography to form polymeric gel dots with a composition of 90% catalyst, 9% gelling agent and 1% crosslinker. Furthermore, these gel dots were inserted into a microfluidic reactor (MFR) and the conversion of the reaction using gel dots as catalysts in the MFR for 8 h at room temperature was studied. The gel dots containing primary amines showed a better conversion of about 83–90% with aliphatic aldehyde and 86–100% with aromatic aldehyde, compared to the tertiary amines (52–59% with aliphatic aldehyde and 77–93% with aromatic aldehydes) which resembles the reactivity of the amines. Moreover, the addition of polar solvent (water) in the reaction mixture and the swelling properties of the gel dots by altering the polymer backbone showed a significant enhancement in the conversion of the reaction, due to the increased accessibility of the catalytic sites in the polymeric network. These results suggested the primary-amine-based catalysts facilitate better conversion compared to tertiary amines and the reaction solvent had a significant influence on organocatalysis to improve the efficiency of MFR.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Killi, Naresh and Bartenbach, Julian and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2310-2861}},
  journal      = {{Gels}},
  keywords     = {{Knoevenagel reaction, organocatalysis, polymeric gel dots, microfluidic reactions, polymeric networks}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/gels9030171}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{42878,
  author       = {{Köring, Laura and Stepen, Arne and Birenheide, Bernhard and Barth, Simon and Leskov, Maxim and Schoch, Roland and Krämer, Felix and Breher, Frank and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie International Edition}},
  keywords     = {{General Chemistry, Catalysis}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Boron‐Centered Lewis Superacid through Redox‐Active Ligands: Application in C−F and S−F Bond Activation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/anie.202301632}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{42879,
  author       = {{Köring, Laura and Stepen, Arne and Birenheide, Bernhard and Barth, Simon and Leskov, Maxim and Schoch, Roland and Krämer, Felix and Breher, Frank and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{0044-8249}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Boron‐Centered Lewis Superacid through Redox‐Active Ligands: Application in C−F and S−F Bond Activation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ange.202301632}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{44523,
  author       = {{Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{0001-4842}},
  journal      = {{Accounts of Chemical Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine, General Chemistry}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{821--834}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Structure–Reactivity Relationships in Borane-Based FLP-Catalyzed Hydrogenations, Dehydrogenations, and Cycloisomerizations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00832}},
  volume       = {{56}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{46277,
  author       = {{Sieland, Benedikt and Stahn, Marcel and Schoch, Roland and Daniliuc, Constantin and Spicher, Sebastian and Grimme, Stefan and Hansen, Andreas and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie International Edition}},
  keywords     = {{General Chemistry, Catalysis}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Dispersion Energy‐Stabilized Boron and Phosphorus Lewis Pairs}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/anie.202308752}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{64893,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The synthesis of three novel imidazolyl‐substituted sulfur‐containing heteroacenes is reported. These heteroacenes consisting of annelated benzo‐ and naphthothiophenes serve as precursors for the generation of open‐shell quinoid heteroacenes by oxidation with alkaline ferric cyanide. Spectroscopic and computational experiments support the formation of reactive open‐shell quinoids, which, however, quickly produce paramagnetic polymeric material.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hou, Peng and Peschtrich, Sebastian and Feuerstein, Wolfram and Schoch, Roland and Hohloch, Stephan and Breher, Frank and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{2191-1363}},
  journal      = {{ChemistryOpen}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Imidazolyl‐Substituted Benzo‐ and Naphthodithiophenes as Precursors for the Synthesis of Transient Open‐Shell Quinoids}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/open.202300003}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{35642,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>There is an increasing interest in sensing applications for a variety of analytes in aqueous environments, as conventional methods do not work reliably under humid conditions or they require complex equipment with experienced operators. Hydrogel sensors are easy to fabricate, are incredibly sensitive, and have broad dynamic ranges. Experiments on their robustness, reliability, and reusability have indicated the possible long-term applications of these systems in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, detection of pharmaceuticals, and in environmental testing. It is possible to produce hydrogels, which, upon sensing a specific analyte, can adsorb it onto their 3D-structure and can therefore be used to remove them from a given environment. High specificity can be obtained by using molecularly imprinted polymers. Typical detection principles involve optical methods including fluorescence and chemiluminescence, and volume changes in colloidal photonic crystals, as well as electrochemical methods. Here, we explore the current research utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in three main areas: (1) biomedical applications, (2) for detecting and quantifying pharmaceuticals of interest, and (3) detecting and quantifying environmental contaminants in aqueous environments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Völlmecke, Katharina and Afroz, Rowshon and Bierbach, Sascha and Brenker, Lee Josephine and Frücht, Sebastian and Glass, Alexandra and Giebelhaus, Ryland and Hoppe, Axel and Kanemaru, Karen and Lazarek, Michal and Rabbe, Lukas and Song, Longfei and Velasco Suarez, Andrea and Wu, Shuang and Serpe, Michael and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2310-2861}},
  journal      = {{Gels}},
  keywords     = {{Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Biomaterials, Bioengineering}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Hydrogel-Based Biosensors}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/gels8120768}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32416,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, sequence-defined oligomers (SDOs) gained increasing interest due to their perfectly controlled molecular structure, thus providing defined properties. In order to tune the properties, different functionalities need to be incorporated into the oligomers and the chain tacticity needs to be controlled. Beside the synthesis of SDOs, suitable methods need to be found to analyze the molecular structure. In this work, oligomers exhibiting an alternating or block-wise sequence of side chain functionalities were analyzed using a hyphenation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry enhanced by ion mobility separation (IMS). Moieties in the side chains were varied according to polarity and bulkiness. Moreover, chain tacticity was varied. Drift times in the IMS cell and the corresponding collision cross section (CCS) values were shown to be individual parameters allowing the identification of SDOs, even in the case that SDO structures only differ in sequence or tacticity of side chain functionalities. Thus, a library of CCS values was obtained as reference used for the analysis of complex mixtures of SDOs.}},
  author       = {{Berg, Marie-Theres and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1023-666X}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization}},
  keywords     = {{Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility separation, mass spectrometry, LC-MS hyphenation, sequence-defined oligomers}},
  pages        = {{1--12}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Hyphenation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of sequence-defined oligomers with different functionalities and tacticity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/1023666x.2022.2100968}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35645,
  abstract     = {{Poly(quinuclidin-3-yl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles having porous as well as nonporous morphology and varying contents of quinuclidine functionality were synthesized by distillation–precipitation polymerization. Further, the synthesized microparticles were explored to catalyze the Baylis–Hillman reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile. Porous and nonporous microparticles functionalized with a catalytic moiety with a loading of 70% (labeled as P70 and NP70) were employed to optimize reaction parameters such as water content, solvent, and temperature for the Baylis–Hillman reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile. Using optimal conditions, the catalytic efficiency of porous and nonporous microparticles at different feed compositions was determined. Porous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (P70) displayed 100% conversion within 16 h at 50 °C, while nonporous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (NP70) displayed a relatively less catalytic conversion, which is attributed to their lower surface area. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of porous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (P70) for the Baylis–Hillman reaction involving a variety of aryl aldehyde derivatives was determined, where the microparticles displayed impressive catalytic efficiency. In addition, the reusability of the microparticles functionalized with a catalytic moiety was evaluated for five cycles of catalytic reaction.}},
  author       = {{Kumar, Amit and Kuckling, Dirk and Nebhani, Leena}},
  issn         = {{2637-6105}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Polymer Materials}},
  keywords     = {{distillation−precipitation polymerization, porous microparticles, heterogeneous catalysis Baylis−Hillman reaction, reusable catalyst}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{8996--9005}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsapm.2c01330}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32865,
  abstract     = {{For the first time, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) star polymers with a β-cyclodextrin core are characterized in detail by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with triple detection to experimentally verify the number of arms. A combination of a refractive index detector, multi-angle laser light scattering detector, and an online-viscosimeter was used for branching analysis. At first, the SEC system was calibrated and the detector setup was validated using linear polystyrene reference polymers. The applicability of the established triple detection SEC for branching analysis was shown by the analysis of two commercially available polystyrene star polymers. Due to the high molar masses of the star polymers, both the contraction ratio g and g′ could be determined independently, thus allowing the calculation of the viscosity shielding ratio ε. Finally, the branching analysis of the PNIPAAm star polymers could experimentally confirm the assumed arm number of up to 21 arms. Moreover, an increasingly compact molecular structure and the influence of the arm number on the viscosity shielding ratio could be shown.}},
  author       = {{Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1023-666X}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization}},
  keywords     = {{Size-exclusion chromatography, triple detection, branching analysis, star polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), β-cyclodextrin}},
  pages        = {{1--19}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Branching analysis of β-cyclodextrin-based poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) star polymers using triple detection SEC}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/1023666x.2022.2110133}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35703,
  author       = {{Hou, Peng and Peschtrich, Sebastian and Huber, Nils and Feuerstein, Wolfram and Bihlmeier, Angela and Krummenacher, Ivo and Schoch, Roland and Klopper, Wim and Breher, Frank and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{0947-6539}},
  journal      = {{Chemistry – A European Journal}},
  keywords     = {{General Chemistry, Catalysis, Organic Chemistry}},
  number       = {{23}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Cover Feature: Impact of Heterocycle Annulation on NIR Absorbance in Quinoid Thioacene Derivatives (Chem. Eur. J. 23/2022)}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/chem.202200982}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{59617,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>There is an increasing interest in sensing applications for a variety of analytes in aqueous environments, as conventional methods do not work reliably under humid conditions or they require complex equipment with experienced operators. Hydrogel sensors are easy to fabricate, are incredibly sensitive, and have broad dynamic ranges. Experiments on their robustness, reliability, and reusability have indicated the possible long-term applications of these systems in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, detection of pharmaceuticals, and in environmental testing. It is possible to produce hydrogels, which, upon sensing a specific analyte, can adsorb it onto their 3D-structure and can therefore be used to remove them from a given environment. High specificity can be obtained by using molecularly imprinted polymers. Typical detection principles involve optical methods including fluorescence and chemiluminescence, and volume changes in colloidal photonic crystals, as well as electrochemical methods. Here, we explore the current research utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in three main areas: (1) biomedical applications, (2) for detecting and quantifying pharmaceuticals of interest, and (3) detecting and quantifying environmental contaminants in aqueous environments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Völlmecke, Katharina and Afroz, Rowshon and Bierbach, Sascha and Brenker, Lee Josephine and Frücht, Sebastian and Glass, Alexandra and Giebelhaus, Ryland and Hoppe, Axel and Kanemaru, Karen and Lazarek, Michal and Rabbe, Lukas and Song, Longfei and Velasco Suarez, Andrea and Wu, Shuang and Serpe, Michael and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2310-2861}},
  journal      = {{Gels}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Hydrogel-Based Biosensors}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/gels8120768}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{59619,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed hydroboration of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles was developed. The catalyst provides the primary amines in high yields of 77–99% with catalyst loading as low as 2 mol%. The reaction displays high functional group tolerance towards esters, amides, nitro groups and aliphatic halides. The addition of the diborylated amines to ethyl 3‐phenylpropiolate proceeds with Z‐selectivity with d.r. of &gt;99:1 in 77–90% yield over two steps. The reaction mechanism was investigated by control and computational experiments.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type="graphic" position="anchor"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mimetype="image/png" position="anchor" specific-use="enlarged-web-image" xlink:href="graphic/adsc202200525-toc-0001-m.png"><jats:alt-text>magnified image</jats:alt-text></jats:graphic></jats:boxed-text>
</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Sieland, Benedikt and Hoppe, Axel and Stepen, Arne J. and Paradies, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1615-4150}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Synthesis &amp; Catalysis}},
  keywords     = {{hydroboration, nitrile, amine, frustrated Lewis pair, density functional theory}},
  number       = {{18}},
  pages        = {{3143--3148}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Nitriles: FLP Versus Borenium Catalysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adsc.202200525}},
  volume       = {{364}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37942,
  author       = {{Andexer, Jennifer N. and Beifuss, Uwe and Brasholz, Malte and Breinbauer, Rolf and Breugst, Martin and Dumele, Oliver and Ernst, Martin and Ganardi, Ruth and Giese, Michael and Gulder, Tobias A. M. and Hüttel, Wolfgang and Kath‐Schorr, Stephanie and Körber, Karsten and Kordes, Markus and Lindel, Thomas and Mück‐Lichtenfeld, Christian and Niemeyer, Jochen and Pfau, Roland and Pfrengle, Fabian and Pietruszka, Jörg and Röckl, Johannes L. and Schaschke, Norbert and Sebode, Hanna and Senge, Mathias O. and Straub, Bernd F. and Teichert, Johannes and Waldvogel, Siegfried R. and Werner, Thomas and Winter, Christian}},
  issn         = {{1439-9598}},
  journal      = {{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}},
  keywords     = {{General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{42--69}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Trendbericht Organische Chemie 2022}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/nadc.20224122453}},
  volume       = {{70}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37938,
  author       = {{Terazzi, Constanza and Laatz, Karoline and von Langermann, Jan and Werner, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2168-0485}},
  journal      = {{ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{T1, T3, CSSD}},
  number       = {{40}},
  pages        = {{13335--13342}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by CaI<sub>2</sub>–Et<sub>3</sub>N and Studies on Their Biocatalytic Kinetic Resolution}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03210}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37940,
  author       = {{Ren, Changyue and Spannenberg, Anke and Werner, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2193-5807}},
  journal      = {{Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry}},
  keywords     = {{T1, T2, CSSD}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Synthesis of Bifunctional Phosphonium Salts Bearing Perfluorinated Side Chains and Their Application in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO            <sub>2</sub>}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ajoc.202200156}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{23701,
  author       = {{Schoppa, Timo and Jung, Dimitri and Rust, Tarik and Mulac, Dennis and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{0378-5173}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Pharmaceutics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326}},
  volume       = {{597}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23662,
  author       = {{Rust, Tarik and Jung, Dimitri and Hoppe, Axel and Schoppa, Timo and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2637-6105}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Polymer Materials}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{3831--3842}},
  publisher    = {{ACS}},
  title        = {{{Backbone-Degradable (Co-)Polymers for Light-Triggered Drug Delivery}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsapm.1c00411}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23699,
  author       = {{Schmiegel, Carsten J. and Baier, Rene and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1434-193X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Organic Chemistry}},
  pages        = {{2578--2586}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-VCH}},
  title        = {{{Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Continuous Flow Using Gel‐Bound Organocatalysts}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ejoc.202100268}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{31022,
  author       = {{Abdelaty, Momen S. A. and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{0303-402X}},
  journal      = {{Colloid and Polymer Science}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{1617--1629}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Altering of lower critical solution temperature of environmentally responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-vanillin acrylate) affected by acrylic acid, vanillin acrylate, and post-polymerization modification}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00396-021-04882-x}},
  volume       = {{299}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}